論文干貨 ||論文寫作先寫好Introduction！
introduction在論文里是最難寫、最耗時(shí)同時(shí)也是最重要的部分，作為正文的開頭，Introduction部分通過呈現(xiàn)研究課題所折射的研究理論來說服目標(biāo)讀者。?
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不同于Abstract, 引言部分字?jǐn)?shù)上沒有嚴(yán)格的局限性，但是內(nèi)容方面要求在對(duì)應(yīng)的選題上更加精準(zhǔn)和明確。
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引言通常需要承接摘要部分提出的幾個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)方向來展開話題，從比較寬泛的學(xué)術(shù)背景鋪墊逐漸過渡到論文的研究課題
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寫作基本原則
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（1）簡(jiǎn)潔明了，邏輯性強(qiáng)，層層遞進(jìn)。
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對(duì)本領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)在研究狀況進(jìn)行總結(jié)時(shí)，introduction有別于discussion，在introduction中不需要展開深入討論、比較。Introduction 的邏輯需要打好提綱，再開始寫作，可以極大減少寫作的時(shí)間。
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（2）時(shí)態(tài)準(zhǔn)確：
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概述中的研究背景通常會(huì)引用相關(guān)學(xué)科中廣為接受的原理或事實(shí)，以及你所做研究的重要性，這些通常采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
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例如：Genomics provides crucial information for rational drug design.
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在概述中也可能引用與你從事項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的一些研究結(jié)果，為表達(dá)你對(duì)該研究結(jié)果仍堅(jiān)信其正確性及相關(guān)性，即使已經(jīng)是很久以前的研究結(jié)果，可使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
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例如：Many of the lakes and wetlands in the region are located in craters or valleys blocked by early Pliocene lava flows (Ollier & Joyce, 1964).
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Garcia (1993)?suggested?that under certain conditions, an individual’s deposit income?is?the same as the income from purchased national debt, thus changes in the amount of bank loans and deposits caused by changes in the amount of reserves?will?eventually affect the bond price.
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需要注意的是如果引用的是一些已經(jīng)過時(shí)或失效的科研結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞要使用過去時(shí)。
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例如：Nineteenth-century physicians held that women got migraines because they were "the weaker sex," but current research shows that the causes of migraine are unrelated to gender. （注意這里從過去時(shí)態(tài)過渡到現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）
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Introduction經(jīng)典的三段式結(jié)構(gòu)
（1）描述研究主題的背景和重要性
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（2）概述研究項(xiàng)目的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題，具體解釋你的研究將如何解決過往文獻(xiàn)中的空缺、對(duì)該主題考慮不足或文獻(xiàn)中的其他缺陷
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（3）表明你的研究在理論、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和/或政策方面具有更廣泛的貢獻(xiàn)和影響。
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introduction常用句型
確定主題的重要性
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Recently, there has been renewed interest in …
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Recent developments in …?have heightened the need for
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The past decade has seen the rapid development of …?in many?fields …
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確定研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的爭(zhēng)議
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Debate continues about the….?for…
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This concept has recently been challenged by …?studies?
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The debate about …h(huán)as gained further prominence with many arguing that
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Scholars have long debated the …
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解釋以往研究不足
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Previous studies of …?have not dealt with …
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Researchers have not treated …?in much detail
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Most studies in the field of …?have only focused on …
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Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
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The research to date has tended to focus on …?rather than …
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當(dāng)前研究目的
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The specific objective of this study was to …
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An objective of this study was to investigate …
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This thesis will examine the way in which the …
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This study set out to investigate the usefulness of …
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This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …
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This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of …
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The objectives of this research are to determine whether …
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描述研究方法
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Data for this study were collected using …
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This investigation takes the form of a case study?of the …
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By employing qualitative modes of inquiry, I attempt to illuminate the …
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Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …
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Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.?
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A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y,?and Z material to establish …
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描述研究意義
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This study provides new insights into …
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This work will generate fresh insight into …
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Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
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It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of …
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This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring …
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Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating …
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描述研究局限性
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The thesis does not engage with …
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This study is unable to encompass the entire …
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Establishing X is beyond the scope of this study.?
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A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.?
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The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on …
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Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.?
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Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of…
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參考來源：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/413741536
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/379850731
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/154299044
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28405665
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/367660372
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本文來源：科學(xué)指南針
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