考研的意義在于你真正投入的過程，請務必堅持信念，守得云開見月明！

臨近考研我們和同學們一樣緊張，也時刻關注著今年考研的動態(tài)，對每年的各專業(yè)的考研題目研究解析，這篇文章是針對川美環(huán)藝考研真題做的深度解析?。〞r刻更新歷年真題中）

一、真題展示?

二、題目解讀

1、場地位于公園濱水區(qū)域，南北高差達到三米，那么在設計濱水咖啡廳的時候可以考慮將露天區(qū)域的平臺延伸下來，與濱水發(fā)生鏈接，創(chuàng)造一個親水的休息空間，豐富空間的多功能性。

比如，將咖啡館部分直接采用修棧道的形式抬高，漲水的時候會把可以下到水邊的階梯沒過，但不會沒過棧道，在枯水季人們可以通過棧道下到階梯旁玩水。

2、這類偏建筑的考題，在最初構思的時候需要考慮空間布局，即空間的功能分區(qū)問題。在這個咖啡廳當中，自然會存在售賣區(qū)域、客座區(qū)域（室內室外）、衛(wèi)生間、操作間等，在題目給到的紅線范圍內，合理安排以上空間的位置和大小，而不是只在乎其形式問題。

3、對于一些有高差的場地來說，從分析圖的層面上來說能好表現(xiàn)，可以根據(jù)區(qū)域高差的不同而調整功能分區(qū)，也能根據(jù)季節(jié)變化所帶來的消落帶變化進行分區(qū)和植物種植，甚至包括簡單的對如何處理城市雨洪這個點進行簡要說明和表現(xiàn)。給老師展現(xiàn)更多的空間細節(jié)處理問題，表現(xiàn)出更強的專業(yè)性。

4、整張快題中需要明確表現(xiàn)出來的核心點在于咖啡館自身與“水”的關系，如果只是單純的畫了一個造型還不錯的咖啡廳，沒有任何場域環(huán)境表現(xiàn)的話，也沒有辦法取得高分。因此，在整個設計過程中，我們需要充分考慮“水”對于這個建筑體來說是怎么樣的存在，甚至于說，我們是否可以提取水的特點或者元素來作為這個特定地點咖啡廳的主體元素，設計一個獨一無二的與“水”息息相關的特色咖啡廳。

三、示范快題?

四、實際案例?

“缺乏個性”被認為是俄羅斯現(xiàn)代建筑最大的問題之一。如今的俄羅斯建筑師常常習慣于模仿其他國家的做法，其結果是在一個新創(chuàng)造的環(huán)境中完全看不到民族的特性。即便是在空無一物的場地上花費數(shù)十年時間進行建造，也幾乎沒有人意識到這些新生的事物也是民族文化的一部分。

One of the most important problems of modern architecture in Russia is considered the lack of identity. Nowadays, Russian architects often imitate contemporary colleagues from other countries. As a result, national identity is completely absent in the newly created environment. New objects, erected even in an open field, have also been designed for several decades without realizing that they belong to the national culture.

▼項目概覽，Preview???Ilya Ivanov

莫斯科Megabudka事務所的建筑師在經(jīng)過研究之后得出了他們對新俄羅斯風格的看法。
建筑風格并不是人為捏造的，而是基于對民族建筑和民族意識中固有的文化與價值方面的重新思考而形成。這種方法是在現(xiàn)代設計師和建筑師的共同參與下發(fā)展起來的，經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)化之后便成為了影響俄羅斯設計的決定性因素，其實不外乎是對“前衛(wèi)”和“傳統(tǒng)”兩個概念的組合方式進行靈活的闡釋。這里的“前衛(wèi)”是指完全的國際風格，而“傳統(tǒng)”則是一種粗野的、龐大和過剩的假象。

The architects of the Moscow bureau Megabudka carried out research and, as a result, developed their own vision of the New Russian Style.
The created architectural style is not artificial, but is based on rethinking the cultural and value aspects inherent in the national architecture and mentality. The approach was developed with the participation of a number of modern designers and architects, systematized and turned into a determinant of Russian design. This helps not to go beyond the flexible interpretation of the combination of two concepts: avant-garde and tradition. Here the avant-garde is a completely international style, while the traditional is a woodcut, a semblance of brutal, magnificent and excessive.

▼建筑與公園環(huán)境，The building complex seen from the park???Ilya Ivanov

試驗性應用
PILOT IMPLEMENTATION

這是第一座“新俄羅斯風格”的建筑，它位于利佩茨克地區(qū)的Kudykina Gora公園內。在建設之前，業(yè)主們已經(jīng)與事務所合作數(shù)年?！敖?jīng)過反思的民族認同感”構成了整個項目的發(fā)展基礎。該項目涉及的所有事物，包括標志、吉祥物、食物、字體、規(guī)劃原則和建筑，都必須在符合人們對“認同感”的普遍理解時才能夠出現(xiàn)。

項目中最重要的改造舉措是沿著公園的邊界為行人創(chuàng)造了一條環(huán)形的路線，使游客們可以一邊欣賞未受破壞的景觀，一邊途經(jīng)公園中最重要的景點。

The first structure, built in the new Russian style according to the project of the architectural bureau Megabudka, is located in the Lipetsk region, in the Kudykina Gora (translating from Russian: Mountain of Kudyk) park. Before the construction, the owners had been developing the park together with the bureau for several years. The idea of a “rethought national identity” is laid in the foundation of development. Any object: logo, mascot, food, font, planning principles, architecture and the like, appears in the park only if it meets the general concept of identity.

One of the most important primary transformations was the construction of a circular route along the park’s borders for pedestrians. Here, the visitor can admire the untouched landscape, his path passes through the most important points of attraction of the park.

▼建筑以“新俄羅斯風格”建造，A structure built in the new Russian style???Ilya Ivanov

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位置
LOCATION

接待中心的建筑群位于環(huán)形路線的起始處，它們將引導游客選擇開啟公園之旅的方向，而無需額外設置導航。為了增強這種引導的效果，第一座建筑被轉向游客最可能前往的路線。其他建筑物也根據(jù)入口所在的中央軸線進行了適當?shù)囊苿?，以避免對公園的標志性建筑“堡壘”（Fortress）造成視線上的遮擋。

The Hospitality Center building complex is located at the starting point of the circular route, when entering from the public car park. The circular route through the park begins from here, and the complex guides visitors to choose the direction of travel without additional navigation. To enhance the effect, the first block of the building is turned towards the predicted movement of guests. The buildings are shifted relative to the central axis of the entrance so as not to block the perspective view of the iconic landmark of the park – the Fortress.

▼建筑群為游客開啟公園之旅，The Hospitality Center building complex is located at the starting point of the circular route???Ilya Ivanov

建筑設計
ARCHITECTURE

所有的體量都被“放置”在單一的基座上，并通過屋頂上的木制平臺實現(xiàn)連接。升高的臺基容納了技術設備和儲存空間，同時使露臺成為了一個視野良好的觀景平臺，從這里可以看到池塘、堡壘和口吐火焰的Gorynych雕塑（俄羅斯神話故事中的英雄形象）——這也是公園主要的景點之一。厚重的臺基“懸浮”在茂盛的草叢上方，遠遠看去就像是一艘“Ladya”（古代俄羅斯使用的一種帶槳的河船）。

All blocks stand on a single stylobate, they are united by a wooden terrace on the roof. The high stylobate part is given over to technical and storage spaces and is partially hidden in the relief. Thanks to the use of relief differences, the terrace becomes an observation platform from which dramatic vivid views of the pond, the fortress and the fire-breathing sculpture of Gorynych (a folk hero of Russian fairy tales) which is one of the main attractions of the park, open up. The obtuse shape of the stylobate hangs over the tall grass, resembling the Ladya (a sailing-oared river vessel used in Ancient Rus).

▼遠遠看去，建筑像一艘黑色的巨輪，F(xiàn)rom a distance, the complex looks like a giant vessel???Ilya Ivanov

▼周邊環(huán)境，Context???Ilya Ivanov

建筑群包含數(shù)個高度不一的體量，它們各自具有不同的功能。這些體量共同組成了尺度適宜的建筑正立面，使人聯(lián)想到老城區(qū)內的某個街道片段。按照未來計劃，該建筑群旁邊將建造幾個包含不同功能的新體量，使建筑整體進一步得到完善，同時也將有助于業(yè)主與建筑團隊制定出應對公園游客潛在需求的最佳策略。

The complex consists of separate blocks of different height. Each volume has its own function. The volumes form a cozy, comfortable-scale building front, reminiscent of a fragment of a street in the old city. In the future, it is planned to complete the construction with the next blocks of different functions. This will complete the composition of the entire complex and will allow the owners, together with the bureau, to think over the best strategy for responding to the possible requests of park visitors.

▼建筑外觀，使人聯(lián)想到老城區(qū)內的某個街道片段，The volumes form a cozy, comfortable-scale building front, reminiscent of a fragment of a street in the old city???Ilya Ivanov

▼戶外平臺，Outdoor terrace???Ilya Ivanov

立面采用烏木制成。黑色——在陽光下燒過的木板的顏色——是俄羅斯木構建筑的真正顏色。無論在什么季節(jié)，建筑的體態(tài)都能與景觀形成良好的配合：在皚皚的雪地上，它猶如一篇宏偉的史詩；而在溫暖的季節(jié)，它又與周圍的森林融為一體。不同建造技術的結合削弱了建筑群帶來的壓迫感。三角形的窗戶、不同圖案的格柵、腰線、裂縫、鋪板方式，當然還有親切宜人的比例——這些都是對俄羅斯木構建筑的新闡釋。建筑團隊考慮到了建筑的衰退過程，就像一個俄羅斯農(nóng)民在建造自己的屋子時一樣，根據(jù)他不斷變化的喜好和品味，最終完成了他想要的結果。

The facade is made of ebony. Black – the color of the board burned out under the sun – is the true color of Russian wooden architecture. The volume of the building, regardless of the season, works well with the landscape: on the white snow it looks as epic as possible, and in the warm season it merges with the line of tree trunks of the surrounding forest. The combination of architectural techniques dilutes the monumental forms of the buildings of the complex. Architectural ornaments of triangular windows, various lattices, belts, cracks, a variety of ways of laying boards, thinning and, of course, proportions with the character of prowess – these are some of the methods of a new interpretation of the architecture of the Russian Izba. We took into consideration the degradation of buildings, as if they were being built by a Russian peasant, eventually completing the required volumes, based on his changing preferences and tastes.

▼黑色的烏木立面，The black?ebony facade???Ilya Ivanov

▼半戶外美食空間，Semi-outdoor food space???Ilya Ivanov

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室內設計
INTERIOR

建筑簡約的黑色外邊緣與淺色的內飾形成了對比。建筑群的內部仿佛一個裝有珠寶的木雕柜子，為游客帶來新奇的體驗，并期待著前方有更多發(fā)現(xiàn)。豐富的細節(jié)和材料的天然質地創(chuàng)造出舒適的氛圍。從風格上看，室內空間同樣展現(xiàn)出了新俄羅斯的特色，從中可以看出大量對俄羅斯各個時期（包括蘇聯(lián)時期）的建造技術的參照，以及它們如何被重新思考，并最終融入到基于文化準則的新美學當中。

The dark minimalistic edges of the exterior contrast with the light colors and ornamentation of the interior. The complex inside is like a carved cabinet with jewels. This contrast gives visitors a new experience and anticipates the discoveries ahead. The abundance of details and textures of natural materials create a cozy atmosphere. Stylistically, the interior is also made in the new Russian style. Here you can find a large number of references to architectural techniques from various eras of Russia and the architecture of the USSR, which are rethought and compiled into a new aesthetics based on cultural codes.

▼室內概覽，Interior view???Ilya Ivanov

室內設計充分考慮到了周圍的環(huán)境。大量的窗戶將公園的明媚景色引入室內。定制的窗臺結合了座位的功能，在為建筑賦予與眾不同的氛圍的同時也帶來了令人驚嘆的私享視野。

One of the main techniques in the interior is the environment around. The interior has a huge number of windows aimed at the bright views of the park. Some of the seating is done in custom bay windows, isolating the company into a self-contained atmosphere with a stunning individual view.

▼朝向公園的室內視野，View to the park???Ilya Ivanov

建筑大膽的外部特征同樣生動地展現(xiàn)于其內部。第一座“山”形體量容納了大廳空間，其內部充滿了閃光、箭頭和燈束。從第一步開始，溫暖細膩的木質飾面就營造出了親切又熱情的氛圍。

咖啡廳位于第二個體量。這是一座帶有中庭的大型“房屋”，其內部光線充足，類似于招待用的大客廳。除了容納數(shù)量龐大的游客外，這里還提供舒適的洗手間設施。

The bold character of the buildings externally, vividly manifests itself inside too. The “mountain” is the first in the chain of buildings. Inside the lobby is a dynamic volume filled with flashes, arrows, beams of lamps with a huge souvenir cart. From the first steps, wood finishes and tactile surfaces create an atmosphere of hospitality.

Cafe is the next volume. It is a huge building with one nave, a huge hut. Inside it is light, like a peasant room (analogue of a living room). This space can accommodate the maximum number of guests. The concept of going to the toilet without a possible feeling of moral discomfort was implemented here too.

▼咖啡廳，Cafe???Ilya Ivanov

▼室內細節(jié)，Interior detailed view???Ilya Ivanov

▼窗邊觀景座位，The view niches???Ilya Ivanov

餐廳空間的氛圍相較于咖啡廳更為私密。簡約的墻面上謹慎地裝飾著圖案。公共中庭的一系列吊燈增添了神話般的色彩。厚重的磚石地面、鏤空的風窗、環(huán)繞墻面的帶狀裝飾以及閃耀的黃銅元素參考了俄羅斯宅邸的風格。一條長長的走廊沿著咖啡館的窗邊座位通向餐廳大廳，天花板上設有造型獨特的花邊形裝飾。

The restaurant is the same hut as the building of the Cafe, but more intimate. Deaf surfaces here are discreetly decorated with patterns. Hanging lamps in the common nave add fabulousness. In the restaurant, there is a reference to Russian mansions – a heavy brick bottom, a pavement floor, openwork air windows, belts of rich patterns along the walls, gold and brass for sunny flowers. A long corridor leads to the restaurant hall along the view niches of the cafe. Symbolic lace on the ceiling has been added to the minimalistic surface of the embossed mirror.

▼餐廳概覽，Restaurant view???Ilya Ivanov

▼主用餐區(qū)，Main dining area???Ilya Ivanov

▼裝飾元素參考了俄羅斯宅邸的風格，There is a reference to Russian mansions?in the restaurant???Ilya Ivanov

▼細節(jié)，Detailed view???Ilya Ivanov

街頭美食區(qū)是一個令人驚喜的明亮又時尚的空間。這里可以用于社交、品嘗美食或舉辦活動和展會。在夜晚，巨大的球燈宛若一輪明月，與空間內部的紫色燈光共同描繪出一幅夢幻的畫卷。

Street food building – bright, trendy and unexpected! A platform for socializing, street food, events and fairs. In the evening, its stars and its own moon, a huge ball lamp, arise here. Fuchsia lighting has been added to the overall picture of the open kitchen.

▼街頭美食區(qū)夜景，Street food building by night???Ilya Ivanov

位于最后的圓形體量是洗手間所在區(qū)域，使整個建筑群的功能變得更加完善。在未來，建筑群還可以靈活地增加新的體量。與街道相連的多個獨立入口使每個體塊都可以獨立自主地運作，在舉辦活動期間展現(xiàn)了使用場景的高度可變性。

The round toilet completes the complex in its present state. The shape of the button or knuckle is flexible enough to accommodate almost any new volume after. In the near future, one of the concepts for the continuation of development will be chosen. Due to the many separate entrances from the street, each block can work autonomously and be separated from the neighboring ones, for example, during events great variability of usage scenarios is achieved.

▼圓形體量完善了建筑群的功能，The round toilet completes the complex in its present state???Ilya Ivanov

▼傍晚的平臺，The outdoor terrace in the evening???Ilya Ivanov

▼夜景，Night view???Ilya Ivanov

▼公園地圖，Map???Megabudka

▼平面圖，Plan???Megabudka

▼立面圖，F(xiàn)acades???Megabudka

Architects: Megabudka. Kirill Gubernatorov, Maria Vertinskaya, Artem Ukropov, Daria Listopad
Photograph: Ilya Ivanov
Year: 2021
Area: 3500м2
Place: Russia, Lipetsk region
Clients: Park Kudykina gora