THE CONDITIONAL

假定式

 Use the verb ending -us to talk about non-real, imagined situations, or to make polite requests.

使用動詞結(jié)尾-us來談?wù)摲钦鎸?，想象出來的狀況

Non-real situations

非真實情形

Non-real situations are the topic of "if...then" sentences, like this one:

非真實情形是“if....then(如果....那么)”所指的句子，例如下面的句子：

Se mi estus sana, mi laborus. = If I were healthy, I would work.

如果我健康的話，我會去工作

Notice that Esperanto, unlike English,uses the -us form in both parts of the sentence - since both parts are non-real.

注意一下，不像英語，世界語在整個句子中都使用-us的形式，因為這個句子都是在描述非真實情形

We also talk about non-real situations when we express our wish for something to be different from what/how itactually is:

我們希望某物能夠和現(xiàn)實的狀況有所不同的時候，我們也用非真實情形

Se li nur estus iom pli bela! = If only he were a bit more handsome!

如果他長得再帥點

The -us ending does not carry any temporal information.

-us結(jié)尾并不攜帶任何時間上的信息（不像-as,-is,-os那樣告訴你時態(tài)）

Thus, it is possible to use the-us ending for events in the past as well. When doing so, context usually indicates that we are talking about the past:

因此，描述過去發(fā)生的事件的句子中使用-us也是可以的。當你這么做的時候，語境通常指代我們在談?wù)撨^去的事情：

Se Zamenhof scius la ?inan, Esperanto estus malsama. = If Zamenhof had known Chinese, Esperanto would be different.

如果柴門霍夫懂中文，世界語可能會變得難（學(xué)）?o men zon ven de zvej ni a ? (╯°口°)╯(┴—┴

Se vi dirus tion al mi jam hiera?, mi ne farus la eraron. = If you had told me this already yesterday, I would not have made the mistake.

如果你昨天就告訴我，我就不會犯錯了

Polite requests

禮貌的請求

 The -us form can also be used to express polite requests.

-us也能夠用來表達禮貌的請求

?u vi povus doni al mi la buteron? = Could you pass me the butter?

能把黃油遞給我嗎？

Mi ?atus iom pli da sukero. = I would like a little more sugar.

我想要多點糖

REVIEW OF -N FOR DIRECTION

回顧：用于表示方向的-n

Remember to use the -n ending when talking about a movement towards a certain place.For example

記住，當談?wù)摰剑硞€東西）移動到具體地點時，要使用-n結(jié)尾：

Metula dosierojn en dosierujon! = Put the files into a folder!

把文件放到文件夾里！

RETPO?TO VS. RETMESA?O

RETPO?TO和RETMESA?O

Retpo?to means email in general; the service that allows you to send and receive electronic messages. A message sent by retpo?to (email) is most often called retmesa?o(email).

Retpo?to是電子郵件的總稱；一種讓你傳送和接受電子信息的服務(wù)。你用電子郵箱發(fā)的信息最經(jīng)常被人叫做 retmesa?o

原文:www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Conditional

翻譯:vanilo

封面:多謝閱讀