Parallelism - Mechanical Consideration —— 平行式

1. 平行式的特征——特征詞

1. 多元素組成的特征詞（either…or…）

2. 單元素組成的特征詞（逗號(hào)，and，or）

2. 解決平行式的方法論

• 尋找特征詞

• 了解特征詞最右方的結(jié)構(gòu)（介賓？動(dòng)賓？）

• 按需在左方找到對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)，便算為一個(gè)平行式（完美與不完美之分）

3. 例題

1. sloth：修飾成分可以不跟主語動(dòng)作平行，但特征詞左右的修飾成分需要平行

2. hand sign：定語從句要平行，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞也可以組成不完美平行

3. argue：要看到平行成分的前置插入，比如 They argue as frequently and about the same topics as the couple living next door to them

4. dioxins：修飾成分的結(jié)尾不能是介詞，the restaurant we ate at改成the restaurant at which we ate

Usage of Compared to/with —— 短語”Compared to/with“的用法

1. 首先，這兩個(gè)沒區(qū)別；

2. 若有其他表示”比較“的表達(dá)，就不要再用compared類短語了，造成冗余；

3. 例題

• B when A是指當(dāng)A為真時(shí)，B才為真，在概率上說，無論怎么樣都是真的。

• 數(shù)據(jù)要跟數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì)，不能compared to 年份 或者 unlike 年份

• 數(shù)據(jù)不能夠主動(dòng)比較，所以伴隨型“, comparing”是錯(cuò)的

• with 20% 是不符合常規(guī)語言習(xí)慣的

1. population（迷惑題）：

   Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O'Hare International Airport is twice?as much as that which is being emitted annually by all?motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
   
   (A) as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
   (B) as much annually as is emitted by the
   (C) as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
   (D) that emitted annually by all
   (E) that emitted annually compared to the

A. as that which is being emitted annually by all –?that which is redundant and being emitted is inelegant.
B. as much annually as is emitted by the –?annually can not be separated from emitted; as much annually as is emitted is wrong word order.
C .as much compared to what is annually emitted by all –?wrong idiom; a comparison stared with -as- should be completed with-?as [/b]-
D. that emitted annually by all –?perfect parallelism and crisp language; amount of pollutant [b]emitted annually?by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is matched by?that emitted annually?by all motor vehicles – This is the right choice
E. that emitted annually compared to the –?wrong; comparing emission with motor vehicles.