The reign of Augustus: the golden age, poets and poems

Publius Vergilius Maro (Virgil) 70-19 B.C.

• Aeneid (written 30-19 B.C.) by Virgil
• Georgics (37-30 B.C.)
• Eclogues (42-37 B.C.) (both of them were about countryside and rural areas)

Theme: the somber dignity of Rome's past

Dactylic Hexameter

• Hexameter: a six foot line
• Dactyl: a poetic foot which consists of one long and two short beats
• The fifth foot of a dactylic hexameter line is always a dactyl,

Aeneas carried his father on his back to flee the burning Troy.

Quote from The Aeneid, Book I, Line 33, meaning it was a big burden to found Rome and we did it.

Ovid, 43 B.C. - 18 A.D.; kind of playful as opposed to Virgil

• Amores, "The Loves" (ca. 20 B.C.)
• Ars Amatoria, "The art of Love" (1 B.C.)
• Metamorphoses (1 A.D.); an epic-scale encyclopedia of mythical mythology

Horace, 65-8 B.C.; sage, urbane and epicurean

Macaenas, Patron of Horace

Titus Livius (Livy) 59 B.C. - 17 A.D.; wrote prose to construct the past of Romans

The Silver Age (after Augustus): A time when history was written, bu also philosophy, rhetoric, and satire.

Cornelius Tacitus (Tacitus) ca. 55 - ca. 117 A.D.; an imperial historian, with cunning, discerning and trenchant judgement of individuals; Republican to his core, hated tyranny and tyrants

• De vita Julii Agricola, or "On Britain" (98 A.D.)
• De origine et situ Germanorum, or "On Germnay" (98 A.D.)
• Historiae, or "Histories" (109 A.D.)
• "Annals" (109 A.D.)

Suetonius ca. 70 - 140 A.D.

Lives of the Twelve Caesars (De Vita Caesarum) ca. 110 A.D. by Suetonius fi

Lucan 39-65 A.D., Spanish

Pharsalia (61 A.D.), verse account of the civil wars of the late Republican period

Senaca 4 B.C. - 65 A.D., the great popularizer of stoicism

Marcus Aurelius Ruled 161-180 A.D.; emperor and stoic philosopher

Meditations 167 A.D.

Quintilian ca. 35 - ca. 100 A.D.

Institutions of Oratory (Institutio Oratoria) ca. 110 A.D.; the standard manual of rhetorical art

Lucian ca. 125- ca. 200 A.D.; Syrian, wrote satires

Juvenal ca. 60 - ca. 136 A.D.; wrote trivia about the poor; excoriated people's despicable treatment of each other

Martial ca. 40 - 104 A.D.; wrote satirical epigrams

Architectural achievement, master in civil engineering

• Pont du Gard aqueduct
• Hadrian's Wall
• Pantheon
• Flavian amphitheater; Colosseum