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Quantum Computing: How To Invest In It, And Which Companies Are Leading the Way?
Contributor
Prableen Bajpai
Published
Feb 11, 2020 3:00PM EST

Nasdaq網(wǎng)站文章：如何投資量子計算，以及哪些公司在領(lǐng)路？

“Insight must precede application.” ~ Max Planck, Father of Quantum Physics

“洞察必須先于應(yīng)用。”---------量子物理之父馬克斯·普朗克

Quantum computing is no ordinary technology. It has attracted huge interest at the national level with funding from governments. Today, some of the biggest technology giants are working on the technology, investing substantial sums into research and development and collaborating with state agencies and corporates for various projects across industries.

量子計算不是普通的技術(shù)。 它在國家一級引起了極大的興趣，得到了政府的資助。 今天，一些最大的技術(shù)巨頭正在瞄準這項技術(shù)，投資大量資金進行研究和開發(fā)，并與國家機構(gòu)和公司合作，開展跨行業(yè)的各種項目。

Here’s an overview of quantum computing as well as the players exploring this revolutionary technology, and ways to invest in it.

本文是量子計算的一個概述，談?wù)撜谔剿鬟@種革命性技術(shù)的玩家，以及投資量子計算的方法。

Understanding Quantum Computing

理解量子計算

It is believed that quantum computing will have a huge impact on areas such as logistics, military affairs, pharmaceuticals (drug design and discovery), aerospace (designing), utilities (nuclear fusion), financial modeling, chemicals (polymer design), Artificial Intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, fault detection, Big Data, and capital goods, especially digital manufacturing. The productivity gains by end users of quantum computing, in the form of both cost savings and revenue opportunities, are expected to surpass $450 billion annually.

相信量子計算將對物流，軍事，制藥（藥物設(shè)計和研發(fā))，航空航天(設(shè)計)，公用事業(yè)(核聚變)，金融建模，化學品(聚合物設(shè)計），人工智能(AI)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，故障檢測，大數(shù)據(jù)和資本貨物，特別是數(shù)字制造等領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生巨大影響。 量子計算的最終用戶將以節(jié)省成本和創(chuàng)造收入機會的形式獲得生產(chǎn)收益，預計每年將超過4500億美元。

“It will be a slow build for the next few years: we anticipate value for end users in these sectors to reach a relatively modest $2 billion to $5 billion by 2024. But value will then increase rapidly as the technology and its commercial viability mature,” reports BCG.?

“未來幾年，這將是一個緩慢的發(fā)展：我們預計，到2024年這些部門的最終用戶的價值將達到相對適中的20億至50億美元。 但隨著技術(shù)及其商業(yè)可行性的成熟，價值將迅速增加?！盉CG報告。

The market for quantum computing is projected to reach $64.98 billion by 2030 from just $507.1 million in 2019, growing at a CAGR of 56.0% during the forecast period (2020–2030). According to a CIR estimate, revenue from quantum computing is pegged at $8 billion by 2027.

預計到2030年量子計算市場將達到649.8億美元，而2019年僅為5.071億美元，在預測期間（2020-2030年）的年復合增長率（CAGR）為56.0%。 根據(jù)CIR的估計，到2027年量子計算的收入將固定在80億美元。

Which Nations Are Investing In Quantum Computing?

哪些國家正在投資于量子計算？

To gain the quantum advantage, China has been at the forefront of the technology. The first quantum satellite was launched by China in 2016. A paper by The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) highlights how, “China is positioning itself as a powerhouse in quantum science.”

為了獲得量子優(yōu)勢，中國已經(jīng)走在技術(shù)前沿。 中國于2016年發(fā)射了第一顆量子衛(wèi)星。 新美國安全中心(CNAS)的一篇論文強調(diào)，“中國正在將自己定位為量子科學強國?！?/p>

Understanding the strategic potential that quantum science holds, U.S., Germany, Russia, India and European unx have intensified efforts towards quantum computing. In the U.S., President Trump established the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee in 2019 in accordance with the National Quantum Initiative Act, signed into law in late 2018, which authorizes $1.2 billion to be spent on the quantum science over the next five years.

了解到量子科學所具有的戰(zhàn)略潛力，美國、德國、俄羅斯、印度和歐盟加強了對量子計算的努力。 在美國，特朗普總統(tǒng)于2019年成立了國家量子倡議咨詢委員會，這是根據(jù)2018年底簽署的成為法律的國家量子倡議法案而成立的，該法案授權(quán)12億美元在未來五年內(nèi)用于量子科學。

The Indian government in its 2020 budget has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications with a total budget outlay of INR 8000 crore ($1.12 billion) for a period of five years while Europe has a €1 billion initiative providing funding for the entire quantum value chain over the next ten years. In October 2019, the first prototype of a quantum computer was launched in Russia while in Germany, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Europe’s leading organization for applied research, partnered with IBM for advance research in the field of quantum computing.

印度政府在其2020年預算中宣布了一個全國量子技術(shù)與應(yīng)用使命，其預算總支出為11.2億美元，為期五年。而歐洲有一個10億歐元的倡議，為未來十年的整個量子價值鏈提供資金。 2019年10月，第一個量子計算機原型在俄羅斯推出，而在德國，歐洲領(lǐng)先的應(yīng)用研究組織Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft與IBM合作，在量子計算領(lǐng)域進行了深入研究。

The Companies Leading the Way

領(lǐng)路的公司

IBM has been one of the pioneers in the field of quantum computing. In January 2019, IBM (IBM) unveiled the IBM Q System One, the world's first integrated universal approximate quantum computing system designed for scientific and commercial use. In September it opened the IBM quantum computation center in New York to expand its quantum computing systems for commercial and research activity. It has also recently invested in Cambridge Quantum Computing, which was one of the first startups to become a part of IBM’s Q Network in 2018.

IBM一直是量子計算領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)之一。 在2019年1月，IBM推出了IBMQ System One，這是世界上第一個為科學和商業(yè)用途設(shè)計的集成通用近似量子計算系統(tǒng)。 今年9月，它在紐約開設(shè)了IBM量子計算中心，以擴大其用于商業(yè)和研究活動的量子計算系統(tǒng)。 它最近還投資了劍橋量子計算，這是2018年首批成為IBMQ網(wǎng)絡(luò)一部分的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)之一。

In October 2019, Google (GOOG, GOOGL) made an announcement claiming the achievement of "quantum supremacy." It published the results of this quantum supremacy experiment in the Nature article, “Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor.” The term "quantum supremacy" was coined in 2012 by John Preskill. He wrote, one way to achieve quantum supremacy would be “to run an algorithm on a quantum computer which solves a problem with a super-polynomial speedup relative to classical computers.” The claim was countered by IBM.

2019年10月，谷歌宣布實現(xiàn)了“量子霸權(quán)?！?它在《自然》的一篇文章中發(fā)表了這一量子霸權(quán)的結(jié)果：“量子霸權(quán)使用了可編程超導處理器”，“量子霸權(quán)”一詞是由John Preskill于2012年發(fā)明的， 他寫道實現(xiàn)量子霸權(quán)的一種方法是“在量子計算機上運行一種算法來解決某個問題，相對于經(jīng)典計算機，它有超多項式的加速。”IBM抵制谷歌實現(xiàn)“量子霸權(quán)”的說法。

In addition, companies such as Microsoft (MSFT), Alibaba (BABA), Tencent (TCEHY), Nokia (NOK), Airbus, HP (HPQ), AT&T (T) Toshiba, Mitsubishi, SK Telecom, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Righetti, Biogen, Volkswagen and Amgen are researching and working on applications of quantum computing.

此外，微軟、阿里巴巴、騰訊、諾基亞、空客、惠普、AT&T、東芝、三菱、SK電信、雷聲公司、洛克希德馬丁、Biogen、大眾和Amgen等公司正在研究量子計算的應(yīng)用。

Final Word

最后的話

While quantum computing is not mainstream yet, the quest to harness its potential is on, and the constant progress made is shrinking the gap between research labs and real-world applications.

雖然量子計算尚未成為主流，利用其潛力的努力仍在繼續(xù)，但不斷取得的進展正在縮小研究實驗室與現(xiàn)實世界應(yīng)用之間的差距。