英語中最常用的詞根詞綴 用心總結版
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上表又可濃縮成一首五言詩:
上下中前后
里外肯否定
共同總分離
程度通重復
單雙十百千
萬分多一半
首位自立善
優(yōu)惡大微遠
1、詞根
1) aer, ar, 含義是“空氣,大氣” aeroplane, aerial,
2) ag, act, ig, 含義是“做,動作” active, agent, reaction,
3) alt, 含義是“高”,?altitude
4) alter, altern, altr, 含義是“其它,變更” alternate,
6) brev, bri, brief, 含義是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(節(jié)略)
7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含義是“取,獲” capture, except, concept, capacity
8) ced, ceed, cess, 含義是“行,讓步” proceed, succeed, excess(過度)
9) centr, centr, 含義是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
10) claim, 含義是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim
11) clos, clud, 含義是“閉合” conclude, enclose, include
12) col, cult, 含義是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture
13) cor, cord, 含義是“心” cordial, record, accord
14) curr, cur, cour, 含義是“跑,動作” current, occur, concurrence(同時發(fā)生)
15) dic, dict, 含義是“說,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
16) doc, doct, 含義是“教” doctor, document.
17) duc, duct含義是“引導,傳導” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推論)
18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含義是“做,創(chuàng)造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect
19) fend, fens, 含義是“打,擊” defence, offence
20) fer, 含義是“搬運,移轉” ferry, transfer, defer(遲延)
21) fin, finit, 含義是“終,極” final, finish, confine
22) firm, 含義是“堅固” firm, confirm, affirm(斷定)
23) fix, 含義是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)
24) flect, flex, 含義是“彎曲” flexible, reflex
25) flor, flour, flower, 含義是“花” flower, flourish
26) form, 含義是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform
27) forc, fort, 含義是“力,強度” force, enforce, effort
28) gen, genit, 含義是“生產(chǎn),發(fā)生” generate, generation
29) gram, graph, 含義是“書寫,記錄” telegram, diagram, photograph
30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含義是“步,階段” gradually, degree, progress
31) hab, habit, hibit, 含義是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
32) her, hes, 含義是“粘附” adhere, cohesion
33) ject, jet, 含義是“拋射” project, inject
34) jour, 含義是“日,一天” journal(日記), journey, adjourn(延期)
35) jug, junct, 含義是“結合,連合” conjunction, junction(連合)
36) labour, labor, 含義是“勞動,工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate
37) lect, leg, lig, 含義是“挑選,采集” collect, select, lecture
38) lif, liv, 含義是“生活,生存” life, alive, live
39) loc, 含義是“場所,位置” location, dislocate(脫位)
40) long, leng, ling, 含義是“長的” length, prolong, linger
41) loqu, locut, 含義是“說話” colloquial, eloquent,
42) mand, mend, 含義是“命令” command, demand, recommend
43) man, manu, 含義是“手,手法” manage, manual
44) memor, menber, 含義是“記憶” memory, remember, memorial
45) mind, ment, 含義是“心” mind, remind, mental
46) merc, merch, 含義是“貿(mào)易” commerce, merchant
47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含義是“測量,度量” measure, meter, diameter
48) min, 含義是“小” diminish, minority
49) miss, mit, 含義是“派遣,送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
50) mob, mot, mov, 含義是“動” movement, motion, mobile, remove
51) nect, nex, 含義是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
52) not, 含義是“記號,注意” note, denote, annotation(注釋)
53) onom, onym, 含義是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous
54) pair, par, 含義是“a)相同,對等b)準備” compare, prepare
55) pel, puls, 含義是“追逐” expel, impel(推進)
56) pend, pens, pond, 含義是“懸掛” depend, independent, expense(支付)
57) phon, 含義是“聲音” symphony, telephone, microphone
58) plac, 含義是“位置,場所” place, replace
59) peopl, popul, publ, 含義是“人民,民眾” public, republic, popular, people
60) port, 含義是“搬運” export, import, deport(輸送)
61) press, 含義是“壓,壓制” pressure, express, oppress, impression
62) prob, proof, prov, 含義是“實驗,驗證” prove, approve,
63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含義是“尋找,探問” inquiry, question, inquisition(調(diào)查,追究)
64) rang, rank, 含義是“排列” arrange, rank
65) rect, right, rig, 含義是“正,直” correct, direct, erect
66) riv, 含義是“河流,流遠”,river, arrive, derive
67) rupt, 含義是“破壞,毀壞” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
68) sci, 含義是“認識,知識” science, conscious
69) scrib, script, 含義是“書寫,記錄” describe, script
70) sens, sent, 含義是“感覺,情感” sensation, sentiment
71) sign, 含義是“標記,符號” signal, signature, design
72) sembl, simil, 含義是“相似,類似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
73) soci, 含義是“結合,社交” social, association
74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含義是“看,視” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect
75) struct, 含義是“建筑,構造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
76) tect, teg, 含義是“遮蔽,掩蓋” detect, protect
77) temp, tens, 含義是“時間,時機” tense, contemporary, temporal
78) tend, tes, tent, 含義是“傾向, 伸張” tendency, intension, extend, intend
79) test, 含義是“證明,證實” testify, protest, contest(爭論)
80) text, 含義是“編織,?構成” textile, texture, context
81) tract, trail, 含義是“拖拉,吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收縮)
82) tribut, 含義是“給予” contribution, distribute
83) us, ut, 含義是“用,使用” usable, utilize, abuse
84) vac, van, 含義是“空,虛” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
85) vad, vas, wad, 含義是“走,去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)
86) vers, vert, 含義是“旋轉,反轉” convert, inversion(倒轉),?reverse, divert(使轉向)
87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含義是“觀看,看見” television, visible, evident, interview, survey
88) viv, vit, 含義是“生,活” vivid, vital, survival
89) war, ward, 含義是“注意,保護” aware, wary(謹慎),?ward(守護)
90) way, 含義是“路” way, away, subway, always
二、詞綴
(一)前綴
1.表示否定意義的前綴
1)純否定前綴
a-, an-, asymmetry(不對稱)anhydrous(無水的)
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, nonsense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示"錯誤"的意義
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失調(diào))
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience(偽科學)
3)表示"反動作"的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解調(diào))
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示"相反,相互對立"意思
anti-, ant- antiknock(防震), antiforeign(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)
ounter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2.表示空間位置,方向關系的前綴
1)a-表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside
2)by-表示“附近,鄰近,邊側” bypath, bypass(彎路)
3)circum-, circu-,表示“周圍,環(huán)繞,回轉” circumstance, circuit
4)de-,表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade
5)en-,表示“在內(nèi),進入” encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-,表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-,表示“額外” extraction (提取)
8)fore-表示“在前面” forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-,表示“向內(nèi),在內(nèi),背于” inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-,表示“在……間,相互” international, interaction, internet
11)intro-,表示“向內(nèi),在內(nèi),內(nèi)側” introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-,表示“中,中間” Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward
14)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-,表示"向后,在后邊,次” postscript(附言)
16)pre-,表示"在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-,表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-,表示“在下面,下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-,表示“在…..之上” superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-,表示“移上,轉上,在那一邊” translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-,表示“在…..下面,下的” underline, underground, underwater
22)up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示時間,序列關系的前綴
1)ante-, anti-,表示“先前,早于,預先” antecedent, anticipate
2)ex-,表示“先,故,舊” expresident, exhusband
3)fore-,表示“在前面,先前,前面” foreward, dorecast, foretell(預言)
4)mid-, medi-,表示“中,中間” midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表示“在后,后” postwar
6)pre-, pri-,表示“在前,事先,預先” preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-,表示“在前,先,前” prologue(序幕),prophet(預言家)
8)re-,表示“再一次,重新” retell, rewrite
4.表示比較程度差別關系的前綴
1)by-,表示“副,次要的” byproduct, bywork(副業(yè))
2)extra-,表示“超越,額外” extraordinary
3)hyper-表示“超過,極度” hypersonic(超聲波), hypertesion(高血壓)
4)out-,表示“超過,過分” outdo(超過), outbid(出價過高的人)
5)over-,表示“超過,過度,太” overeat, overdress, oversleep
6)sub-, suc-, sur-,表示“低,次,副,亞” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亞熱帶)
7)super-, sur-表示“超過” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣,低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生產(chǎn)不足)
9)vice-表示“副,次” vicepresident, vicechairman
5.表示"共同,相等"意思的前綴
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-表示“共同,一起”。?connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,共,和,類” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6.表示"整個、完全"意思的前綴
1)al-表示“完整,完全”alone, almost
2)over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充滿)
3)pan-表示“全,總,萬”panentheism(泛神論),panorama
7.表示"分離,離開"意思的前綴
1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分離,離開” away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)de-表示“離去,處去”depart, decolour
3)dis-, di-, dif-,表示“分離,離開” divorce, disarm(繳械)
4)ex-, e-,表示“離開,分離”expel, exclude, expatriate(驅逐出境)
5)for-表示“離開,脫離”forget, forgive
6)表示“離開”release, resolve
7)表示“分離,隔離”separate, seduce, select
8.表示"通過,遍及"意思的前綴
1)dia-,表示“通過,橫過”diameter, diagram
2)per-, pel-,表示“通,總,遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
3)trans-,表示“橫過,貫通”transparent, transmit, transport
9.表示"加強"意思的前綴
a-, arouse, ashamed
ad-, adjoin, adhere(粘著)
10.表示變換詞類作用的前綴(一般由名詞或形容詞變換為動詞)
be-, befriend
en-, enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)
11.表示數(shù)量關系的前綴
1)表示“單一”,“一”
mon-, mon-, monotone(單調(diào)),monopoly, monarch
uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(單細胞)
2)表示“二,兩,雙”
ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(兩棲類)
bi-, bicycle
di-, diode(二級管)
twi-, twilight
3)表示“十”
deca-, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals
4)表示"百,百分之一"
hecto-, hect-, hectometer,
centi-, centimeter
5)表示"千,千分之一”
kilo-, kilometer
6)表示"萬,萬分之一”
myria-, myri-, myriametre
mega-, meg-, megabyte
micro-, microvolt (微伏特)
7)表示"許多,復,多數(shù)”
multi-,mult-, multipmetre (萬用表)
poly-,polysyllable,
8)表示“半,一半”
hemi-, hemisphere demi-, demiofficial
semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent
pene-, pen-, peninsula(半島)
12.表示特殊意義的前綴
1)arch-,表示“首位,第一的,主要的”architect, archbishop
2)auto-,表示“自己,獨立,自動”automobile, autobiography
3)bene-,表示“善,?!眀enefit
4)eu-,表示“優(yōu),美好”eugenics(優(yōu)生學),euphemism
5)male-,mal-表示“惡,不良”maltreatment, malodor,
6)macro-,表示“大,宏大”macroscopic(宏觀)
7)magni-,表示“大”magnificent
8)micro-,表示“微”microscope
13.表示術語的前綴
1)aud-,表示“聽,聲”audience,
2)bio-,表示“生命,生物”biography(傳記)
3)ge-,表示“地球,大地”geography
4)phon-,表示“聲,音調(diào)”phonograph
5)tele-,表示“遠離”television, telephone
(二)后綴
1.名詞后綴
(1)具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人
1)-an, -ain,表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian
2)-al,表示"具有……職務的人" principal
3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student(由study派生來)
4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art,表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸張者)
6)-arian,表示"……派別的人,?……主義的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary,表示"從事……的人" secretary, missionary
8)-ant,表示"具有……職責的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投機者)
10)-crat,表示"某種政體,主義的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee,表示"動作承受者"(動作施行者為加er)employee, examinee
12)-eer,表示"從事于……人" engineer, volunteer
13)-er,表示"從事某種職業(yè)的人,某地區(qū),地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese,表示" ……國人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese(廣東人)
15)-ess,表示"陰性人稱名詞,?actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,從事……職業(yè)的人”Christian, physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生),musician
18)-ician,表示"精通者,?……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist,表示"……家,?…….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic,表示"……者,……師" mechanic, critic
21)-ie,表示"愛,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier,表示"從事……職業(yè)” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黃銅匠)
23)-ine, ian,表示"陰性人稱" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist,表示"從事……研究者,信仰……主義者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive,表示"動作者,行為者” native, captive
26)-logist,表示"……學家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地質學家)
27)-or,表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(賭徒),songster
29)-yer,表示"從事……職業(yè)者” lawyer
(2)構成具有抽象名詞的含義
1)-acy,表示"性質,狀態(tài),境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age,表示"狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結果,總稱" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al
a)表示"事物的動作,過程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b)表示具體的事物?manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示"性質,狀況,行為,過程,總量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency,表示"性質,狀態(tài),行為,過程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility,表示"動作,性質,狀態(tài)" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft,表示"工藝,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治國之策)
8)-cracy,表示"統(tǒng)治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy,表示"性質,狀態(tài),職位,級別" bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)),supremacy
10)-dom,表示"等級,領域,狀態(tài)" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry,表示"行為,狀態(tài),習性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety,表示"性質,狀態(tài)” variety, dubiety(懷疑)
13)-faction, -facture,表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood,表示"資格,身份,年紀,狀態(tài)" childhood, manhood, falsehood
15)-ice,表示"行為,性質,狀態(tài)" notice, justice, service
16)-ine,表示"帶有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing,表示"動作的過程,結果" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示"行為的過程,結果,狀況" action,solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise,表示"性質,狀態(tài)” exercise, merchandise(商業(yè))
20)-ism,表示"制度,主義,學說,信仰,行為" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity,表示"性質,狀態(tài),程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment,表示"行為,狀態(tài),過程,手段及其結果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony,表示"動作的結果,狀態(tài)" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness,表示"性質,狀態(tài),程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our,表示"動作,性質,狀態(tài)" favor, error,
26)-osity,表示"動作,狀態(tài)” curiosity
27)-ship,表示"情況,性質,技巧,技能及身份,職業(yè)” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th,表示"動作,性質,過程,狀態(tài)" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude,表示"性質,狀態(tài),程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure,表示"行為,結果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手續(xù))
31)-y,表示"行為的結果,狀態(tài),性質” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3)帶有場所,地方的含義
1)-age,表示"住所,地點" village, cottage
2)-ary,表示"住所,場地" library, granary (谷倉)
3)-ery, -ry,表示"工作場所,飼養(yǎng)所,地點" laundry, nursery, surgery(手術室)
4)-ory,表示"工作場所,住處" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4)帶有學術,科技含義
1)-grapy,表示"……學,寫法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, -ics,表示"……學……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology,表示"……學……論”biology, zoology, technology(工藝學)
4)-nomy,表示"……學……術" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生態(tài)學)
5)-ery,表示"學科,技術" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y,表示"……學,術,法” photography, philosophy
(5)表示人和事物的總和,集合含義
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新聞界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(內(nèi)閣)
5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物質名稱的含義
1)-ant,-ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(畫報)
3)-ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(綢緞)
6)-ing, clothing, matting
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7)表示“細小”的含義
1)-cle, particle
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, -etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
2.形容詞后綴
(1)帶有“屬性,傾向,相關”的含義
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, -ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, -ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)
(2)表示“相象,類似”的含義
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含義
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent
(4)表示由某種物質形成,制成或生產(chǎn)的含義
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous????3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含義
1)-ern, eastern, western????2)-ward, downward, forward
(6)表示“倍數(shù)”的含義
1)-ble, double, treble???2)-ple, triple????3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7)表示“數(shù)量關系”的含義
1)-teen, thirteen?????2)-ty, fifty?????3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示國籍,語種,宗教的含義
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish
(9)表示“比較程度”的含義
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含義
-less,表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3.動詞后綴
1)-ize, -ise,表示"做成,變成,……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en,表示"使成為,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate,表示“成為……,處理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4.副詞后綴
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise