拉丁語翻譯筆記 喀提林陰謀(14)
背景、符號標記等見序言
52.1 Postquam Caesar dicundi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato rogatus sententiam huiusce modi orationem habuit:
洛：After Caesar had finished speaking, the rest briefly expressed their adherence to one or another of the various proposals. But Marcus Porcius Cato, when called upon for his opinion, spoke to the following purport:
試：After Caesar made an end of speaking, the rest assented to one’s word, or to another with variegated manners. But Marcius Porcius Cato, when asked opinion, made an oration of this way:
思考：
1. ceteri...adsentiebantur的處理可能存在爭議，因為作者沒有用連詞去分隔不同的部分，筆者認為，adsentiebantur分別支配verbo和alii，alius是verbo的定語。不知洛譯的“briefly”從何而來，可能是把verbo當作奪格狀語來處理？按此法，alii是賓語，alius是其定語，表示“某個人的某一種觀點”。需要更多證據(jù)來確定這兩種處理的優(yōu)劣。
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52.2 "Longe alia mihi mens est, patres conscripti, cum res atque pericula nostra considero et cum sententias nonnullorum ipse mecum reputo.
洛："My feelings are very different, Fathers of the Senate, when I turn my mind to the plot and the danger we are in, and when I reflect upon the recommendations of some of our number.
試：“My mind is very different, fathers and the newly elected, when I consider our situations and dangers and when I myself think over some people’s opinions with me.
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52.3 Illi mihi disseruisse videntur de poena eorum, qui patriae, parentibus, aris atque focis suis bellum paravere; res autem monet cavere ab illis magis quam, quid in illos statuamus, consultare.
洛：The speakers appear to me to have dwelt upon the punishment of these. men who have plotted warfare upon. their country, parents, altars, and hearths; but the situation warns us rather to take precautions against them than to argue about what we are to do with them.
試：To me, they seemed to discuss about those men’s punishment, who prepared war to their own fatherland, parents, altars and homes; however the situation warns that to get security from those is larger than to consider what we should set up to them.
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52.4 Nam cetera maleficia tum persequare, ubi facta sunt; hoc, nisi provideris, ne accidat, ubi evenit, frustra iudicia inplores: capta urbe nihil fit reliqui victis.
洛：For in the case of other offences you may proceed against them after they have been committed; with this, unless you take measures to forestall it, in vain will you appeal to the laws when once it has been consummated. Once a city has been taken nothing is left to the vanquished.
試：For that time you would peruse the rest crimes, when they have been made; this, unless you have foreseen, should not happen, when it comes out, you would appeal to trials in vain: with the city captured, nothing is made left to the conquered.
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52.5 Sed, per deos inmortalis, vos ego appello, qui semper domos, villas, signa, tabulas vostras pluris quam rem publicam fecistis: si ista, cuiuscumque modi sunt, quae amplexamini, retinere, si voluptatibus vostris otium praebere voltis, expergiscimini aliquando et capessite rem publicam!
洛："Nay, in the name of the immortal gods I call upon you, who have always valued your houses, villas, statues, and paintings more highly than your country if you wish to retain the treasures to which you cling, of whatsoever kind they may be, if you even wish to provide peace for the enjoyment of your pleasures, wake up at last and lay hold of the reins of the state.
試：But, by the immortal gods, I call you, who have always thought your homes, villas, statues, paintings larger than our state: if you wish to keep these, of whatever kind they are, to keep what you embrace fondly, if you wish to offer leisure to your desires, at last awake and seize our state!
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52.6 Non agitur de vectigalibus neque de sociorum iniuriis: libertas et anima nostra in dubio est.
洛：Here is no question of revenues or the wrongs of our allies our lives and liberties are at stake.
試：It is not discussed about the taxes or about the injustice of our allies: our liberty and life is in uncertainty.
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52.7 "Saepe numero, patres conscripti, multa verba in hoc ordine feci, saepe de luxuria atque avaritia nostrorum civium questus sum multosque mortalis ea causa advorsos habeo.
洛：Oftentimes, Fathers of the Senate,I have spoken at great length before this body; I have often deplored the extravagance and greed of our citizens, and in that way I have made many men my enemies.
試：“Often at the right time, fathers and the newly elected, I have made many words in the manner, I have often complained about the extravagance and the avarice of our citizens and I make many men hostile with that reason.
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52.8 (Qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem), haud facile alterius lubidini malefacta condonabam.
洛：I, who had never granted to myself or to my impulses indulgence for any transgression, could not readily condone misdeeds prompted by another's passion.
試：I, who had ever made excuse of no faults to myself and my soul, by no means easily forgave the evil deeds to the desire of another.
思考：
1. alterius lubidini不是與格做間接賓語，而像是屬有與格？
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52.9 Sed ea tametsi vos parvi pendebatis, tamen res publica firma erat: opulentia neglegentiam tolerabat.
洛：But although you were wont to give little weight to my words, yet the state was unshaken; its prosperity made good your neglect.
試：But though you weighed those of little, still the state was firm: its opulence endured your neglect.
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52.10 Nunc vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus, neque quantum aut quam magnificum imperium populi Romani sit, sed haec, cuiuscumque modi videntur, nostra an nobiscum una hostium futura sint.
洛："Now, however, the question before us is not whether our morals are good or bad, nor how great or glorious the empire of the Roman people is, but whether all that we have, however we regard it, is to be ours, or with ourselves is to belong to the enemy.
試：Now in fact it is not discussed, should we live with good or bad customs, nor how much or how great is the dominion of Roman people, but these, whatever way they seem, our things with us are becoming as one of the enemies.
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52.11 Hic mihi quisquam mansuetudinem et misericordiam nominat! Iam pridem equidem nos vera vocabula rerum amisimus: quia bona aliena largiri liberalitas, malarum rerum audacia fortitudo vocatur, eo res publica in extremo sita est.
洛：At this point (save the mark!) someone hints at gentleness and long-suffering! But in very truth we have long since lost the true names for things.. It is precisely because squandering the goods of others is called generosity, and recklessness in wrong doing is called courage, that the republic is reduced to extremities.
試：To me anyone names mildness and pity! Indeed we have already abandoned the true names of those things for long: because generosity is called to lavish other’s properties, courage is called recklessness of evil deeds, by that the state is situated at its last place.
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52.12 Sint sane, quoniam ita se mores habent, liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerari; ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur et, dum paucis sceleratis parcunt, bonos omnis perditum eant!
洛：Let these men by all means, since such is the fashion of the time, be liberal at the expense of our allies, let them be merciful to plunderers of the treasury; but let them not be prodigal of our blood, and in sparing a few scoundrels bring ruin upon all good men.
試：Let they be truly, because thus they make customs with themselves, generous to the fortunes from our allies, let them be compassionate with the thieves of treasury; may they not lavish our blood and, when they spare a few criminals, not set destruction to all good men!
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52.13 "Bene et conposite C. Caesar paulo ante in hoc ordine de vita et morte disseruit, credo {(falsa) existumans ea, (quae de inferis memorantur: divorso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra, inculta, foeda atque formidulosa habere)}.
洛："In fine and finished phrases did Gaius Caesar a moment ago before this body speak of life and death, regarding as false,I presume, the tales which are told of the Lower World, where they say that the wicked take a different path from the good, and dwell in regions that are gloomy, desolate, unsightly, and full of fears.
試：“Gaius Caesar has well and in an elegant style discussed about life and death in order a little before, I believe as false, he estimating those, which are mentioned about the underworld: by a different way the bad men, away from the good, have offensive, uncultivated, filthy and formidable places.
思考：
1. credo falsa...habere一句較難理解，可以把falsa ea理解為credo的賓語，existumans...是一個獨立的結(jié)構(gòu)，但這樣句意不通。洛譯的理解是，falsa existumans...全部是credo的賓語（語法分析按此標注），但按一般習慣，credo應接一個不定式分句做賓語，直接使用以現(xiàn)在分詞為謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合語法？A&G未給出相關(guān)解釋，希望能得到解答。
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52.14 Itaque censuit pecunias eorum publicandas, ipsos per municipia in custodiis habendos, videlicet timens, ne, si Romae sint, aut a popularibus coniurationis aut a multitudine conducta per vim eripiantur.
洛：Therefore he recommended that the goods of the prisoners s be confiscated, and that they themselves be imprisoned in the free towns, doubtless through fear that if they remained in Rome the adherents of the plot or a hired mob would rescue them by force.
試：Therefore he has voted that their money should be made public property, themselves should be held in prisons by free towns, evidently fearing that if they were in Rome, they would be rescued by people of conspiracy or the crowd assembled through force.
思考：
1. timens后接ne引導的虛擬式表肯定。
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52.15 Quasi vero mali atque scelesti tantummodo in urbe et non per totam Italiam sint aut non ibi plus possit audacia, ubi ad defendundum opes minores sunt!
洛：As if, indeed, there were base and criminal men only in our city and not all over Italy, or as if audacity had not greatest strength where the power to resist it is weakest!
試：As if in fact evil and infamous men were only just in the city and they didn’t exist throughout whole Italy or there the recklessness could not be more where the resources to defending are fewer!
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52.16 Quare vanum equidem hoc consilium est, si periculum ex illis metuit; si in tanto omnium metu solus non timet, eo magis refert me mihi atque vobis timere.
洛：Therefore, this advice is utterly futile if Caesar fears danger from the conspirators; but if amid such general fear he alone has none, I have the more reason to fear for you and for myself.
試：Wherefore this plan is indeed empty, if he has feared the danger from those; if he alone is indeed empty, if he alone is not afraid in such great fear of all people, for that it is not of more importance that I am afraid for myself and you.
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52.17 Quare, cum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habetote vos simul de exercitu Catilinae et de omnibus coniuratis decernere!
洛：Be assured, then, that when you decide the fate of Publius Lentulus and the rest, you will at the same time be passing judgment on Catiline's army and all the conspirators.
試：Wherefore, since you will decide about Publius Lentulus and the rest, for sure, make yourselves decide about the army of Catiline and all conspirators!
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52.18 Quanto vos attentius ea agetis, tanto illis animus infirmior erit; si paulum modo vos languere viderint, iam omnes feroces aderunt.
洛：The more vigorous your action, the less will be their courage; but if they detect the slightest weakness on your part, they will all be here immediately, filled with reckless daring.
試：In how much you will more attentively deal with those, in that much his mind will be weaker; if only they see you are a little tired, then they all will appear to be bold.
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52.19 "Nolite existumare maiores nostros armis rem publicam ex parva magnam fecisse!
洛：Do not suppose that it was by arms that our forefathers raised our country from obscurity to greatness.
試：“Don’t wish to appraise that our ancestors by weapons made the state great from small!
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52.20 Si ita esset, multo pulcherrumam eam nos haberemus; quippe sociorum atque civium, praeterea armorum atque equorum maior copia nobis quam illis est.
洛：If that were so, we should have a much fairer state than theirs, since we have a greater number of citizens and allies than they possessed, to say nothing of arms and horses.
試：If it were thus, we would have a much most beautiful state; in fact our supply of allies and cities, besides of arms and horses is larger than theirs.
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52.21 Sed alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere, quae nobis nulla sunt: domi industria, foris iustum imperium, animus in consulundo liber, neque delicto neque lubidini obnoxius.
洛：But there were other qualities which made them great, which we do not possess at all: efficiency at home, a just rule abroad, in counsel an independent spirit free from guilt or passion.
試：But there were other ways, which made them great, which we have none: diligence at home, fair dominion abroad, free mind in deliberating, neither submissive to fault nor to desire.
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52.22 Pro his nos habemus luxuriam atque avaritiam, publice egestatem, privatim opulentiam. Laudamus divitias, sequimur inertiam. Inter bonos et malos discrimen nullum, omnia virtutis praemia ambitio possidet.
洛：In place of these we have extravagance and greed, public poverty and private opulence. We extol wealth and foster idleness. We make no distinction between good men and bad, and ambition appropriates all the prizes of merit.
試：Instead of this we have extravagance and avarice, indigence of the public, opulence of the private. We praise wealth, follow idleness. There is no dividing-line between the good and the bad, ambition take possession of all rewards of virtue.
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52.23 Neque mirum: ubi vos separatim sibi quisque consilium capitis, ubi domi voluptatibus, hic pecuniae aut gratiae servitis, eo fit, ut impetus fiat in vacuam rem publicam.
洛：And no wonder! When each of you schemes for his own private interests, when you are slaves to pleasure in your homes and to money or influence here, the natural result is an attack upon the defenceless republic.
試：Nor it is wonderful: when you each separately take a plan for yourself, when you are the slaves to pleasure at home, to money and favour here, by that it is made, that the attack is made to the empty state.
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52.24 "Sed ego haec omitto. Coniuravere nobilissumi cives patriam incendere, Gallorum gentem infestissumam nomini Romano ad bellum arcessunt, dux hostium cum exercitu supra caput est.
洛：But I let that pass. Citizens of the highest rank have conspired to fire their native city, they stir up to war the Gauls, bitterest enemies of the Roman people. The leader of the enemy with his army is upon us.
試：“But I omit these. Noblest citizens have formed conspiracy to march to the fatherland, summon the most dangerous tribe of Gauls to Roman race to war, the leader of the enemy is above our top with an army.
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52.25 Vos cunctamini etiam nunc et dubitatis, quid intra moenia deprensis hostibus faciatis?
洛：Do you even now hesitate and doubtfully ask yourselves what is to be done with foemen taken within your walls?
試：You hesitate and doubt even now, what do you make inside the wall when the enemies arrested?
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52.26 Misereamini censeo: deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem atque etiam armatos dimittatis.
洛：Have compassion upon them, I conjure you (they are but young men, led astray by ambition), and even let them go, taking their arms with them!
試：I vote that you should pity: the young men are led by ambition, and you should also dismiss them armed.
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52.27 Ne ista vobis mansuetudo et misericordia, si illi arma ceperint, in miseriam convortat!
洛：Of a truth, if they should resort to war, that gentleness and long-suffering of yours would result in suffering.
試：May that mildness and compassion with you, if they had taken weapons, not turn to disaster!
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52.28 Scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxume. Sed inertia et mollitia animi alius alium exspectantes cunctamini, videlicet dis inmortalibus confisi, qui hanc rem publicam saepe in maxumis periculis servavere.
洛：No doubt the situation is a terrible one, you say, but you are not afraid of it. Nay, but you do fear it exceedingly, though from slothfulness and weakness of spirit you hesitate, waiting one for the other, doubtless trusting to the immortal gods, who have often saved our country in moments of extreme danger.
試：Of course, the thing itself is tough, but you don’t fear that. Nay rather the mostly. But with the idleness and weakness of one’s mind, you hesitate, expecting another, evidently having trust to the immortal gods, who have been the servant to the state often in dangers.
思考：
1. confisi是主動完成分詞（因為confido是半異態(tài)動詞）。
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52.29 Non votis neque suppliciis muliebribus auxilia deorum parantur: vigilando, agundo, bene consulundo prospere omnia cedunt. Ubi socordiae te atque ignaviae tradideris, nequiquam deos implores: irati infestique sunt.
洛：Not by vows nor womanish entreaties is the help of the gods secured; it is always through watchfulness, vigorous action, and wisdom in counsel that success comes. When you abandon yourself to cowardice and baseness, it is vain to call upon the gods; they are offended and hostile.
試：Aids of gods are neither prepared for women’s wishes nor supplications: all things turn out successfully by vigilance, acting, good deliberating. When you had surrendered yourself to indolence and slackness, you would call gods for aid in vain: they are enraged and dangerous.
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52.30 "Apud maiores nostros A. Manlius Torquatus bello Gallico filium suum, quod is contra imperium in hostem pugnaverat, necari iussit
洛："In the days of our forefathers Aulus Manlius Torquatus, while warring with the Gauls, ordered the execution of his own son, because he had fought against the enemy contrary to orders,
試：“Among our ancestors Aulus Manlius Torquatus in Gallic war, ordered to kill his son, because that man had fought into the enemy against his command,
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52.31 atque ille egregius adulescens inmoderatae fortitudinis morte poenas dedit: vos de crudelissumis parricidis quid statuatis, cunctamini? Videlicet cetera vita eorum huic sceleri obstat.
洛：and the gallant young man paid the penalty for too great valour with his life. Do you hesitate what punishment to inflict upon the most ruthless traitors? No doubt their past lives have been such as to palliate this crime!
試：and that distinguished young man of unbounded courage paid penalties by death: you hesitate what you decide about the cruelest treason? Evidently the rest life of them opposes to this crime.
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52.32 Verum parcite dignitati Lentuli, si ipse pudicitiae, si famae suae, si dis aut hominibus umquam ullis pepercit!
洛：By all means spare Lentulus because of his rank, if he ever spared his own chastity, his good name, or anyone, god or man.
試：Indeed spare of the honour of Lentulus, if he spared of his purity, if he spared of his own fame, if he ever spared of gods or men with anything!
思考：
1. 出現(xiàn)動詞省略現(xiàn)象時，應優(yōu)先在上文尋找合適的動詞，然后再考慮其他動詞。
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52.33 Ignoscite Cethegi adulescentiae, nisi iterum patriae bellum fecit!
洛：Pardon the youth of Cethegus, if this is not the second time that he has made war upon his country.
試：Forgive the young age of Cethegus, if he didn’t repeatedly make war to fatherland!
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52.34 Nam quid ego de Gabinio, Statilio, Caepario loquar? Quibus si quicquam umquam pensi fuisset, non ea consilia de re publica habuissent.
洛：And what shall I say of Gabinius, Statilius, and Caeparius, who would never have formed such designs against the republic if they had ever respected anything?
試：For what should I speak about Gabinius, Statilius, Caeparius? To them if anything had ever been of value, they would not have made those plans about the state.
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52.35 "Postremo, patres conscripti, si mehercule peccato locus esset, facile paterer vos ipsa re corrigi, quoniam verba contemnitis. Sed undique circumventi sumus. Catilina cum exercitu faucibus urget, alii intra moenia atque in sinu urbis sunt hostes; neque parari neque consuli quicquam potest occulte: quo magis properandum est.
洛："Finally, Fathers of the Senate, if (Heaven help us!) there were any room for error1 I should be quite willing to let you learn wisdom by experience, since you scorn my advice. But as it is, we are beset on every side. Catiline with his army is at our throats; other foes are within our walls, aye, in t the very heart of Rome. Neither preparations nor plans can be kept secret; therefore the more need of haste.
試：“At last, fathers and the newly elected, if by Hercules the place had been to an error, I would have easily submitted that you were set right by the thing itself, because you depreciate my words. But we have been surrounded from everywhere. Catiline with an army presses hard on our throat. Others inside the wall and in the inmost part of the city are enemies; whatever can neither be prepared nor be deliberated secretly: for that it should be accelerated more.
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52.36 "Quare ego ita censeo: cum nefario consilio sceleratorum civium res publica in maxuma pericula venerit iique indicio T. Volturci et legatorum Allobrogum convicti confessique sint caedem, incendia aliaque se foeda atque crudelia facinora in civis patriamque paravisse, de confessis, sicuti de manufestis rerum capitalium, more maiorum supplicium sumundum."
洛：This, then, is my recommendation: whereas our country has been subjected to the greatest peril through the abominable plot of wicked citizens, and whereas they have been proven guilty by the testimony of Titus Volturcius and the envoys of the Allobroges, and have confessed that they have planned murder, arson, and other fearful and cruel crimes against their fellow citizens and their country, let those who have confessed be treated as though they had been caught red-handed in capital offences, and be punished after the manner of our forefathers."
試：“Wherefore thus I vote: When for the heinous plan of the evil citizens the state has come in greatest danger and for the indication of Titus Volturcius and deputies of Allobroges they have been convicted and have confessed murder, fires and that they prepared other horrible things and cruel crimes to citizens and fatherland, on the confessed, just on the convicted of those things the capital punishment should be taken by the custom of ancestors.”
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段落大意 (52)：
在凱撒和其他人表達了觀點后，加圖反駁了他們。他指出，共謀者正在發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭來對抗所有人，對抗整個國家，情況已十分危急。他首先指責那些提及憐憫的人，認為這些人的道德水準和他一向批評的那樣墮落，特別是在這樣一個生死存亡的關(guān)頭。他又宣稱凱撒的計劃在目前的局勢下沒有實際意義，凱撒要么是故作姿態(tài)，要么是另有所圖，想要對抗陰謀必須毫不留情。他反復強調(diào)，羅馬人敗壞的道德早就了這些肆意妄為的暴徒，以及懶散懦弱的元老?，F(xiàn)在，道德、國家和個人的利益是一致的，作為奮起反抗的第一步，這些共謀者應當像當場被抓的叛國者那樣被處死。
53.1 Postquam Cato adsedit, consulares omnes itemque senatus magna pars sententiam eius laudant, virtutem animi ad caelum ferunt, alii alios increpantes timidos vocant. Cato clarus atque magnus habetur; senati decretum fit, sicuti ille censuerat.
洛：As soon as Cato had taken his seat, all the ex-consuls, as well as a great part of the other senators, praised his proposal and lauded his courage to the skies, while they taxed one another with timorousness. Cato was hailed as great and noble, and a decree of the senate was passed in accordance with his recommendation.
試：After Cato sat down, all of consular rank and also great part of the senate praise his opinion, bring the courage of his soul to the sky, they rattling, call each other cowards. Cato is thought as distinguished and great, decision of the senate is made, just as he said.
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53.2 Sed mihi multa legenti, multa audienti, quae populus Romanus domi militiaeque, mari atque terra praeclara facinora fecit, forte lubuit attendere, quae res maxume tanta negotia sustinuisset.
洛：For my own part, as I read and heard of the many illustrious deeds of the Roman people at home and abroad, on land and sea, it chanced that I was seized by a strong desire of finding out what quality in particular had been the foundation of so great exploits.
試：But to me, who collecting many, hearing many, which Roman people in peace and war, on sea and earth made as splendid deeds, it is strongly agreeable to notice, what thing has greatly supported such great business.
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53.3 Sciebam saepenumero parva manu cum magnis legionibus hostium contendisse; cognoveram parvis copiis bella gesta cum opulentis regibus, ad hoc saepe fortunae violentiam toleravisse, facundia Graecos, gloria belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse.
洛：I knew that often with a handful of men they had encountered great armies of the enemy;I was aware that with small resources they had waged wars with mighty kings; also that they had often experienced the cruelty of Fortune; that the Romans had been surpassed by the Greeks in eloquence and by the Gauls in warlike glory.
試：I learned again that they had fought with great legions of enemies with a few men; I knew they had tolerated wars carried on with opulent kings when their supplies were short, and had often tolerated violence of fortune, knew Greeks had been before Romans in eloquence, Gauls in glory of war.
思考：
1. 此句出現(xiàn)了較多的省略現(xiàn)象，但基本原則依然是：先從前一句中尋找合適的成分，再考慮常用詞。
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53.4 Eum muniunt undique parietes atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus iuncta; sed incultu, tenebris, odore foeda atque terribilis eius facies est.
洛：After long reflection I became convinced that it had all been accomplished by the eminent merit of a few citizens; that it was due to them that poverty had triumphed over riches, and a few over a multitude.
試：And to me who thinking over many it was established that the distinguished virtue of a few citizens had completed all things and for that it had been made that poverty overcame wealth, the few overcame the multitude.
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53.5 Sed postquam luxu atque desidia civitas corrupta est, rursus res publica magnitudine sua imperatorum atque magistratuum vitia sustentabat ac, sicuti effeta parentum vi, multis tempestatibus haud sane quisquam Romae virtute magnus fuit.
洛：But after the state had become demoralized by extravagance and sloth, it was the commonwealth in its turn that was enabled by its greatness to sustain the shortcomings of its generals and magistrates, and for a long time, as when a mother is exhausted by child-bearing, no one at all was produced at Rome who was great in merit.
試：But after the city was corrupted by extravagance and idleness, again the state held up the faults of generals and magistrates for its own greatness and, as the exhausted parents with force, in many seasons not anyone at all in Rome was great with the virtue.
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53.6 Sed memoria mea ingenti virtute, divorsis moribus fuere viri duo, M. Cato et C. Caesar. Quos quoniam res obtulerat, silentio praeterire non fuit consilium, quin utriusque naturam et mores, quantum ingenio possum, aperirem.
洛：But within my own memory there have appeared two men of towering merit, though of diverse character, Marcus Cato and Gaius Caesar. As regards these men, since the occasion has presented itself, it is not my intention to pass them by in silence, or fail to give, to the best of my ability, an account of their disposition and character.
試：But in my time there were two men with huge virtue, in different manners, Marcus Cato and Gaius Caesar. Because they had presented those things, it was not a plan to omit in silence, why not shall I reveal the nature and customs of either, much as I can with my talent.
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段落大意 (53)：
加圖的演講成功調(diào)動了人們的情緒，元老院決定按他所說行動。作者認為，在諸多方面都遜于其他民族的羅馬人，之所以能夠建立今日的偉大功業(yè)，依靠的是少數(shù)杰出的公民。當下的代表則是凱撒與加圖這兩位稟性不同的人。
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54.1 Igitur iis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere, magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii.
洛：In birth then, in years and in eloquence, they were about equal; in greatness of soul they were evenly matched, and likewise in renown, although the renown of each was different.
試：Therefore to them birth, age eloquence were near equal, greatness of soul was like, also glory, but different glory to different man.
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54.2 Caesar beneficiis ac munificentia magnus habebatur, integritate vitae Cato. Ille mansuetudine et misericordia clarus factus, huic severitas dignitatem addiderat.
洛：Caesar was held great because of his benefactions and lavish generosity, Cato for the uprightness of his life. The former became famous for his gentleness and compassion, the austerity of the latter had brought him prestige.
試：Caesar was thought great with favour and generosity, Cato was of a life with purity. One was like, also glory, but different glory to different man.
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54.3 Caesar dando, sublevando, ignoscundo, Cato nihil largiundo gloriam adeptus est. In altero miseris perfugium erat, in altero malis pernicies. Illius facilitas, huius constantia laudabatur.
洛：Caesar gained glory by giving, helping, and forgiving; Cato by never stooping to bribery. One was a refuge for the unfortunate, the other a scourge for the wicked.
試：Caesar obtained glory by giving supporting, forgiving, Cato by giving nothing. In one there was shelter to the pitiable, in the other there was destruction to the evil. Of one easiness was praised, of the other the firmness.
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54.4 Postremo Caesar in animum induxerat laborare, vigilare; negotiis amicorum intentus sua neglegere, nihil denegare, quod dono dignum esset; sibi magnum imperium, exercitum, bellum novum exoptabat, ubi virtus enitescere posset.
洛：The good nature of the one was applauded, the steadfastness of the other. Finally, Caesar had schooled himself to work hard and sleep little, to devote himself to the welfare of his friends and neglect his own, to refuse nothing which was worth the giving. He longed for great power, an army,a new war to give scope for his brilliant merit.
試：At last Caesar brought his mind to labour, to be vigilant; being strained with friends’?business, he neglected his own, denied nothing, which was deserving to a gift; to himself he longed for great dominion, army, new war, where his virtue could brighten.
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54.5 At Catoni studium modestiae, decoris, sed maxume severitatis erat;
洛：Cato, on the contrary, cultivated self-control, propriety, but above all austerity.
試：But to Cato the esteem was of modesty, grace, but in the most degree of severity;
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54.6 non divitiis cum divite neque factione cum factioso, sed cum strenuo virtute, cum modesto pudore, cum innocente abstinentia certabat; esse quam videri bonus malebat: ita, quo minus petebat gloriam, eo magis illum sequebatur.
洛：He did not vie with the rich in riches nor in intrigue with the intriguer, but with the active in good works, with the self restrained in moderation, with the blameless in integrity. He preferred to be, rather than to seem, virtuous; hence the less he sought fame, the more it pursued him.
試：he didn’t contend wealth with the rich, nor following with the supported by party, but courage with the vigorous, honour with the modest, abstinence with the innocent; he preferred to be a good man rather than seem: thus, in what he less sought glory, in that it follows.
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段落大意 (54)：
凱撒的榮譽源于他的樂于助人、仁慈大度；加圖的榮譽源于他的剛正不阿、嫉惡如仇。凱撒愿意用積極的給予、行動乃至征戰(zhàn)換得權(quán)力；加圖嚴格地規(guī)范自己，他想要的是德行本身，而不是別人的稱贊，因此名譽反過來追逐他。
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55.1 Postquam, ut dixi, senatus in Catonis sententiam discessit, consul optumum factu ratus noctem, quae instabat, antecapere, ne quid eo spatio novaretur, tresviros, quae supplicium postulabat, parare iubet.
洛：After the senate had adopted the recommendation of Cato, as I have said, the consul thought it best to forestall any new movement during the approaching night. He therefore ordered the triumvirs to make the necessary preparations for the execution.
試：Afterwards, as I said, the senate voted to Cato’s opinion, the consul, thinking the best to do was to take measures before the night which was near, so that anything in that place would not be changed, he ordered a board of three commissioners to prepare things which execution demanded.
思考：
1. quae...postulabat不是間接疑問，而是定語從句（其先行詞省略），因為它的謂語動詞是直陳式而不是虛擬式。
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55.2 Ipse praesidiis dispositis Lentulum in carcerem deducit;
洛：After setting guards, he personally led Lentulus to the dungeon,
試：He himself, with guards arranged, led Lentulus to the jail;
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55.3 idem fit ceteris per praetores. Est in carcere locus, quod Tullianum appellatur, ubi paululum ascenderis ad laevam, circiter duodecim pedes humi depressus.
洛：while the praetors performed the same office for the others. In the prison, when you have gone up a little way towards the left, there is a place called the Tullianum, about twelve feet below the surface of the ground.
試：the same thing was made to the rest by praetors. There is a place in the jail, which is called Tullianum, where you go up a little to the left, lying near twelve feet low of ground.
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55.4 Eum muniunt undique parietes atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus iuncta; sed incultu, tenebris, odore foeda atque terribilis eius facies est.
洛：It is enclosed on all sides by walls, and above it is a chamber with a vaulted roof of stone. Neglect, darkness, and stench make it hideous and fearsome to behold.
試：Walls defend the place from everywhere and on the top the roof was joined by stone arches; but with the dirt, darkness, smell its appearance is horrible and terrible.
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55.5 In eum locum postquam demissus est Lentulus, vindices rerum capitalium, quibus praeceptum erat, laqueo gulam fregere.
洛：Into this place Lentulus was let down, and then the executioners carried out their orders and strangled him.
試：After Lentulus was sent to that place, the deliverers of mortal things, to whom there had been an order, broke his throat by a snare.
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55.6 Ita ille patricius ex gente clarissuma Corneliorum, qui consulare imperium Romae habuerat, dignum moribus factisque suis exitium vitae invenit. De Cethego, Statilio, Gabinio, Caepario eodem modo supplicium sumptum est.
洛：Thus that patrician, of the illustrious stock of the Cornelii, who had held consular authority at Rome, ended his life in a manner befitting his character and his crimes. Cethegus, Statilius, Gabinius, and Caeparius suffered the same punishment.
試：Thus that patrician from the most distinguished family of Cornelius, who had managed to decide the dominion of Rome, came to a deserved end of his life to his customs and deeds. Execution in the same way was taken on Cethegus, Statilius, Gabinius, Caeparius.
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段落大意 (55)：
元老院采納了加圖的建議，當天在圖里亞努姆監(jiān)獄處死了共謀者朗圖路斯等人。
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56.1 Dum ea Romae geruntur, Catilina ex omni copia, quam et ipse adduxerat et Manlius habuerat, duas legiones instituit, cohortis pro numero militum conplet.
洛：While this was taking place in Rome, Catiline combined the forces which he had brought with him with those which Manlius already had, and formed two legions, filling up the cohorts so far as the number of his soldiers permitted.
試：When those were carried on in Rome, Catiline from the whole multitude, which he had taught and Manlius had made, arranged two legions, filled up cohorts according to the number of soldiers.
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56.2 Deinde, ut quisque voluntarius aut ex sociis in castra venerat, aequaliter distribuerat ac brevi spatio legiones numero hominum expleverat, cum initio non amplius duobus milibus habuisset.
洛：Then distributing among them equally such volunteers or conspirators as came to the camp, he soon completed the full quota of the legions, although in the beginning he had no more than two thousand men.
試：Then, as each one voluntary or from allies came too camps, he equally distributed and in a short time he completed legions with a number of men, though in the beginning it was not enough to two thousand.
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56.3 Sed ex omni copia circiter pars quarta erat militaribus armis instructa; ceteri, ut quemque casus armaverat, sparos aut lanceas, alii praeacutas sudis portabant.
洛：But only about a fourth part of the entire force was provided with regular arms! The others carried whatever weapons chance had given them; namely, javelins or lances, or in some cases pointed stakes.
試：But in the whole multitude around the fourth part was equipped with military arms; the rest, as he armed each one of event, carried spears or lances, some carried pointed stakes.
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56.4 Sed postquam Antonius cum exercitu adventabat, Catilina per montis iter facere, modo ad urbem, modo in Galliam vorsus castra movere, hostibus occasionem pugnandi non dare. Sperabat propediem magnas copias sese habiturum, si Romae socii incepta patravissent.
洛：When Antonius was drawing near with his army, Catiline marched through the mountains, moved his camp now towards the city and now in the direction of Gaul, and gave the enemy no opportunity for battle, hoping shortly to have a large force if the conspirators at Rome succeeded in carrying out their plans.
試：But after Antonius with an army came nearer and nearer, Catiline made road through mountains, sometimes moved to the city of Rome, sometimes turned into Gallia, his camps, didn’t give opportunity of fighting to enemies. He hoped that very soon he would have had great many troops, if in Rome his allies had completed the attempts.
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56.5 Interea servitia repudiabat, cuius generis initio ad eum magnae copiae concurrebant, opibus coniurationis fretus, simul alienum suis rationibus existumans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicavisse.
洛：Meanwhile he refused to enroll slaves, a great number of whom flocked to him at first, because he had confidence in the strength of the conspiracy and at the same time thought it inconsistent with his designs to appear to have given runaway slaves a share in a citizens' cause.
試：Meanwhile he refused the slaves of which kind in the beginning great many ran to him, being confident to the power of conspirators, at the same time estimating it was unsuitable, to his business that the cause of citizens seemed to share with the runaway slaves.
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段落大意 (56)：
與此同時，喀提林用召集的人手組織起了兩個軍團的兵力，但只有四分之一的士兵有正規(guī)裝備，因為面子的原因他也拒絕用奴隸擴充他的軍隊。懷著對羅馬城內(nèi)共謀者的期待，他不斷改變行軍方向，避免與安托尼烏斯交戰(zhàn)。
