牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Dev Diary #43 - The American Civil War

Ofaloaf, Content Designer

Hello folks, welcome to another dev diary for Victoria 3! This week we're going to talk about the American Civil War, a dark period in the history of the United States.

大家吼啊，歡迎來到新一篇的維多利亞3開發(fā)日志！本周我們來聊一聊南北戰(zhàn)爭，美國歷史上的黑暗一頁。

Turmoil had been building under the surface of the United States for decades prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, with tension growing increasingly violent particularly in the 1850s. In 1861, several states voted to secede from the Union, and established the Confederate States of America. The Union and the Confederacy fought for four years, to 1865. After the surrender of the CSA, the Union reincorporated the states of the former Confederacy and initiated an era generally known as Reconstruction, a period of ambition, domestic unrest, and, ultimately, a failure to complete some of the most significant social reforms instigated in the wake of the CSA's defeat. The efforts and failures of Reconstruction resulted in Jim Crow laws and the promise of racial equality becoming a generations-long struggle that has carried on well past the end of the Victorian era.

早在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前數(shù)十年，動亂便已在合眾國各處暗中醞釀，尤其是到了十八世紀(jì)五十年代，原本緊張的對立形勢逐漸變得愈加暴力。1861年，數(shù)個州宣布脫離聯(lián)邦，并成立美利堅(jiān)聯(lián)盟國Confederate States of America。之后聯(lián)邦與邦聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了4年，直到1865年。美利堅(jiān)聯(lián)盟國投降之后，之前叛亂的各州重新加入聯(lián)邦，并開啟了后世所知的重建時期Reconstruction，一個野心勃勃而國內(nèi)動蕩的時期，而且最重要的是，隨著邦聯(lián)戰(zhàn)敗而啟動的一系列至為重要的社會改革在這個時期未竟全功。重建時期的艱難嘗試與失敗，最終導(dǎo)致了吉姆·克勞法案落地，種族平等的承諾成為了一場持續(xù)數(shù)代人的艱難斗爭，一直持續(xù)到維多利亞時代的結(jié)束。

Let's get something established first before we dive into the game: Slavery is central to the Civil War. The authors of secession did not dance around this point. The institution of slavery was singled out time and time again by the people seceding from the Union in their reasons for secession, during their debates over secession, and then throughout the Civil War itself. After the war, rhetoric shifted as the Lost Cause myth developed, but before and during the war slavery was declared as a central element in the rebellion time and time again.

在談游戲之前我們先樹立一個觀念：奴隸制是南北戰(zhàn)爭的核心。脫離聯(lián)邦的始作俑者在這一點(diǎn)上毫不掩飾，在關(guān)于脫離聯(lián)邦的爭論中以及整個內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，那些脫離聯(lián)邦的人們一次又一次地指出，確立奴隸制正是脫離聯(lián)邦的理由之一。戰(zhàn)后，雖然“未竟的事業(yè)The Lost Cause”（譯注：指宣稱內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中南部邦聯(lián)的事業(yè)是正義的、英勇的、浪漫的、寡不敵眾的、唐吉坷德般的、敗局命定的、一往無前的、茍利民族生死以的、“The Birth of a Nation”式的、不以奴隸制為核心的）的迷思大為流傳，但在戰(zhàn)前和戰(zhàn)爭中，奴隸制被多次表明是叛亂的核心訴求。

This interpretation of history is built on solid foundations with ample evidence. Victoria 3 uses this approach as its basis for the American Civil War.

這一歷史解釋是有充分的事實(shí)證據(jù)作為基礎(chǔ)的。維多利亞3正是使用這套理論作為游戲內(nèi)美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)。

Antebellum America's unrest is centered around slavery.

內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前美國的動蕩圍繞著奴隸制發(fā)生。

The United States of America begins the game with a Journal Entry already underway. In the first years of the game, and historically, the 1830s were already rife with national debate over the issue of slavery, although violence was only just beginning to escalate. At this point on the national level, all the United States can try to do is balance the pressures of abolitionists and pro-slavery advocates, and either limit escalation or come down firmly on the side of one camp or another.

美利堅(jiān)合眾國在開局時就已經(jīng)有這個進(jìn)行中的任務(wù)日志。游戲開局的十九世紀(jì)三十年代，在歷史上已然充斥著遍布全國的圍繞奴隸制問題的辯論，盡管暴力沖突才剛剛開始升級。此時在國家層面上，合眾國唯一能做的就是平衡廢奴主義者與奴隸制擁護(hù)分子所帶來的壓力，同時在“和稀泥般限制局勢升級”或是“正式下場支持任意一方”兩種操作中選擇其一。

Even a policy of appeasement and reconciliation will not stop rising tensions entirely. Some events will ratchet up tensions regardless of whatever option is chosen; the main difference in choices is determining who will become more mad and who will be more mollified by ensuing government actions.

即使是安撫與調(diào)和的政策，也不能完全緩解日益緊張的形勢。有些事件無論如何選擇都會導(dǎo)致緊張局勢升級。不同選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別只在于決定誰會變得更瘋狂和失控，而誰又因?yàn)殡S之而來的政府干預(yù)變得更加平和。

Iowa has become the front line in the fight over slavery, and will be struck with unrest regardless of the choice picked.

愛荷華州成了奴隸制斗爭的前沿陣地，無論如何選擇，都將受到動蕩的沖擊。

愛荷華在流血
愛荷華的事件
廢奴主義者和奴隸制擁躉正涌向愛荷華，希望按他們所想來影響本地政府。他們各自的準(zhǔn)軍事組織已經(jīng)開始采取暴力行動來對抗彼此和無辜的百姓。
“在上帝與在場的見證者面前，我宣誓從此刻開始，謹(jǐn)以此生獻(xiàn)給摧毀奴隸制的事業(yè)。這片罪惡之地的孽唯有以血洗之方能償還。”
- 邊境惡棍絕不能凌駕法律之上！愛荷華將成為自由州。
- 杰伊霍克（廢奴游擊隊(duì)）是非不分！愛荷華將成為蓄奴州。

As tensions rise, violence will rise, and events will become more and more polarizing. Early events may talk about a single senator's words, or a single death in a city, but as the issue festers, things will just get worse and worse until something gives way. Newspaper debates will turn into arguments on the floor of the Senate, then those arguments will turn into canings, and people will stop campaigning with pamphlets and start campaigning with paramilitaries.

隨著緊張局勢升級，暴力沖突也會出現(xiàn)，事件將會變得越來越極端化。早期事件也許是關(guān)于某位參議員的一席話語，或是某座城市中的一樁命案，但隨著局勢惡化，事情會變得越來越糟，直到失去控制。報紙上的辯論會變成參議院的爭論，之后這些爭論又變成私刑鞭打，人們將停止用小冊子進(jìn)行競選，開始用準(zhǔn)軍事組織進(jìn)行競選。

Attempts to ban slavery are more likely to create a reactionary movement in the United States.

廢除奴隸制的嘗試更可能在全國范圍內(nèi)引發(fā)一場反對運(yùn)動。

The most straightforward way to end the debate over slavery may be to just end it, but this carries enormous risks - political movements may emerge in reaction to the potential passage of these laws. Of course, not banning slavery may also lead to a movement emerging explicitly agitating for the abolition of slavery, and that has its own set of challenges.

結(jié)束奴隸制爭論的最直接方法就是終結(jié)奴隸制本身，但這會帶來巨大的風(fēng)險——通過這些法律可能會引起一系列政治運(yùn)動。當(dāng)然，不禁止奴隸制同樣可能導(dǎo)致明確要求廢除奴隸制的政治運(yùn)動還有與之相關(guān)的一系列挑戰(zhàn)。

Triggering the Civil War early caused a slightly different set of states to secede. Florida simply didn't have enough pro-slavery supporters here to join the pre-war movement that formed the basis of the CSA.

提前觸發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)會導(dǎo)致脫離聯(lián)邦的州稍有不同。佛羅里達(dá)就缺乏足夠的奴隸制支持者來參加稍后成為聯(lián)盟國基礎(chǔ)的戰(zhàn)前運(yùn)動。

This is where we've decided to engage with our own revolution mechanics in order to create a more dynamic American Civil War. If the Slavery Debate Journal Entry is active when a revolution over slavery erupts, the revolutionary government will turn into a secessionist government. Secession is determined by what states join the radicalized movements for preserving slavery or banning slavery, which means the strength of the secessionist government will vary depending on which IGs align themselves with the radicalized movement prior to the outbreak of revolution. If pro-slavery Interest Groups had been empowered again and again prior to their radicalization and revolution, then secessionists will control a large number of states, but if those same Interest Groups had been suppressed and their influence limited time and time again, then their government will be far smaller when war breaks out.

這就是我們設(shè)計(jì)的能與革命機(jī)制互動的地方，這樣可以讓美國南北戰(zhàn)爭動態(tài)化。如果在奴隸制的革命爆發(fā)時，奴隸制辯論的任務(wù)日志處于激活狀態(tài)，革命政府將變成分離主義政府。分離傾向?qū)⒂赡男┲葸x擇蓄奴而哪些州選擇解放奴隸而決定。換言之，分離主義政府的實(shí)力將取決于革命爆發(fā)前有哪些利益集團(tuán)與激進(jìn)的政治運(yùn)動相結(jié)盟。如果支持蓄奴的利益集團(tuán)在激進(jìn)運(yùn)動和革命爆發(fā)之前一次又一次獲得權(quán)力，那么分離主義者將在許多州占據(jù)上風(fēng)，但如果同樣的利益集團(tuán)被壓制，且他們的影響力一次又一次地受到限制，那么戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之時分離主義者將難成氣候。

Of course there's a train-centered event.

當(dāng)然我們還有聚焦于火車的事件。

失竊機(jī)車大追擊
哥倫比亞特區(qū)的事件
敵軍的襲擊者盜走了一輛機(jī)車，并在俄亥俄州破壞了數(shù)里長的軌道與電話線。
“將軍”號車頭的那團(tuán)濃煙正伴著一聲聲轟鳴散去。襲擊者們的燃料早在數(shù)里之前便已耗盡，而他們身后破壞的軌道也改變不了他們必敗的結(jié)局。向后方眺望，襲擊者們已然能夠看到追兵的滾滾濃煙。襲擊者顯然難逃落網(wǎng)。
- 別管了，趕快修復(fù)軌道和電話線！
- 我們的士兵會逼停他們的，注意安全。

The war itself has its own incidents that can complicate the pursuit of victory or give some unique opportunities. Raiders will jump back and forth across the border, causing chaos, while Unionist sympathizers in secessionist-held areas and secessionist sympathizers in Union-held areas will challenge the authority of local governments as long as the war still burns. If the secessionists are pro-slavery but the Union has not finished enacting abolition yet, the country will have a special change to radically hasten the change in law through a certain proclamation.

這場戰(zhàn)爭有專屬的事件，這能使勝利之路更多樣化，且能有一些獨(dú)特的機(jī)會。突襲者會在邊境上左右橫跳，造成混亂，而分離主義控制區(qū)的聯(lián)邦同情者和聯(lián)邦控制區(qū)的分離主義同情者都會在戰(zhàn)時挑戰(zhàn)地方政府的權(quán)威。如果分離主義者支持奴隸制，但聯(lián)邦尚未完成廢奴，該國將有一個特殊的變化，通過公開發(fā)表宣言這種激進(jìn)的方式加速法律的變革。

The war itself plays out the same way

戰(zhàn)爭也是同理。

If the secessionists win, then… the secessionists win, and a new country is established in North America. A Union victory, however, will lead to Reconstruction.

假使分離主義者獲勝了，那么……就是分離主義者贏了，新的國家將會在北美誕生。而與之相反，聯(lián)邦的勝利將是戰(zhàn)后重建。

Reconstruction varies depending on how the Civil War went.

重建將和戰(zhàn)事緊密相關(guān)。

重建國家
哥倫比亞特區(qū)的事件
縱使戰(zhàn)事已成定局，國家之魂仍存爭議。美利堅(jiān)合眾國必須在兄弟鬩墻之后彌合分歧。
“我不希望國家崩裂。無論是否歡迎，不論是全成一種或是另一種東西，這個國家將由表及里不再分離?！?br>- 一個自相分爭之家必?zé)o法站立。聯(lián)邦萬歲！

Reconstruction is a long and varied process. Depending on who fought, what laws were passed, and the general shape of the United States at war's end, different journal entries will spawn. Establishing the Freedmen's Bureau and pursuing the cause of equality only makes sense if you fought against slavery. Reconciling the South only makes sense if the South was the part of the country that rebelled. Conversely, it's possible to end up with multiple goals for Reconstruction that end up conflicting.

重建是一個漫長而多變的過程。誰參加了戰(zhàn)斗，通過了哪些法律，以及戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時美國的總體形態(tài)，這些都會在戰(zhàn)事結(jié)束后產(chǎn)生不同的任務(wù)日志。只有通過與奴隸制作斗爭才能合理地建立被解放黑奴事務(wù)管理局Freedmen's Bureau和追求平等。只有當(dāng)南方反叛了聯(lián)邦政府時，與南方和解才說得通。相反，最終可能會出現(xiàn)多個相互沖突的重建目標(biāo)。

Escalating violence is still a threat, even after the Civil War comes and goes.

即使硝煙已散，升級的暴力沖突仍是威脅。

準(zhǔn)軍事組織恐嚇
哥倫比亞特區(qū)的事件
反重建的政治團(tuán)體已經(jīng)糾集了軍事組織以恐嚇密西西比的選民，好讓他們重登大位。
“當(dāng)然，我知道我們組織在人群中造成了恐慌，但我保證我們的刺刀和步槍僅用于展示?！?br>- 忠誠的州政府比什么都管用。
- 太可怕了！立馬解散這些組織！

Reconstruction will be ugly. Historically, it wasn't a clean and smooth process, and in the game it's not a clean and smooth process. There was a struggle to balance the ambitions of Reconstruction against the resistance of a reactionary coalition that sought to restore their antebellum political power and impose a vision of racial supremacy upon society. Pursuing egalitarian measures will alienate these people and related groups, which may make governance more difficult and more expensive, while currying favor with them will undercut the foundations of Reconstruction and create another alienated population that will have to be contended with for the rest of the game. Every step is fraught with challenges to the government and to the welfare of the people; Reconstruction will be rough.

重建將是丑陋的。從歷史上看，這不是一個干凈順暢的過程，在游戲中也不會是。重建的雄心將會與反動聯(lián)盟的抵抗進(jìn)行斗爭，反動分子會試圖恢復(fù)其戰(zhàn)前的政治權(quán)力，并將種族至上的愿景強(qiáng)加給社會。推行平等主義措施將疏遠(yuǎn)這些人和群體，這可能會使治理困難且昂貴，而討好他們將削弱重建的基礎(chǔ)，并創(chuàng)造另一個必須在后續(xù)游戲中抗衡的疏遠(yuǎn)人口。每一步都對政府和人民的福祉充滿挑戰(zhàn)。重建將步履維艱。

Frontier justice is a tricky thing.

邊疆正義（公民自力救濟(jì)的私刑）是棘手的問題。

畜欄火并
哥倫比亞特區(qū)的事件
美國科羅拉多的執(zhí)法人員與幾個牛仔陷入交火。后續(xù)調(diào)查顯示槍戰(zhàn)可能起因?yàn)檫@個美國事務(wù)官和相關(guān)市民的世仇，而不是因?yàn)閳?zhí)法的緣故。人民在呼吁公正-以對抗執(zhí)法人員。
“來嘛，有人要試試運(yùn)氣嗎？看到爺?shù)幕照铝藳]？我是管事的！我就是法律！現(xiàn)在給我快走，這沒你的事兒。”
- 執(zhí)法人員執(zhí)的就是法，我們不能阻擋法律。
- 把這個事務(wù)官從科羅拉多暫時撤回來。

Not all postwar turmoil will be right where the fighting happened. Knock-on effects of the Civil War will be felt across the nation, from the very center of government to the furthest tendrils of the frontier. It's up to you, the player, to decide how the country will face all these myriad challenges. What kind of America do you want to create?

并非所有戰(zhàn)后動蕩都發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)斗發(fā)生的地方。內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的連鎖反應(yīng)將發(fā)生在全國范圍，從政府的中心到最遠(yuǎn)的邊境。玩家要自行決定這個國家將如何面對無數(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。你想創(chuàng)造什么樣的美國？

How's that for something to stew on for a week? Next time, we're going to talk more about how you can fight battles, both in the American Civil War and with wars in general, with the one and only KaiserJohan!

精燉一周的東西怎么樣？下一次，我們將更詳細(xì)地討論如何在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和一般的戰(zhàn)爭中進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗——與我們唯一的KaiserJohan一起！

翻譯：摸魚怪 萊恩希德公爵

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