我們經(jīng)常讀到這樣的句子：

1 . College life makes me feel excited. 大學(xué)生活使我感到興奮。

2. If you compare two ways of life carefully, you will find the former is superior to the

latter.

如果你仔細(xì)比較這兩種生活方式，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)前者比后者優(yōu)越。

3 The life-style has become accepted and welcome by more and more young people.

這種生活方式已被越來越多的年輕人接受，并受到歡迎。

4 Our parents always expect us to make progress in school and if we fail to do so,

they will ask why.

我們的父母總是期盼我們在學(xué)校有進步，如果我沒有做到，他們就會問為什么。

上面幾個句子雖沒有語法錯誤，但完全是按中文組句習(xí)慣寫的，如果按照英文

習(xí)慣，上面的例句可以修改如下：

（1）College life filled me with excitement.

（2）Careful comparison of two ways of life will show the superiority of the former

over the latter.

（3）The life style has found its growing popularity and acceptance among young

people.

（4）Our parents always expect progress of us in school and question its absence.

(以上材料來自蔡基剛的《英漢寫作對比研究》)

英語中現(xiàn)在有一種明顯的傾向，人們往往用名詞而不用動詞來表達謂語部分的內(nèi)容。

當(dāng)然英語文章中大量抽象名詞的使用和民族的文化習(xí)慣和思維習(xí)慣也有一定的關(guān)系。

名詞的使用不僅僅是減少了動詞，而更重要的是使英語句子簡潔緊湊，同時也避免了

因使用動詞而不得不把人牽扯進來，從而使句子更加含蓄、間接、抽象。

這也解釋了為什么剛學(xué)翻譯的同學(xué)無法把翻譯技巧用到實踐中，因為平時思考不足，

對詞匯的用法積累不夠。翻譯練習(xí)，應(yīng)首先從基本的詞匯開始，慢慢地積累，最后

才能做到翻譯時信手拈來。在后面講解英漢句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換時，將頻繁用到動詞名物化，

因此這里將重點講解動詞名物化。

13. 1“思考，考慮”的名詞化

在英語中，可以把“思考、考慮”之類的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式。

1. The sheriff?dismissed the idea?from his mind. 警長不再這樣認(rèn)為。

2. She did not?give the matter even a passing thought. 她對這個問題想都不愿意想。

3.What Englishman will?give his mind to?politics as long as he can afford to keep a

motor car?

只要英國人都能負(fù)擔(dān)得起擁有一輛汽車，那么還有什么人會去關(guān)心政治呢？

4. He?took no thought of?that. 他沒有思考這件事。

5. Few children can eat when excited?with the thoughts of?a journey.

想到旅行，孩子們都很興奮地吃不下飯。

6. Eppie's heart was swelling?at the sense?that her father was in distress.

想到悲傷的父親，艾比的內(nèi)心翻江倒海。

7. The?slightest mention of?the decade brings nostalgic recollections （ 回 憶 ） to

the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young; memories of the deliciously

illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,(酒店) of the brave denunciation of Puritan

morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a

country road.

只要有之言片語提到那個時期，就會勾起中年人懷舊的回憶和青年人好奇的提問。

中年人回憶起第一次光顧非法酒店時的那種既高興又不安的違法犯罪的刺激感，

回憶起對清教徒式的道德規(guī)范的勇猛的抨擊，回憶起停在鄉(xiāng)間小路上的汽車?yán)镱嶜[

倒鳳的時髦愛情實驗方式。

8. Tom looked at me as though he?had some consciousness?that I had introduced all

this confusion into his household.

湯姆看著我，好像他家里的這些麻煩都是我造成的。

9. She perceived in his words?the realization of?her own apprehensive foreboding in

former times.

從他的話中，她意識到以前擔(dān)心的事還是發(fā)生了。

10. She had?an inclination?that the people behind her were becoming impatient.

她意識到她身后的人正變得不耐煩。

11. His father therefore would?take a mild view of?what he saw as symptoms of grief

and natural childish resentment.

他爸爸不經(jīng)意地認(rèn)為他所看到的只是孩子出于本能的怨恨和悲傷的表現(xiàn)。

12. She?has visions of?starring in a movie that requires her to become an expert in

something, like marathon running or horseback riding.

她期待自己能主演一部要她成為某方面——像馬拉松跑或者騎馬——高手的電影。

13. Still, Foster’s in no mind to stack projects into the next decade.

不過福斯特?zé)o意對以后 10 年做過多規(guī)劃。

14. Mick Jagger(born 1943) is nobody’s idea of a dependant.

沒人認(rèn)為 Mick Jagger 是一個需要幫助的人。（依賴他人生活者）

15 . My first thought was…第一個想法…，（我首先想到的是…）

詞 匯 積 累

1.?common?n 普通人；共同點

a. lord and commons. 君主與普通人。

b. They have so much in common with each other. 他們彼此有許多共同點。

2.?communication?n 溝通；交流

a. communication skills. 交流技巧。

b. communication ability. 交際能力。

3.?community?n 社區(qū)；團體

a. business community. 商界。

b. legal community. 法律界人士。

c. international community. 國際社會。

d. rural community. 村落。

e. Shia community. 什葉派。

f. foreign community. 外僑。

g. Indigenous community. 土著居民。

h. EEC. 歐共體。

i. senior-living communities. 老年生活社區(qū)。

j. the academic community. 學(xué)術(shù)界。

4.?companion?n 同伴；同行者

a. traveling companion. 旅伴。

b. companion works. 姊妹篇。

5. company n 人群；一群客人a. The company will be here before we know where we

are.

他們有可能在我們忙得不可開交的時候到了。

b. a company car. 公司配車。