【史海溯源】“星期”的由來概要：Nordic mythology in?the word Week.

如今，我們都已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了一周七天的生活模式。最早將一周劃分為七天的是古巴比倫人，他們將七天與金、木、水、火、土五大行星以及日、月相對應(yīng)，這是人類歷史上最早的一周七天表示法。

西方文明：

古巴比倫文明所劃分的一周七天表示法很快傳至古羅馬及周邊地區(qū)。最初以所發(fā)現(xiàn)星體名字命名，即：

dies Sōlis(太陽)

dies Lūnae(月亮)

dies Martis(火星)

dies Mercuriī(水星)

dies Iovis(木星)

dies Veneris(金星)

dies Saturnī(土星)

古羅馬人結(jié)合自己的文化元素將古羅馬神話當(dāng)中的眾神與七天相對應(yīng)，即：

Helios(Sol)：雷神索爾對應(yīng)的星期日

Selene(Luna)：月神盧娜對應(yīng)的星期一

Ares(Tiu)：戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯對應(yīng)的星期二

Hermes(Mercury)：神使墨丘利對應(yīng)的星期三

Zeus(Jupiter)：眾神宙斯對應(yīng)的星期四

Aphrodite(Venus)：愛神阿芙洛狄忒對應(yīng)的星期五

Cronus(Saturn)：神王克洛諾斯對應(yīng)的星期六

這也是英語Sunday到Saturday的最早由來。由于歐洲不同地區(qū)的文化差異，在其后的發(fā)展過程中逐漸衍生出“禮拜”的概念，因此今天的“星期”也有“禮拜”之說。(星期日=禮拜日)

中國文明：

中國是人類歷史上最早產(chǎn)生“七曜”概念，即金、木、水、火、土、日、月的文明，這一體系早在夏商時期便已存在。但是作為“星期”這一概念而言，中國的”七曜“更多的時候是作為天文學(xué)概念而引出的，即我國古代星象所劃分的金、木、水、火、土、日、月所對應(yīng)的行星，對于其之后所衍生出的”九曜“、”二十八正曜“等概念也都與”星期“并不相關(guān)聯(lián)。由此可以看出在中國文化當(dāng)中對于”星期”的概念其實并不清晰。

大約在唐玄宗時期，不空三藏法師所著《文殊師利菩薩及諸仙所說吉兇時日善惡宿曜經(jīng)》(以下簡稱《宿曜經(jīng)》)傳入中國，西方“七曜”學(xué)說與中國“七曜”學(xué)說有機融合，使中國開始認(rèn)知“一周七日”這一概念，后成為我們對一周七日的固定稱謂并沿用至今(明末清初)。

古代日本：

日本平安時期，不空三藏法師所著的《宿曜經(jīng)》由空海法師經(jīng)中國傳至日本。古代日本將“七曜”對應(yīng)的七天命名為日曜日(星期天)，月曜日(星期一)，火曜日(星期二)，水曜日(星期三)，木曜日(星期四)，金曜日(星期五)，土曜日(星期六)并沿用至今。

圖片素材來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)

資料素材來源于百度百科、搜狗百科、wikipedia等。

資料素材參考文獻(xiàn)：Richards E G. Mapping time : the calendar and its history[M]. Oxford University Press, 1999.

It was transmitted to China in the 8th century by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand). Tang-era adoption is documented in the writings of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yi Jingand the Ceylonese Buddhist monk Bu Kong. According to the Chinese encyclopaedia Cihai (辭海), there is some evidence that the system had been adopted twice, the first time already in the 4th century (Jin dynasty), based on a reference by a Jin era astrologer, Fan Ning (範(fàn)寧/范寧). The Cihai under the entry for ”seven luminaries calendar”(七曜歷/七曜曆) has: ”method of recording days according to the seven luminaries [七曜]. China normally observes the following order: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Seven days make one week, which is repeated in a cycle. Originated in ancient Babylon (or ancient Egypt according to one theory). Used by the Romans at the time of the 1st century AD, later transmitted to other countries. This method existed in China in the 4th century. It was also transmitted to China by Manichaeans in the 8th century from the country of Kang?in Central Asia.”(translation after Bathrobe's Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese & Vietnamese, plus Mongolian and Buryat.

Leland, S. Copeland (April 1939). “Sources of the Seven-Day Week”. Popular Astronomy. XLVII (4): 176 ff. Bibcode:1939.P47.175.

A review of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism:Amoghavajra and the Ruling Elite, by Geoffrey C. Goble.

Inagaki H. Hakeda Yoshito S. (tr.): Kūkai: major works, translated, with an account of his life and a study of his thought. (Records of Civilization: Sources and Studies, No. LXXXVII; UNESCO Collection of Representative Works, Japanese Series.) xv, 303 pp. New York [J]. Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies, 1973, 36(3):708-709.

Tanabe G J. Review of: Abe Ryuichi, The Weaving of Mantra: Kukai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse[J]. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 2001.

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