在一波又一波的熱浪“攻擊”下，不少國(guó)家都刷新了以往的高溫紀(jì)錄，各國(guó)民眾也開始了花樣避暑大賽。

科學(xué)家近日表示，極端高溫正將人體對(duì)溫度的耐受推向極限，這將使部分地區(qū)不再適宜人類居住。

Extreme global temperatures are pushing the human body “close to thermal limits”, according to a climate scientist.

一位氣候科學(xué)家表示，全球極端氣溫正將人體推向“高溫極限”。

Record-breaking heat has swept through Europe this week with temperatures?topping?40C in a number of countries.

本周，破紀(jì)錄的高溫席卷歐洲，一些國(guó)家的氣溫超過40攝氏度。

• top [t?p]：v.超過（某一數(shù)量）；高過

However, in places such as South Asia and the Persian Gulf, people are already enduring temperatures reaching up to 54C.

然而，在南亞和波斯灣等地，人們?nèi)淌艿母邷匾堰_(dá)54攝氏度。

Despite all the body's thermal efficiencies, these areas could soon be?uninhabitable, according to Loughborough University climate scientist Dr Tom Matthews in The Conversation.

拉夫堡大學(xué)氣候科學(xué)家湯姆·馬修斯博士在The Conversation網(wǎng)站上說，盡管人體的熱效率很高，但這些區(qū)域可能很快就不宜居住了。

• uninhabitable [?n?n'h?b?t?b(?)l]：adj.不適宜居住的

When air temperature exceeds 35C, the body relies on sweating to keep core temperatures at a safe level. However, when the “wet bulb” temperature – which reflects the ability of moisture to evaporate – reaches 35C, this system no longer works.

當(dāng)氣溫超過35攝氏度時(shí)，身體依靠流汗來將核心溫度保持在安全水平。然而，當(dāng)反映水分蒸發(fā)能力的“濕球溫度”達(dá)到35攝氏度時(shí)，該機(jī)能就不再起作用了。

wet bulb temperature：濕球溫度，通過在相關(guān)的傳感器或溫度計(jì)上包裹濕布來測(cè)量。人體通過汗水蒸發(fā)來保持內(nèi)部溫度平衡，當(dāng)環(huán)境濕球溫度高到某個(gè)值時(shí)，人體就不能通過出汗來維持體溫。

“The wet bulb temperature includes the cooling effect of water evaporating from the thermometer, and so is normally much lower than the normal (“dry bulb”) temperature reported in weather forecasts,” Dr Matthews wrote.

馬修斯博士寫道：“濕球溫度包括溫度計(jì)的水分蒸發(fā)冷卻效果，因此通常比天氣預(yù)報(bào)中的正常（干球）溫度低得多?！?/span>

“Once this wet bulb temperature?threshold?is crossed, the air is so full of water vapor that sweat no longer evaporates,” he said.

他說：“一旦濕球溫度超過閾值，空氣中就充滿了水蒸氣，汗水就不再蒸發(fā)了?！?/span>

• threshold ['θre???ld]：n.門檻；臨界值

This means the human body cannot cool itself enough to survive more than a few hours.

這意味著人體不能自我降溫，這種情況持續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)就能危及生命。

“Without the means to?dissipate?heat, our core temperature rises,?irrespective ofhow much water we drink, how much shade we seek, or how much rest we take,” he explained.

他解釋說：“如果沒有散熱的方法，人體的核心溫度就會(huì)上升，不管我們喝了多少水，在陰涼地方呆了多久，或者休息了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。”

• dissipate ['d?s?pe?t]：vt.浪費(fèi)；使…消散

• irrespective of：無論，不考慮的

Some areas – which are among the most densely populated on Earth – could pass this threshold by the end of the century, according to Dr Matthews.

馬修斯博士說，地球上人口最密集的一些地區(qū)的濕球溫度可能會(huì)在本世紀(jì)末突破這一閾值。

With climate change starting to profoundly alter weather systems, rising temperatures could soon make parts of the world uninhabitable.

隨著氣候變化開始深度改變天氣系統(tǒng)，不斷上升的氣溫可能很快使部分地區(qū)不宜居住。

If electricity can be maintained, living in chronically heat-stressed conditions may be possible but a power outage could be catastrophic.

如果能維持電力供應(yīng)，長(zhǎng)期生活在高熱狀況下是可能的，但停電可能造成災(zāi)難性后果。

In a recent paper published in?Nature Climate Change, Dr Matthews and his team looked at the probability of a “grey swan” event in the case of extreme heat coinciding with massive blackouts.

在最近發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上的一篇文章中，馬修斯博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了極端高溫和大范圍停電同時(shí)發(fā)生的“灰天鵝”事件的可能性。

Mega blackouts sometimes follow powerful?tropical cyclones. Researchers found that dangerously hot temperatures during a period with no electricity could have catastrophic consequences.

強(qiáng)熱帶氣旋過后，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)大范圍停電。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在停電時(shí)，危險(xiǎn)的高溫會(huì)帶來災(zāi)難性的后果。

• tropical cyclone：熱帶氣旋

“We looked at tropical cyclones, which have already caused the biggest blackouts on Earth, with the months-long power failure in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria among the most serious,” Dr Matthews wrote.

馬修斯博士寫道：“我們研究了熱帶氣旋，它們已經(jīng)造成了地球上范圍最大的停電，其中，颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞過后波多黎各持續(xù)數(shù)月的停電屬于最為嚴(yán)重之列?！?/span>

“We found that as the climate warms, it becomes ever more likely that these powerful cyclones would be followed by dangerous heat, and that such compound hazards would be expected every year if global warming reaches 4C.

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著氣候變暖，這些強(qiáng)大的氣旋之后更有可能出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)的高溫，如果全球升溫達(dá)到4攝氏度，預(yù)計(jì)每年都會(huì)出現(xiàn)這兩種相伴而來的危險(xiǎn)。”

“During the emergency response to a tropical cyclone, keeping people cool would have to be as much a priority as providing clean drinking water.”

“在應(yīng)對(duì)熱帶氣旋的緊急應(yīng)對(duì)措施中，讓人們保持涼爽應(yīng)該與提供清潔飲用水一樣成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急?！?/span>

Heat-stressed countries are likely to see the largest absolute increases in humid-heat and they are often the least well-prepared to deal with the hazard. This could drive mass migration, which would make heat a worldwide issue – even for countries that are not experiencing?scorching?temperatures.

高溫國(guó)家很可能出現(xiàn)最嚴(yán)重的濕熱絕對(duì)值增加，而這些國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)這種危險(xiǎn)往往準(zhǔn)備最不充分。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模的人口遷移，并將使高溫成為全球性問題，即使對(duì)那些沒有經(jīng)歷高溫的國(guó)家也是如此。

• scorching?['sk??t???]：adj.灼熱的；激烈的

Dr Matthews wrote: “The challenges ahead are stark. Adaptation has its limits. We must therefore maintain our global perspective on heat and pursue a global response, slashing greenhouse gas emissions to keep to the Paris warming limits.

馬修斯博士寫道：“未來的挑戰(zhàn)是嚴(yán)峻的。適應(yīng)有其局限性。因此，我們必須保持對(duì)高溫的全球視角，并采取全球應(yīng)對(duì)措施，削減溫室氣體排放，遵守《巴黎協(xié)定》的全球變暖上限。”

“In this way, we have the greatest chance of?averting?deadly heat – home and abroad.”

“這樣，我們才會(huì)有最大可能在全球范圍內(nèi)避免致命的高溫?！?/span>

• avert [?'v??t]：vt.避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移

編輯：許雅寧

來源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語新聞（ID：Chinadaily_Mobile）

運(yùn)營(yíng)實(shí)習(xí)生：徐瀟銳