背景、符號標(biāo)記等見序言

37.1 Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii coniurationis fuerant, sed omnino cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat.

洛：This insanity was not confined to those who were implicated in the plot, but the whole body of the commons through desire for change favoured the designs of Catiline.

試：The insane thoughts not only belonged to those had been conscious of the conspiracy, but to all plebs as a whole approved the attempted of revolution for the eagerness of Catiline.

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37.2 Id adeo more suo videbatur facere.

洛：In this very particular they seemed to act as the populace usually does;

試：It seemed to act in plebs’?custom so far.

思考：

1. suo指代前一個分句的主語。

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37.3 Nam semper in civitate, quibus opes nullae sunt, bonis invident, malos extollunt, vetera odere, nova exoptant, odio suarum rerum mutari omnia student, turba atque seditionibus sine cura aluntur, quoniam egestas facile habetur sine damno.

洛：for in every community those who have no means envy the good, exalt the base, hate what is old and established, long for something new, and from disgust with their own lot desire a general upheaval. Amid turmoil and rebellion they maintain themselves without difficulty, since poverty is easily provided for and can suffer no loss.

試：For always in a state to whom no wealth belongs, they envy the good men, raise the bad men, have hated the old things, much desire the new things, are eager with hatred that all of their things is changed, are nourished without worry by riot and mutinies, because indigence is easily held without loss.

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37.4 Sed urbana plebes, ea vero praeceps erat de multis causis.

洛：But the city populace in particular acted with desperation for many reasons.

試：But the plebs of city, they were indeed headlong for many reasons.

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37.5 Primum omnium, qui ubique probro atque petulantia maxume praestabant, item alii per dedecora patrimoniis amissis, postremo omnes, quos flagitium aut facinus domo expulerat, ii Romam sicut in sentinam confluxerant.

洛：To begin with, all who were especially conspicuous for their shamelessness and impudence, those too who had squandered their patrimony in riotous living, finally all whom disgrace or crime had forced to leave home, had all flowed into Rome as into a cesspool.

試：First of all, who greatly stood out for disgrace and sauciness in any where, also with others who abandoned their inheritance through dishonour, at last all men whom shame or crime expelled from home, they flew together into Rome just as into bilge water.

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37.6 Deinde multi memores Sullanae victoriae, quod ex gregariis militibus alios senatores videbant, alios ita divites, ut regio victu atque cultu aetatem agerent, sibi quisque, si in armis foret, ex victoria talia sperabat.

洛：Many, too, who recalled Sulla's victory, when they saw common soldiers risen to the rank of senator, and others become so rich that they feasted and lived like kings, hoped each for himself for like fruits of victory, if he took the field.

試：Second, many men remembering of Sulla’s victory, because they saw some become senators from military ranks, other thus become so rich that they spent their age in the way and the care of kings, each one hoped such things from victory if he would be among the soldiers.

思考：

1. 此處的條件分句像是在表示“相對于過去的將來”？見A&G516.f。

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37.7 Praeterea iuventus, quae in agris manuum mercede inopiam toleraverat, privatis atque publicis largitionibus excita urbanum otium ingrato labori praetulerat.

洛：Besides this, the young men who had maintained a wretched existence by manual labour in the country, tempted by public and private doles had come to prefer idleness in the city to their hateful toil;

試：Besides, the young, who tolerated poverty in fields with pay of hands, excited by the private and public free giving, they preferred the leisure of city to the unpleasant labour.

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37.8 Eos atque alios omnis malum publicum alebat. Quo minus mirandum est homines egentis, malis moribus, maxuma spe, rei publicae iuxta ac sibi consuluisse.

洛：these, like all the others, battened on the public ills. Therefore it is not surprising that men who were beggars and without character, with illimitable hopes, should respect their country as little as they did themselves.

試：Public hurt nourished them and all the others. By that way it is less surprised that the needy men, with bad morals and great expectation, consulted the interests of the state and themselves equally.

思考：

1. rei publicae...consuluisse指這些人輕視（揮霍）國家的利益，就像他們輕視自己的一樣。（不宜理解為：把國家的利益當(dāng)作自己的利益看待）

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37.9 Praeterea, quorum victoria Sullae parentes proscripti, bona erepta, ius libertatis inminutum erat, haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant.

洛：Moreover, those to whom Sulla's victory had meant the proscription of their parents, loss of property, and curtailment of their rights, looked forward in a similar spirit to the issue of a war.

試：Besides, of whom with Sulla’s victory, parents had been proscribed, wealth had been robbed, right of liberty had been lessened, they expected the result of war with a mind by no means different at all.

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37.10 Ad hoc, quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari rem publicam quam minus valere ipsi malebant.

洛：Finally, all who belonged to another party than that of the senate preferred to see the government overthrown rather than be out of power themselves.

試：In addition, whoever were of different parts and of the senate, they preferred the state to be thrown into disorder rather than themselves to be less powerful.

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37.11 Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem revorterat.

洛：Such, then, was the evil which after many years had returned upon the state.

試：At this time, this evil had returned to the state after many years.

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段落大意 (37)：

除了陰謀的策劃者外，幾乎全體公民也贊成這場暴動。因為他們是一無所有、無所顧忌的：那些奢侈成性而道德敗壞的人，懷念蘇拉式勝利的人，好逸惡勞的人，以及之前受到蘇拉打擊的人?？傊?，所有不支持元老院的人結(jié)成了強大的惡意。

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38.1 Nam postquam Cn. Pompeio et M. Crasso consulibus tribunicia potestas restituta est, homines adulescentes summam potestatem nacti, quibus aetas animusque ferox erat, coepere senatum criminando plebem exagitare, dein largiundo atque pollicitando magis incendere, ita ipsi clari potentesque fieri.

洛：For after the tribunician power had been restored in the consulship of Gnaeus Pompeius and Marcus Crassus, various young men, whose age and disposition made them aggressive, attained that high authority they thereupon began to excite the commons by attacks upon the senate and then to inflame their passions still more by doles and promises, thus making themselves conspicuous and influential.

試：For after the tribune power was restored in the consulate of Gneaus Pompeius and Marcus Crassus; young men accidentally obtained the highest power, to whom age and mind was daring, they began to excite plebs by slandering the senate, then to kindle them more by giving freely and making promises, thus they were made famous and powerful.

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38.2 [Contra eos] (summa) ope nitebatur (pleraque) nobilitas [senatus specie] [pro sua magnitudine].

洛：Against these men the greater part of the nobles strove with might and main, ostensibly in behalf of the senate but really for their own aggrandizement.

試：Most nobles exerted with the utmost power against them, in the semblance of the senate, on behalf of their rank.

思考：

1. 注意確定修飾詞和中心語！屬格名詞置于其支配者之前似乎是薩盧斯特的習(xí)慣？

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38.3 Namque, uti paucis verum absolvam, post illa tempora quicumque rem publicam agitavere honestis nominibus, alii sicuti populi iura defenderent, pars quo senatus auctoritas maxuma foret, bonum publicum simulantes pro sua quisque potentia certabant.

洛：For, to tell the truth in a few words, all who after that time a assailed the government used specious pretexts, some maintaining that they were defending the rights of the commons, others that they were upholding the prestige of the senate; but under pretence of the public welfare each in reality was working for his own advancement.

試：And for, as I shall complete the truth with a few words, after that time, all people put the senate into violent motion with honourable names, there were some just as they defended the rights of people, and part of people to whom the authority of the senate was the biggest, everyone representing public wealth contended for his own power.

思考：

1. pars quo...foret似乎是特征關(guān)系從句？但結(jié)合上下文這句話的“虛擬”意味很強，也可能是其他類型的副詞從句？

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38.4 Neque illis modestia neque modus contentionis erat: utrique victoriam crudeliter exercebant.

洛：Such men showed neither self-restraint nor moderation in their strife, and both p parties used their victory ruthlessly.

試：To them there was neither restraint nor manner of the competing: both worked cruelly for the victory.

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段落大意 (38)：

因為在龐培和克拉蘇當(dāng)選執(zhí)政官，恢復(fù)保民官的權(quán)力后，許多年輕人通過討好民眾，抨擊元老院而取得名利。而大多數(shù)貴族打著元老院的旗號與他們對抗，但實際上是為了自己的利益斗爭。雙方為了勝利都不擇手段。

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39.1 Sed postquam Cn. Pompeius ad bellum maritumum atque Mithridaticum missus est, plebis opes inminutae, paucorum potentia crevit.

洛：When, however, Gnaeus Pompeius had been dispatched to wage war against the pirates and against Mithridates, the power of the commons was lessened, while that of the few increased.

試：But after Gneaus Pompeius was sent to war on sea and of Mithridates, resources of plebs was impaired, power of a few people was increased.

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39.2 Ei magistratus provincias aliaque omnia tenere; ipsi innoxii, florentes, sine metu aetatem agere ceterosque iudiciis terrere, quo plebem in magistratu placidius tractarent.

洛：These possessed the magistracies, the provinces and every-thing else; being themselves rich and secure against attack, they lived without fear and by resort to the courts terrified the others, in order that while they themselves were in office they might manage the people with less friction.

試：They held magistracies, provinces and all other things; they were unharmed, flourishing, lived without fear and terrified the rest people with trials, so that they would deal with plebs more calmly in office.

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39.3 Sed ubi primum dubiis rebus novandi spes oblata est, vetus certamen animos eorum adrexit.

洛：But as soon as the political situation became doubtful, and offered hope of a revolution, then the old controversy aroused their passions anew.

試：But as soon as the hope of making revolution was showed with the uncertain situation, old contest excited their minds.

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39.4 [Quod si primo proelio Catilina superior aut aequa manu discessisset], [profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset; neque <illis>, (qui victoriam adepti forent), [diutius] ea [uti licuisset, {quin [defessis et exsanguibus], (qui plus posset), imperium atque libertatem extorqueret}]].

洛：If Catiline had been victor in the first battle, or had merely held his own, beyond a doubt great bloodshed and disaster would have fallen upon the state; nor would the victors have been allowed for long to enjoy their success, but when they had been worn out and exhausted, a more powerful adversary would have wrested from them the supreme power and with it their freedom.

試：And if Catiline had gotten away with higher or fair power from the first battle, great damage and loss would certainly have crushed the state; and not to those men, who would have obtained victory, that would have been longer as it would have been allowed that someone who was more able would extort power and liberty from the tired and bloodless.

思考：

1. 整個句子是條件句，條件分句是quod si...discessisset，結(jié)論分句是profecto...oppressisset; neque...extorqueret。過去完成虛擬式表示過去時間，條件與事實相反。

2. neque...extorqueret分句省略了動詞esse。

3. qui...forent和qui...posset都是特征關(guān)系從句。

4. quin的用法不典型：它沒有接在表示疑慮、拒絕、組織的動詞后，也不是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或特征從句。筆者姑且將之理解為引導(dǎo)licuisset后的實詞從句，暗示了先前“他們的勝利不會長久”？

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39.5 Fuere tamen extra coniurationem complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt. In iis erat Fulvius, senatoris filius, quem retractum ex itinere parens necari iussit.

洛：Yet even as it was, there were many outside the ranks of the conspiracy who, when hostilities began, went to join Catiline. Among them was Fulvius,a senator's son, who was brought back and put to death by order of his father.

試：There were still many men out of the conspiracy, who proceeded to Catiline in the beginning. In those men there was Fulvius, son of senator, whom his parent ordered to be killed from the road.

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39.6 Isdem temporibus Romae Lentulus, sicuti Catilina praeceperat, quoscumque moribus aut fortuna novis rebus idoneos credebat, aut per se aut per alios sollicitabat, neque solum civis, sed cuiusque modi genus hominum quod modo bello usui foret.

洛：All this time at Rome Lentulus, following Catiline's directions, was working, personally or through others, upon those whom he thought ripe for revolution by disposition or fortune——and not merely citizens, but all sorts and conditions of men, provided only that they could be of any service in war.

試：At that time in Rome, Lentulus the same, just as Catiline had anticipated, believed whoever to be suitable to the revolution for their habits and fortune, he incited through himself or others, not only citizens, but human races of each kind which was useful only to war.

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段落大意 (39)：

在龐培被派出對外作戰(zhàn)后，平民的力量被削弱而貴族的權(quán)力增強。后者看似平穩(wěn)的統(tǒng)治眼下正受到喀提林的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管他沒有十足的把握，也未必是最后的勝利者，但很多人還是加入了他的隊伍，朗圖路斯也按照他的計劃盡力招攬人手。

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40.1 Igitur P. Umbreno cuidam negotium dat, uti legatos Allobrogum requirat eosque, si possit, inpellat ad societatem belli, existumans publice privatimque aere alieno oppressos, praeterea quod natura gens Gallica bellicosa esset, facile eos ad tale consilium adduci posse.

洛：Accordingly, he instructed one Publius Umbrenus to seek out the envoys of the Allobroges, and, if possible, entice them to an offensive alliance, thiniking that they could readily be persuaded I to such a course, since they were burdened with public and private debt; and besides the Gallic people is by nature prone to war.

試：Therefore he gave the commission to someone named Publius Umbrenus, that he sought the deputies of Allobroges and, if he was able, impelled them to an alliance of war, he was estimating that they were overwhelmed by debt publicly and privately, besides, because the Gallic race was fond of war in nature, they could easily be induced to such plan.

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40.2 Umbrenus, quod in Gallia negotiatus erat, plerisque principibus civitatum notus erat atque eos noverat. Itaque sine mora, ubi primum legatos in foro conspexit, percontatus pauca de statu civitatis et quasi dolens eius casum requirere coepit, quem exitum tantis malis sperarent.

洛：Umbrenus had carried on business with the Gauls and was personally acquainted with many of the leading men of their states; therefore as soon as he caught sight of the envoys in the Forum, he at once asked them a few questions about the condition of their country, and pretending grief at its lot, began to inquire what remedy they hoped to find for such great troubles.

試：Umbrenus, because he had carried on business in Gaul, he had been well-known to the most leaders of their cities and he had known them. Therefore, when he first caught sight of the deputies in the forum, after inquiring some about the state of their country, as if painful, he began to ask their event, what end they hoped to such great disasters.

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40.3 Postquam illos videt queri de avaritia magistratuum, accusare senatum, quod in eo auxili nihil esset, miseriis suis remedium mortem exspectare: "At ego", inquit, "vobis, si modo viri esse voltis, rationem ostendam, qua tanta ista mala effugiatis."

洛：On learning that they had complaints to make of the avarice of the magistrates, that they reproached the senate because it rendered no aid, and looked for death as the only remedy for their wretchedness, he s said: "Why, I myself, if only you will show yourselves men, will disclose a plan which will enable you to escape the great evils from which you are suffering.”

試：After he saw that those men complained about the avarice of magistrates, accused the senate, because there was no help in it, expected death as the remedy to their miseries: ”But I,”?he said, “to you, if only you wish to be men, I shall expose my business, by which you shall escaped from that great misery.”

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40.4 Haec ubi dixit, Allobroges in maxumam spem adducti Umbrenum orare, ut sui misereretur: nihil tam asperum neque tam difficile esse, quod non cupidissume facturi essent, dum ea res civitatem aere alieno liberaret.

洛：When Umbrenus had said this, the Allobroges were filled with the greatest hope and begged him to take pity on them. They declared that nothing was so dangerous or difficult that they would not joyfully undertake it, provided it would relieve their country of debt.

試：When he said this, Allobroges, persuaded to greatest hope, begged Umbrenus so that he could pity them: nothing was so severe or so difficult, which they would not made most eagerly, as soon as that thing freed their country from debt.

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40.5 Ille eos in domum D. Bruti perducit, quod foro propinqua erat neque aliena consili propter Semproniam; nam tum Brutus ab Roma aberat.

洛：Thereupon he took them to the house of Decimus Brutus, which was not far from the Forum and not unsuitable for their plot because of the presence of Sempronia; Brutus, as it happened, was away from Rome at the time.

試：He led them into the house of Decimus Brutus, because it was near to the forum and not strange to the plan because of Sempronia; for at that time Brutus had been away from Rome.

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40.6 Praeterea Gabinium arcessit, quo maior auctoritas sermoni inesset. Eo praesente coniurationem aperit, nominat socios, praeterea multos cuiusque generis innoxios, quo legatis animus amplior esset. Deinde eos pollicitos operam suam domum dimittit.

洛：He also sent for Gabinius, that what he was to say might have greater weight. When he arrived, Umbrenus disclosed the plot, named the participants, and, to give the envoys greater courage, included many guiltless men of all classes; then, after promising his assistance, he sent them home.

試：Besides he summoned Gabinius, so that more authority would be in his speech. With him being in sight, he revealed the conspiracy, named the cities, besides many innocent men of each kind, so that to the deputies the desire would be larger. Then he sent them who promised the service to their home.

思考：

1. 由于operam和domum都是陰性，誰是suam的中心語可能有歧義？

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段落大意 (40)：

朗圖路斯委托熟悉高盧人的翁布列努斯，讓他找到阿洛布羅吉斯人并嘗試拉他們?nèi)牖??？紤]到自己的債務(wù)以及翁布列努斯陳述的情況，阿洛布羅吉斯人表示愿意協(xié)助。