★★★★★

先看題：

1. The?primary?purpose?of the passage is to 主旨目的，看框架

2. The author of the passage quotes Urban and Sherzer most probably?in order to? 結(jié)構(gòu)，定位他倆支持引號(hào)內(nèi)

3. According to the passage, Hill and Spicer define nations as which of the following? 直接細(xì)節(jié)? ??

文章框架：

①According to Hill and Spicer, the term “nation-state” is a misnomer, since?the ideal model of a monolingual, culturally homogeneous state has never existed, not even among Europeans, who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world. ②Modern European states, they argue,?emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations (i.e., specific ethnic groups) to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories. ③The term “nation-state”, Hill and Spicer argue,?obscures?the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.”?④The resurgence of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction of the state,” as?Urban and Sherzer?suggest;?rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.

①

↓

②

↓

③

↓

④

1. The?primary?purpose?of the passage is to

A. discuss issues relating to a form of political organization by raising doubts about the terminology used to refer to it?

B. trace?changes?in a form of political organization by examining the?evolution?of the terminology used to refer to?無(wú)關(guān)/沒(méi)有證據(jù)?

C.?justify?the continued use of an established term for an evolving form of political organization 相反?

D. question the accuracy of a?new?term for a form of political organization?無(wú)關(guān)/相反?

E. compare?two terms for a form?of political organization?沒(méi)有證據(jù)?

文章講解：

①According to Hill and Spicer, the term “nation-state” is a?misnomer[劍1]?, since the ideal model of a monolingual, culturally homogeneous state has never existed, not even among Europeans, who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world.[劍2]??②Modern European states, they argue, emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations (i.e., specific ethnic groups) to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories.[劍3]??③The term “nation-state”, Hill and Spicer argue, obscures the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.”?[劍4]??④The resurgence?[劍5]?of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction?[劍6]?of the state,” as Urban and Sherzer suggest; rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric?[劍7]?beliefs and practices?upon which?conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state”?in which?conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution?[劍8]?or cultural assimilation[劍9]?into the dominant ethnic group.[劍10]?

[劍1]?[,m?s'nom?]?a wrong or unsuitable name

[劍2]觀點(diǎn)，單一民族國(guó)家壓根不存在

[劍3]順承觀點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)代歐洲國(guó)家起源于一個(gè)民族在政治領(lǐng)土內(nèi)統(tǒng)治了其他民族

[劍4]順承觀點(diǎn)，所以這個(gè)就忽略了文化語(yǔ)言的多樣性，而統(tǒng)治民族國(guó)家更確切

[劍5]復(fù)蘇

[劍6]司法權(quán)；審判權(quán)；管轄權(quán)

[劍7]?[,?θno's?ntr?k] 種族[民族，集團(tuán)]優(yōu)越感的〔含貶義〕

[劍8] [,p?s?'kj???n] (尤指因宗教、政治信仰或種族而遭受的)?迫害

[劍9]同化

[劍10]會(huì)揭露以前不好的事實(shí)，對(duì)多數(shù)民族產(chǎn)生威脅，不敢造次，所以給少數(shù)民族帶來(lái)更多享有平等權(quán)利的機(jī)會(huì)，而不會(huì)是帶來(lái)迫害或者文化同化的后果。

根據(jù)難度平衡原則，文章難題目一般都容易。

這一篇最難的應(yīng)該就是最后一句了，其實(shí)看不懂內(nèi)容一樣可以解題。

我們就把最后一句的后半句，拿出來(lái)做個(gè)解析：

... the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.

2. The author of the passage quotes Urban and Sherzer most probably?in order to??他倆支持引號(hào)內(nèi)

A. introduce a discussion?of the legal ramifications?[劍1]?of?expanding?the nation-state concept?沒(méi)有證據(jù)

B. summarize a claim about one possible effect of asserting cultural differences within a state?符合

C. shift the focus of discussion from internal threats that states face to?external threats?that they face?沒(méi)有證據(jù)

D. point out?similarities?between the?threats?to states seen by Urban and Sherzer and those seen by Hill?相反

E. describe one way an ethnocentric practice has affected?attempts?to assert cultural differences within a state?種族中心論會(huì)影響在國(guó)家承認(rèn)文化差異的嘗試，無(wú)關(guān)/相反

?

?[劍1]衍生后果，派生影響

3. According to the passage, Hill and Spicer define nations as which of the following? 直接細(xì)節(jié)????

A. coalition[劍2]?s of distinct ethnic groups with?similar concerns?沒(méi)有證據(jù)

B. Distinct ethnic groups?

C. Culturally homogeneous states?相反

D. Linguistically diverse states?無(wú)關(guān)

E. Territorially bounded states?無(wú)關(guān)

?

?[劍2]聯(lián)合，聯(lián)盟