-ig?and?-i?

The?-ig?and?-i??suffixes express a change of state.?-ig?means to cause a change, while?-i??means to experience a change, or change from one state to another:

后綴-ig 和 -i?表示狀態(tài)的改變。?-ig意為引起改變，而-i?意為經(jīng)歷一場改變或者從一個狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)：

The above example show how the?-ig?and?-i??suffixes can be used with adjectives. They can also be used with verbs:

上述例子展示了-ig 和?-i?與形容詞搭配使用，并對形容詞本身產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響。此外，這兩個后綴也能夠和動詞搭配使用：

As you can see in the examples above, verbs ending in?-ig?always require an object, while those ending in?-i??never do. In grammatical terns, the?-ig verbs are transitive, while the?-i??verbs are intransitive.

如你所見，以-ig結(jié)尾的動詞通常需要跟著一個賓語。而那些以-i?結(jié)尾的動詞后邊則不需要跟賓語。在語法術(shù)語中，含有-ig后綴的動詞是及物動詞，而含有i?后綴的單詞則是不及物動詞，

Many verbs in English can be both transitive and intransitive, but this is not possible in Esperanto, in which verbs are normally either transitive or intransitive, but not both.?

在英語里面，有不少單詞就是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，但在世界語里面并不會出現(xiàn)這種情況：要么是及物動詞，要么是不及物動詞。

In English, we can say "The girl closed the window" and "The window closed" using the same verb, even thought the meaning is slightly different:?

在英語中，我們能夠用用一個動詞說"The girl closed the window" 和"The window closed" ，雖然這兩句話的意思稍有不同：

in the first sentence the girl is acting on the window, while in the second the window became closed by itself. Examples of English words that can be both transitive and intransitive include "to open", "to close", "to start", "to finish", "to change" and "to move".?

在第一句話中，女孩把關(guān)閉這個動作施加在了窗戶上，而第二句則是門自己關(guān)上了。既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞的英語單詞還有"to open", "to close", "to start", "to finish", "to change" 和"to move".?

These verbs in Esperanto--?malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ?angi, movi--are all transitive, and to make them?intransitive you must add the suffix?-i?:

這些世界語單詞：malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ?angi, movi——都是及物動詞，而要讓它們變成不及物動詞，你必須要加上后綴-i?:

Here are some example sentences using words from the two charts above:

下面是上述兩個表格中的單詞例句：

It is also possible to add the?-i??ending to intransitive verbs like?sidi?(to sit, be sitting) and?ku?i?(to lie, be lying down). In this setting the addition of?-i? indicates a change of position to achieve a new state:

-i? 也可以跟不及物動詞組合→例如sidi（坐）?和 ku?i（趟）。這種添加后綴-i? 所表達的是從現(xiàn)有的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到新的狀態(tài)：

• Li sidi?is sur la sofo.?
  He sat down on the sofa. (He "became sitting" on the sofa.)?

  他坐到了沙發(fā)上（開始坐在沙發(fā)上）

• La hundo ku?i?is sur la planko.
  The dog lay down on the floor. (The dog "became lying" on the floor.)

  狗躺在了地板上（狗開始躺在地板上）

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Ig-ig/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo