加密貨幣 / Cryptocurrency


「釋義」
加密貨幣是一種使用密碼學(xué)原理來確保交易安全及控制交易單位創(chuàng)造的交易介質(zhì)。
跟平常使用的紙幣需要防偽設(shè)計一樣,加密貨幣的防偽是利用數(shù)字貨幣和虛擬貨幣使用密碼學(xué)及數(shù)字散列而成并與智能合約的綁定之下的新型通證。比特幣在2009年成為第一個去中心化的加密貨幣,這之后加密貨幣一詞多指此類設(shè)計。
加密貨幣基于去中心化的共識機(jī)制,與依賴中心化監(jiān)管體系的銀行金融系統(tǒng)相對。
去中心化的性質(zhì)源自于使用分布式賬本的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)。
「應(yīng)用場景」
取代。
第三象限的創(chuàng)新建立在單個案例和本地化技術(shù)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)之上,所以新穎度較低,但由于其公用范圍和幅度更廣,所需協(xié)調(diào)度很高。這些創(chuàng)新旨在取代整個商業(yè)模式,但也因此面臨巨大障礙——它們需要更高的協(xié)調(diào)度,而且想要取代的流程可能已經(jīng)很成熟,并在組織和機(jī)構(gòu)中已根深蒂固。取代的案例包括加密貨幣。這是種健全的新貨幣系統(tǒng),由簡單的比特幣支付技術(shù)演進(jìn)而成。兩者最大的不同是,加密貨幣要求進(jìn)行貨幣交易的各方都要使用該系統(tǒng),這給長期以來處理、監(jiān)管此類交易的政府和機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。消費者也要改變自己的行為模式,并了解如何使用加密貨幣的新功能。
Substitution.
The third quadrant contains applications that are relatively low in novelty because they build on existing single-use and localized applications, but are high in coordination needs because they involve broader and increasingly public uses. These innovations aim to replace entire ways of doing business. They face high barriers to adoption, however; not only do they require more coordination but the processes they hope to replace may be full-blown and deeply embedded within organizations and institutions. Examples of substitutes include cryptocurrencies—new, fully formed currency systems that have grown out of the simple bitcoin payment technology. The critical difference is that a cryptocurrency requires every party that does monetary transactions to adopt it, challenging governments and institutions that have long handled and overseen such transactions. Consumers also have to change their behavior and understand how to implement the new functional capability of the cryptocurrency.
? ? ? ? ? ? ??
《區(qū)塊鏈真相》
馬爾科·揚西蒂,卡里姆·拉哈尼
2017年1月刊
“The Truth About Blockchain”
by Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
編輯:馬冰侖?