小編今天為大家講一下presentation的內(nèi)容方面的注意。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，在學(xué)習(xí)生涯，我們將長(zhǎng)需要用presentation來(lái)展示我們的作業(yè)成果，研究報(bào)告有時(shí)也需要用presentation來(lái)更一步的幫助老師理解我們的想法。Presentation跟演講的共同點(diǎn)在于都需要同學(xué)們有良好的語(yǔ)言能力和邏輯思維去表達(dá)溝通技巧。不同點(diǎn)在于，演講總是附帶一些情景渲染的效果，目的是為了激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的情感，而presentation則是簡(jiǎn)單明了，它更注重于對(duì)信息的一個(gè)精準(zhǔn)性和簡(jiǎn)潔性，他的目的性比演講更強(qiáng)烈，通常還會(huì)借用PPT作為傳達(dá)信息的媒介。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，presentation這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的比重占最終成績(jī)的20-45%，尤其是商科老師非常注重學(xué)生的presentation能力，這項(xiàng)分?jǐn)?shù)可以直接對(duì)同學(xué)們的期末考試成績(jī)有一定的影響。同學(xué)們?nèi)绻敕€(wěn)過(guò)并拿到一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)，就需要做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。本文算是系列里的最良心的手把手教你如何在presentation中拿到高分，收到老師的青瞇。

?1. 準(zhǔn)備工作
首先你要知道，你的觀眾需要了解到你在說(shuō)什么，你想要表達(dá)什么觀點(diǎn)。所以首先在確定你的主題（topic）之前，你應(yīng)該確定你的聽(tīng)眾是怎樣的一群人（可能有一部分是非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人，這時(shí)就不應(yīng)該用過(guò)于學(xué)術(shù)的詞進(jìn)行演講），他們?cè)谶@個(gè)問(wèn)題（problem或者topic）里關(guān)心什么？
然后我們就可以以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)開(kāi)始查詢資料了~親愛(ài)的們~靈活運(yùn)用你們的度娘和Mr. Google（如果你的presentation不那么學(xué)術(shù)或者你只是想了解個(gè)大概狀況的話）。但是，如果你是做學(xué)術(shù)性的presentation， 那么就需要去閱讀非常非常非常多的報(bào)告了，這些報(bào)告通常是在database里面。
把所有的思路全部列出來(lái)，能想多少想多少~（我一般都是在找了很多資料后才開(kāi)始這一步，因?yàn)閷?duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，了解更多，腦洞越大。當(dāng)然，你可以在把這部提前，每個(gè)人的思維方式不同嘛~），換句話說(shuō)現(xiàn)在是頭腦風(fēng)暴的時(shí)間。
準(zhǔn)備工作也到此結(jié)束~~
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2. 結(jié)構(gòu)階段
現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始計(jì)劃結(jié)構(gòu)了。一般來(lái)說(shuō)就是（比較公式化的）title-outline-introduction-body1-body2-.... -conclusion-Q&A。
一定要計(jì)劃好哪個(gè)內(nèi)容放在哪個(gè)版塊里，這樣準(zhǔn)備演講詞的時(shí)候也有邏輯可循。其實(shí)我比較推薦在計(jì)劃結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始大致的做ppt了。ppt一定一定一定不要整段整段的文字??！這樣會(huì)讓你的聽(tīng)眾無(wú)法集中到你的演講中去，當(dāng)然更重要的是你的老師100%不會(huì)給你高分~每頁(yè)ppt最好只用一些關(guān)鍵詞和不多于兩張圖片（你可以用這一些圖片或詞作為自己的提示）。

- Introduction 引入部分
This is the first impression that your audience have of you. You should concentrate on getting your introduction right.
一般引入部分有四個(gè)目的：
welcome your audience
歡迎觀眾
introduce your subject
介紹主題
outline the structure of your presentation
列出提綱
give instructions about questions
對(duì)提問(wèn)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行事先解說(shuō)（如什么時(shí)候可以提問(wèn)）
以下是一些introduction部分的常用語(yǔ)
Welcoming your audience 歡迎您的觀眾
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen
Good morning, gentlemen
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen
Good afternoon, everybody
Introducing your subject 介紹您的主題
I am going to talk today about...
The purpose of my presentation is to introduce our new range of...
Outlining your structure 概述您的結(jié)構(gòu)
To start with I'll describe the progress made this year. Then I'll mention some of the problems we've encountered and how we overcame them. After that I'll consider the possibilities for further growth next year. Finally, I'll summarize my presentation (before concluding with some recommendations).
Giving instructions about questions 提供有關(guān)問(wèn)題的說(shuō)明
Do feel free to interrupt me if you have any questions.
I'll try to answer all of your questions after the presentation.
I plan to keep some time for questions after the presentation.

- Body （主干部分）
The body should be well structured, divided up logically, with plenty of carefully spaced visuals.開(kāi)始填充內(nèi)容了。 內(nèi)容（body）說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我覺(jué)得就像寫(xiě)essay一樣。要注意內(nèi)容的邏輯性。把你想說(shuō)的，想讓你的聽(tīng)眾理解的內(nèi)容清楚的，有邏輯的排列出來(lái)，自然而然就可以有一個(gè)很好的body部分了。你可以根據(jù)自己的需要進(jìn)行
橫向思維，縱向思維或者是思辨性的進(jìn)行排序
時(shí)間上，空間上的排序
板塊與板塊的排序
先因后果，先果后因的排序
以下是一些注意事項(xiàng)：
不要慌張，要熱情飽滿，給聽(tīng)眾結(jié)合視覺(jué)輔助工具和眼神交流，調(diào)節(jié)聲音，保持友好地態(tài)度友好，遵循提綱，借助提詞，使用指示性語(yǔ)句（上一講提過(guò)的哦），遇到刁鉆問(wèn)題保持禮貌

- Conclusion? 總結(jié)部分
這一部分的作用是：總結(jié)概括，給出合理的建議，感謝，接受提問(wèn)
以下是一些總結(jié)部分可能會(huì)用到的表達(dá)
所以你可以用以下方式結(jié)束：
強(qiáng)而有力的結(jié)束語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)短，但是高度總結(jié)主旨)
一個(gè)對(duì)未來(lái)的推測(cè)（可以用一個(gè)畫(huà)面來(lái)體現(xiàn)）
一個(gè)較為深思的問(wèn)題+thank u for your attention
以下是結(jié)尾段可以用上的短語(yǔ)：
summing up 總結(jié)
To conclude,...
In conclusion,...
Now, to sum up...
So let me summarize/recap what I've said.
Finally, may I remind you of some of the main points we've considered.
Giving recommendations 提供建議
In conclusion, my recommendations are...
I therefore suggest/propose/recommend the following strategy.
Thanking your audience 感謝你的聽(tīng)眾
Many thanks for your attention.
May I thank you all for being such an attentive audience.

3．在Questions 提問(wèn)部分
It may be helpful for you to try to predict what questions will be asked so that you can prepare your response in advance. You may wish to accept questions at any time during your presentation, or to keep a time for questions after your presentation. Normally, it's your decision, and you should make it clear during the introduction. Be polite with all questioners, even if they ask difficult questions. Sometimes you can reformulate a question. Or answer the question with another question. Or even ask for comment from the rest of the audience.
對(duì)于這個(gè)的準(zhǔn)備只有靠你對(duì)自己演講稿的熟悉程度和思考廣度啦（這也是為什么每個(gè)presentation都要閱讀大量資料的原因）~在準(zhǔn)備階段時(shí)候多問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，what？why？how？
但也可以事先準(zhǔn)備一些問(wèn)題的答案。你可以在presentation的任何一個(gè)過(guò)程中接受提問(wèn)，但是應(yīng)該事先向觀眾表達(dá)清楚。即使面對(duì)相對(duì)困難或刁鉆的問(wèn)題，也要禮貌回應(yīng)，你可以重新組織一個(gè)問(wèn)題，把提問(wèn)引到你熟悉的領(lǐng)域，也可以用其它問(wèn)題的答案回答不同的問(wèn)題。征求一下臺(tái)下觀眾的看法也是可行的。
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這里有一些 Inviting questions 鼓勵(lì)大家來(lái)提問(wèn)
Now I'll try to answer any questions you may have.
Can I answer any questions?
Are there any questions?
Do you have any questions?
Are there any final questions?
4. 實(shí)例對(duì)比 【市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷-Persona】
話題：向Gemma（人名）介紹Persona的定義以及其作用。
普通版Presentation
I will introduce the persona（消費(fèi)者人像，一個(gè)商科術(shù)語(yǔ)） part for Gemma, as she’s kind of interested in this and surely this marketing method could help her business in some perspectives.
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Firstly, bury that in mind that persona is a fictitious person representing a targeted customer group. That means companies need to create the persona through their own hand based on the analyses of target customers. It is an effective way to transfer abstract notions into concrete interpretation through visualizing who the customer really is. Also, persona often creates reflections of customers’ demand and then enhances digital marketing strategy, such as positioning (Chaffey, 2010).
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However, when it comes to persona, as Manning suggests (2003), companies need to be careful because it might create the unnecessary bias for customers. What’s more, it can be difficult to measure a broad range of audience and gather information through marketing research.

As a result, although persona is a quite appropriate business approach, we suggest Gemma would place more emphasis on it at later stages of her business.
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解析：這是一個(gè)典型中國(guó)同學(xué)的演講內(nèi)容，通過(guò)一些特定詞匯可以看得出來(lái)，比如What ‘smore以及Firstly。當(dāng)然，該同學(xué)的演講稿內(nèi)容是OK的，因?yàn)樗私庾约旱挠^眾，并且讓自己的詞匯達(dá)到了觀眾能夠理解的范圍（特別是商科里面的一些屬于，比如target customers group, positioning等等）。
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但是，這個(gè)演講只是一次“普通”的演講。之所以定義這個(gè)演講是普通的，是因?yàn)檎w演講過(guò)于平鋪直敘，沒(méi)有起承轉(zhuǎn)合，也沒(méi)有想要去抓住觀眾的注意力。純粹在表達(dá)著自己的觀點(diǎn)，卻忽略了與觀眾的交流。同時(shí)，他也犯了一個(gè)大家很容易犯的錯(cuò)誤，就是將演講理解成了口頭敘述的論文，這個(gè)是可以從里面的“as Manning suggests (2003)”，這樣的citation 出現(xiàn)在論文里沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但是如果演講者將這句話說(shuō)出來(lái)，就有點(diǎn)呆呆的感覺(jué)。引用的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)在演講中只需要附在最后一張幻燈片里即可。
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進(jìn)階版Presentation
So, we are aware that you’re looking into gaining a better understanding of what a persona actually consists of in the business world. A simple definition would be that a persona is a fictitious person (or group of people) representing a targeted customer group for a business.
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Companies will create a persona in accordance with the type of business they operate and by analyzing its target customers. It can be an effective way for companies to visualize and really understand who their customers are.
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Personas can also form a representation of customers’ demand: This can facilitate the digital marketing strategy, for instance in its target segment positioning (Chaffey, 2010).
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However, when it comes to personas, companies need to be careful because it might create an unnecessary bias regarding their potential customers. Furthermore, it can also be difficult to precisely measure a broad range of a customer base and gather all the information through market research.
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As a result, although creating personas can be an efficient business approach, we suggest that you place more emphasis on this at a later stage of the business and for now, focus your energy and time on other business tasks. www.sblunwen.com
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解析：這一個(gè)進(jìn)階版可以明顯感覺(jué)得到與觀眾互動(dòng)的意思。第一句“we’re aware that you’re…”就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)之前所說(shuō)的構(gòu)建與觀眾的無(wú)形交流橋。同時(shí)，進(jìn)階版的層次更加分明，邏輯更加清晰。雖然普通版用了Firstly之類的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，但是層次感還是缺乏了一點(diǎn)。
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P.S 其實(shí)這兩個(gè)版本都是小編自己寫(xiě)的演講稿，普通版是小編的第一稿，進(jìn)階版是小編在改了三次之后的最終定稿。這里想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的還是proof reading 的重要性，你在每一次完成一個(gè)演講稿以后你都需要進(jìn)行proof reading。看看自己的演講內(nèi)容是否符合咱們之前討論過(guò)的要求，同時(shí)還要結(jié)合具體的演講題目進(jìn)行校對(duì)。否則，可能就會(huì)出現(xiàn)普通稿子里面的一些小問(wèn)題。

選自：https://www.360lunwenku.com/overseas/presentation/29755.html