一、學(xué)習(xí)情況總結(jié)

今日任務(wù)
今天目標(biāo)√：
背單詞+聽(tīng)力短文+閱讀短文4篇（?? ??? ）4
寫點(diǎn)畫點(diǎn)什么（?? ???? ）1
學(xué)期強(qiáng)國(guó)打卡（?? ???? ）1
論文,寫作方法+英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力閱讀 （? ???? ）6
限時(shí)閱讀（?? ?? ）2
梳理-當(dāng)代教育學(xué)知識(shí)框架? （?? ???? ）1
運(yùn)動(dòng) 一一下-（?? ???? ）1
核酸+買菜+備菜? （? ???? ）3

二、感悟與心情

早上五點(diǎn)就被做核酸的廣播喊醒了
但一想到起來(lái)寫論文
感覺(jué)壓力好大
內(nèi)容還有很多沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備
所以說(shuō)，行動(dòng)起來(lái)~一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)來(lái)~

別光想，行動(dòng)起來(lái)，只談理論沒(méi)有意義，行動(dòng)起來(lái)才能走出去。

三、今日論文學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享

明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)化學(xué)系的卡爾教授，團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表文章400篇，對(duì)論文寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享。

?Hi. I'm professor Carr, University of Minnesota department of chemistry. I'd like to talk to you this afternoon about how to go about writing a research paper. Over the years, I and my group have produced about 400 papers and working with new graduate students. I've learned that there's a lot of fear and trepidation at the same time excitement about writing a research paper, especially the first one. And I want to see if I can make it an enjoyable and productive experience for you. I believe that doesn't take that much time to produce a first draft, and that's what I'm gonna focus on this afternoon. Is how to produce a first draft, which is really important. I think one of the biggest problems in writing a research paper, certainly the first one is is suppressing the urge to procrastinate and put off beginning the work. And that's part of my strategy in the way I approach writing research papers.

嗨。我是明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)化學(xué)系的卡爾教授。今天下午我想和你談?wù)勅绾沃謱懸黄芯空撐摹６嗄陙?lái)，我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)表了大約400篇論文，并與新的研究生一起工作。我明白了，寫一篇研究論文，尤其是第一篇，在興奮的同時(shí)，也有很多恐懼和不安。我想看看我能不能給你一次愉快而富有成效的經(jīng)歷。我相信這并不需要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間來(lái)制作初稿，這就是我今天下午要關(guān)注的。如何寫出初稿，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。我認(rèn)為寫研究論文的最大問(wèn)題之一，當(dāng)然是第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是抑制拖延和推遲開(kāi)始工作的沖動(dòng)。這是我寫研究論文的策略之一。

So before you get ready to write the paper, there are some important preliminaries. Number one, you should review your own notes that you've taken on, papers that you've read, that are relevant to the work that you're writing up. You should renew your literature search. This is very important to have this done before you start writing your paper.

所以在你準(zhǔn)備寫論文之前，有一些重要的準(zhǔn)備工作。第一，你應(yīng)該回顧你自己的筆記，你讀過(guò)的論文，這些都與你正在寫的工作有關(guān)。你應(yīng)該重新進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)檢索。在你開(kāi)始寫論文之前，這是非常重要的。

The second preliminary issue is very important, and it goes back to high school. And that is you need to determine who your audience is, I'm sure you were taught this way back when this is important in writing up a research paper, you need to know what the purpose of the paper is. Is it a research paper? Is it a review paper? Is it a tutorial paper? What journal is it intended for? Are the primary readers of the paper going to be undergraduates or researchers? But as always, with any paper, the real primary reader is the reviewer. These are the gatekeepers, and it is very important that you address their concerns. The more you can get them addressed in the first draft, the better off you are finally getting the paper published. So preliminaries don't count for the weekend that you're gonna write your paper. You've got to have your preliminary, he's done.

第二個(gè)初步問(wèn)題非常重要，它要追溯到高中。那就是你需要確定你的讀者是誰(shuí)，我相信你以前學(xué)過(guò)這一點(diǎn)，這在寫研究論文時(shí)很重要，你需要知道論文的目的是什么。是研究論文嗎？這是一篇評(píng)論論文嗎？是輔導(dǎo)論文嗎？它是為什么雜志準(zhǔn)備的？論文的主要讀者是本科生還是研究人員？但和往常一樣，對(duì)于任何報(bào)紙來(lái)說(shuō)，真正的主要讀者是審稿人。這些都是看門人，您必須解決他們的顧慮，這非常重要。你越能在初稿中解決這些問(wèn)題，你最終發(fā)表的論文就越好。所以準(zhǔn)備工作不算在你寫論文的那個(gè)周末。你必須有你的初步，他已經(jīng)完成了。

Okay. Now, before getting into the details, I want you to understand what I consider to be the big picture. First of all, pre producing your initial draft is the creative part of the job. And what I want you to do, what I think you need to do is resist the temptation to correct mistakes as you produce this first draft. Your job now, is to produce a Complete first draft, not a perfect first draft. Editing is the second stage of the work. It is the critical thinking, analytical part of the job. And editing at this point. Before you completed your first draft is a waste of time, fixing a sentence and making it perfect if it never appears in the paper, because it turns out to be irrelevant is a waste of time.

好的。現(xiàn)在，在進(jìn)入細(xì)節(jié)之前，我想讓你了解我所認(rèn)為的大局。首先，預(yù)先制作你的初稿是工作的創(chuàng)造性部分。我想讓你們做的是，我認(rèn)為你們需要做的是在寫初稿的時(shí)候抵制糾正錯(cuò)誤的誘惑。你現(xiàn)在的工作是寫出完整的初稿，而不是完美的初稿。編輯是工作的第二階段。這是批判性思維，分析工作的一部分。并在此時(shí)進(jìn)行編輯。在你完成你的初稿之前是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，修改一個(gè)句子并使其完美，如果它從未出現(xiàn)在論文中，因?yàn)樗蛔C明是不相關(guān)的，這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

Over the years, i've developed an algorithm, and i've talked a number of my colleagues, and many of them use the same algorithm. It runs roughly as follows. Number one, just get started, don't procrastinate, get something down on paper. Number two, you need to work from an outline. The reason an outline is important is you may not finish the paper in one sitting. You probably won't finish the paper in one sitting. And if you've got an outline, you can pick the workup back where you finished for. You're not gonna have to read it over. You're gonna know where to begin. The third part of this is that the outline is easy to do. So it's actually fun to write an outline. Before you have a paper to write in your head, you've got your data, you've got your your tables of data, you've got your figures, take those and put them in order, arrange them in some logical sequence, much like you might arrange them for a talk.

多年來(lái)，我開(kāi)發(fā)了一種算法，我與許多同事交談過(guò)，他們中的許多人都使用相同的算法。它大致運(yùn)行如下。第一，馬上開(kāi)始，不要拖延，把一些東西寫在紙上。第二，你需要從大綱開(kāi)始工作。大綱之所以重要，是因?yàn)槟憧赡軣o(wú)法一口氣完成論文。你可能不會(huì)一口氣完成論文。如果你有一個(gè)大綱，你可以在你完成的地方拿回你的工作。你不需要再讀一遍。你會(huì)知道從哪里開(kāi)始。第三部分是大綱很容易做。所以寫提綱其實(shí)很有趣。在你腦子里有一篇論文要寫之前，你已經(jīng)有了數(shù)據(jù)，你已經(jīng)有了數(shù)據(jù)表格，你有了數(shù)字，把它們按順序排列，按照某種邏輯順序排列它們，就像你在演講中排列它們一樣。

And that list of paper, that list of figures and tables in order is really the outline for the paper.

那份文件清單，那份按順序排列的圖表清單實(shí)際上是論文的大綱。

Now the next point is the following. Do not write the introduction to the paper at this time. The introduction is the hardest part of a paper to write. So don't start there, because you're the urge to procrastinate is gonna kick in again. The easiest part of the paper to write is the experimental. It's the part of the paper that you're most familiar with. You've done the experiments how they would done. So write the experimental, and you will be moving forward. It's an easy part to write. The next part of the paper that I would focus on would be the results and discussion following the outline that you created from your list of figures and your list of tables. And this is a little bit more difficult to write than the experimental, but you're really getting started.

現(xiàn)在下一點(diǎn)是以下內(nèi)容。不要在這個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)懻撐牡囊浴Ｒ允钦撐闹凶铍y寫的部分。所以不要從那里開(kāi)始，因?yàn)槟阃涎拥臎_動(dòng)會(huì)再次發(fā)作。論文中最容易寫的部分是實(shí)驗(yàn)部分。這是論文中你最熟悉的部分。你已經(jīng)做了他們會(huì)怎么做的實(shí)驗(yàn)。所以寫實(shí)驗(yàn)，你就會(huì)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。這部分很容易寫。我將關(guān)注的論文的下一部分將是你從你的圖表列表和表格列表中創(chuàng)建的大綱之后的結(jié)果和討論。這比實(shí)驗(yàn)更難寫，但你真的開(kāi)始了。

Now. Basically, you've got a draft consisting of the experimental and the result results and discussion. Once that's done, the really hard part of writing kicks in. And that's doing the hard critical editing, but you got the first draft. That's the important thing. Now, the critical part is when you convert that into clear, concise and coherent English, and make sure that the science that you've written is correct, the final part of the algorithm is the cleanup. Write the conclusions. Personally, I like conclusions or summaries that is a numbered format, conclusion, one, conclusion, two, conclusion three, where these are quite clearly separated from one another. It's easy to see the contributions of the work.

現(xiàn)在?；旧?，你已經(jīng)得到了一份由實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和討論結(jié)果組成的草稿。一旦完成，寫作中真正困難的部分就開(kāi)始了。這是在做艱難的批判性編輯，但你得到了初稿。這才是最重要的?，F(xiàn)在，關(guān)鍵的部分是當(dāng)你把它轉(zhuǎn)換成清晰，簡(jiǎn)潔和連貫的英語(yǔ)，并確保你所寫的科學(xué)是正確的，算法的最后部分是清理。寫下結(jié)論。就我個(gè)人而言，我喜歡結(jié)論或總結(jié)，那是一種編號(hào)的格式，結(jié)論，一，結(jié)論，二，結(jié)論三，它們彼此之間有很明顯的區(qū)別。很容易看出這項(xiàng)工作的貢獻(xiàn)。

Now we have to do the introduction. There are two very important things that need to be covered into in the introduction. Number one, why was the study done? What is its purpose? Number two, you've got to collect the relevant, essential background Information and put that together in the introduction. You need to be able to give the readers a sufficient background to understand what you did. The very last step in following this out, this algorithm is producing the references for the paper. Actually, I think it's a good idea for you to write some notes. As you go through the the first drafted manuscript, indicating what references might be needed, what they would be about, but not to stop and collect the references at that time, because it's just gonna interrupt the entire flow of the work. But when the manuscript is just about finished, you need to get the exact references so that the reviewers and the readers can really find the Information. Without trouble. It's extremely annoying to reviewers and readers when these are not done properly.

現(xiàn)在我們要做介紹。有兩件非常重要的事情需要在介紹中介紹。第一，為什么要做這項(xiàng)研究？它的目的是什么？第二，你必須收集相關(guān)的、必要的背景信息，并將其放在介紹中。你需要能夠給讀者一個(gè)足夠的背景來(lái)理解你所做的。接下來(lái)的最后一步，這個(gè)算法是為論文產(chǎn)生參考文獻(xiàn)。事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為你寫些筆記是個(gè)好主意。當(dāng)你瀏覽第一份草稿時(shí)，指出可能需要的參考文獻(xiàn)，它們是關(guān)于什么的，但不要在那個(gè)時(shí)候停下來(lái)收集參考文獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)檫@只會(huì)打斷整個(gè)工作流程。但當(dāng)手稿即將完成時(shí)，你需要得到確切的參考資料，以便審稿人和讀者能夠真正找到信息。沒(méi)有麻煩。當(dāng)這些沒(méi)有做好的時(shí)候，這對(duì)評(píng)論家和讀者來(lái)說(shuō)是非常惱人的。

So basically you've got the job done now, and I wanna leave you with a few final words. There's an old saying attributed to sir Francis Bacon, reading makeup the full man conference already man and writing an exact man. Each of those things that we do in doing science, we talk to our other, our fellow scientists, we go to conferences a lot of reading, but in producing a paper for publication, that's when we want to focus on our critical skills. When we want to make sure that our scientific arguments are correct and logical. So writing is the most exacting part of what we do as a scientist. Some final points, always review the manuscript requirements for the journal of interest. There's no . in a paper that doesn't follow the manuscript requirements. It will probably be returned unreviewed with a semi nasty note from the editor um.

所以基本上你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了工作，我想給你留下幾句最后的話。弗朗西斯·培根爵士曾說(shuō)過(guò)一句老話：“閱讀《化妝》、《完整的人》、《已經(jīng)是人了》和《寫一個(gè)精確的人》?！蔽覀?cè)谧隹茖W(xué)研究時(shí)所做的每一件事，我們與其他科學(xué)家同行交談，我們參加會(huì)議，大量閱讀，但在發(fā)表論文時(shí)，我們要專注于我們的關(guān)鍵技能。當(dāng)我們想要確保我們的科學(xué)論證是正確的和合乎邏輯的時(shí)候。因此，寫作是我們作為科學(xué)家所做的工作中最嚴(yán)格的部分。一些最后的要點(diǎn)，總是審查感興趣的期刊的稿件要求。沒(méi)有。在一篇不符合稿件要求的論文中。它可能會(huì)在未經(jīng)審查的情況下被退回，并附上編輯的一張半討厭的便條。

Really, finally, I want to leave you with a few references on writing. There is some classic books here. There are some books very relevant to writing a paper on chemistry. And I want to point out AA wonderful, short paper by professor Royce Murray, the former editor of the journal analytical chemistry, skillful writing of an awful research paper, seven rules to follow. This little paper is a gem, it and mock style tells you the worst things you can do in writing a manuscript. I hope that you'll find this helpful. It was a pleasure being here. Some reviewers get real bent that in shape.

真的，最后，我想給你們留下一些關(guān)于寫作的參考資料。這里有一些經(jīng)典書籍。有一些書與寫化學(xué)論文非常相關(guān)。我想指出羅伊斯·默里教授的一篇精彩的短文，他是《分析化學(xué)》雜志的前任編輯，一篇糟糕的研究論文的巧妙寫作，要遵循的七條規(guī)則。這篇小論文是一塊寶石，它和模擬風(fēng)格告訴你在寫手稿時(shí)你能做的最糟糕的事情。我希望這對(duì)你有所幫助。很高興來(lái)到這里。一些評(píng)論家在形狀上變得非常彎曲。