阿里·加賈尼(Ali Gajani)在mrgreek網(wǎng)站分享了12篇著名學者的博士論文，分別是居里夫人的博士論文、香濃的博士論文、納什的博士論文、德布羅意的博士論文、費曼的博士論文、愛因斯坦的博士論文、馬克思的博士論文、韋伯的博士論文、薩特蘭的博士論文、金埃里克德雷克斯勒的博士論文、維特根斯坦的博士論文、黎曼的博士論文。這12篇博士論文涵蓋物理學、化學、經(jīng)濟學、社會學、哲學、計算機科學和數(shù)學等學科。

01?放射性物質(zhì)研究所（1903）瑪麗·居里

In English, this translates to “Research on Radioactive Substances”. Marie Curie’s thesis is perhaps one of the most famous scientific document of the 20th century. The thesis documents her discovery of radioactivity materials such as radium and polonium, for which she was awarded 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics, and subsequently formed the core of her future research. She also won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.?

這篇論文記錄了她對鐳、釙等放射性物質(zhì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并因此獲得1903年諾貝爾物理學獎，隨后成為她未來研究的核心。她在1911年還獲得了諾貝爾化學獎。

02 繼電器和開關(guān)電路的符號分析（1937）?克勞德·香農(nóng)

Claude Shannon’s thesis is said to be the most significant thesis of the 20th century, because it laid down the foundations of everything that has to do with ‘digital technology’. It is in here where Claude Shannon, at the ripe age of 21, proved how Boolean Algebra could become the building block of computers. The concept of using binary properties of electrical switches is at the core of all digital circuit design. Put it simply, Shannon’s thesis showed how a bunch 0s and 1s could do magic!

克勞德·香農(nóng)的論文據(jù)說是20世紀最有意義的論文，因為它奠定了一切與“數(shù)字技術(shù)”有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)。簡而言之，香農(nóng)的論文展示了一群0和1是如何變魔術(shù)的！

03?非合作博弈（1950） 約翰·納什

John Nash. You must remember him from the movie?A Beautiful Mind?starring Russell Crowe. Nash’s thesis, titled “Non Cooperative Games” formed the building block for the Nash equilibrium, and his subsequent Nobel Prize in Economics (1994). His 28 page thesis is online and I’ve linked it in. I challenge you to read a few pages of it without getting dizzy. Nash’s handwriting is too messy. Nash still lives.?

納什的論文名為“非合作博弈”，構(gòu)成了納什均衡的基石，他隨后獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎（1994年）。

04 思河畔雷赫奇斯é量子理論（1924）德布羅意

De Broglie. The name is cool, plus he’s got swag (just look at that pose). De Broglie was one of the great theoretical physicists of the 20th century. His 1924 thesis, “On the Theory of Quanta” laid down the revolutionary idea of wave-particle duality, as applied to electrons. This idea is one of the principle ideas of quantum mechanics. De Broglie’s thesis is 70 pages long, which I believe is a short space to describe such an powerful and majestic concept. This thesis was the reason he won the Nobel Prize in Physics a mere five years later.?

德布羅意是20世紀偉大的理論物理學家之一。他1924年的論文《量子論》提出了波粒二象性的革命性觀點，并將其應用于電子。這篇論文是他在僅僅五年后獲得諾貝爾物理學獎的原因。

05 量子力學中的最小作用原理（1942）理查德·費曼

Richard Feynman’s 1942 thesis “The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics” laid down the foundation of path integral technique and the famous Feynman diagrams. Feynman diagrams are used by physicists all over the world to pictorially represent the behavior of subatomic particles with mathematical expressions. Although his thesis wasn’t the reason he won a Nobel Prize for Physics, it is very popular in the physics community. After all it’s the work of Master “Feynman”.

論文奠定了路徑積分技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)和著名的費曼圖。費曼圖被世界各地的物理學家用來用數(shù)學表達式形象地表示亞原子粒子的行為。

06 分子尺寸的新測定（1906）愛因斯坦

How can a history list be complete without the evergreen Albert Einstein? Einstein’s doctoral thesis “A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions” was instrumental in the sense that Einstein ended up with a very accurate value for the Avogadro’s number. The value was in compliance with what he and Planck had found earlier from black-body radiation. Einstein’s thesis laid down the framework for his next breakthrough work on Brownian Motion. Einstein’s doctoral thesis is his most cited work to date.?

愛因斯坦的博士論文“分子尺寸的新測定”是有幫助的，因為愛因斯坦最終得到了一個非常精確的阿伏伽德羅數(shù)。愛因斯坦的博士論文是他迄今為止引用最多的著作。

07 德謨克利特與伊壁鳩魯自然哲學的差異（1841）卡爾·馬克思

Karl Marx’s 1841 thesis titled “The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature” is a landmark work. In his thesis, Marx argues the differences Between two schools of thought that originated from Ancient Greek polymaths namely Democritus and Epicurus. It is in here where Marx debates Between “freedom and determinism”. For the philosopher in you, do check the link to his original thesis I’ve added on top.

馬克思在他的論文中論證了源于古希臘多元數(shù)學的德謨克利特和伊壁鳩魯兩個學派之間的差異。正是在這里，馬克思在“自由與決定論”之間展開了辯論。

08 新教倫理與資本主義精神（1905）馬克斯·韋伯

Max Weber is considered to be one of the founders of sociology. Weber is known for his 1905 thesis titled “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of capitalism” in which he combines economic sociology ?and the sociology of religion. Weber’s thesis discusses key issues about market-driven capitalism, cultural influences on religion and key concepts of social stratification (when groups are segmented based on their social conditions).

社會學的奠基人之一韋伯將經(jīng)濟社會學和宗教社會學結(jié)合起來。韋伯的論文討論了有關(guān)市場驅(qū)動的資本主義、文化對宗教的影響以及社會分層的關(guān)鍵概念。

09 草圖板：人機圖形通信系統(tǒng)（1963）伊萬·薩瑟蘭

Ivan Sutherland’s 1963 PhD thesis is a landmark paper in computer science and human computer interaction. As part of his thesis, Sutherland created Sketchpad, the world’s first graphical user interface or GUI program. GUI is at the core of digital computing today and how we interact with computers has become more intuitive, because of Ivan’s genius work. His thesis was not only a pioneering work in HCI (Human Computer Interaction) but it also gave birth to OOP (Object Oriented Programming), a new paradigm to creating Better software.

伊萬·薩瑟蘭1963年的博士論文是計算機科學和人機交互領(lǐng)域的一篇里程碑式的論文。由于伊萬的天才工作，我們?nèi)绾闻c計算機交互變得更加直觀。

10?分子機械與制造及其在計算中的應用（1991） 金?！だ锟恕さ吕卓怂估?/strong>

Kim Drexler’s 1991 thesis on Molecular Nanotechnology is a pioneering work for a PhD student. Well, he essentially invented the field of molecular nanotechnology with his thesis, which is a really big deal. Kim Drexler’s thesis is so influential that it gave birth to an entirely new concept of mechano-synthesis. It is in here that the idea of “nano-factories” was first proposed. Kim’s thesis has changed the way we look at nanotechnology and perhaps altered the course of how it should be used. Imagine nano robots being manufactured in your body to defeat cancer cells. Marvelous!

金·德雷克斯勒1991年關(guān)于分子納米技術(shù)的論文是博士生的開創(chuàng)性工作。金德雷克斯勒的論文是如此有影響力，它誕生了一個全新的概念機械合成。

11?邏輯哲學論著（1921） 維特根斯坦

Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractus Logico-Philosophicus (Logical-Philosophical Treatise) 1921 Cambridge thesis is perhaps his more foremost work. The examiners at Cambridge said, “This is far more superior of a work than that is expected by a PhD candidate”. Bertrand Rusell called him “a true genius that he has never seen before”. Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of 20th century’s greatest philosophers and logicians. His masterpiece 78-page thesis “Tractus”, now published as a book was his only published piece ever. “Tractus” discusses all kinds of things that might seem odd at first, but they are thought provoking – for example, things like the limits of science, the relationship Between language and reality. I’ve linked in his thesis and you should read it. It is fun because it is in the order of declarative statements (such as 1, 1.1, 1.1.x and so on) instead of arguments.

維特根斯坦1921年的《邏輯哲學論著》劍橋論文也許是他最重要的著作。劍橋大學的考官們說：“這比博士生所期望的要優(yōu)越得多?！薄?/p>

12 基于幾何學的假設(shè)（1868）?伯恩哈德·黎曼

Bernhard Riemann’s 1868 thesis gave birth to Riemannian geometry. His work was well received and turned into a landmark work in geometry just two years after he died. Riemann was a student of Gauss, the great Swiss mathematician. Riemannian geometry is of critical importance, as it was used by Albert Einstein to explain the concept of relativity. This is because Riemannian geometry introcued geometrical objects called tensors which describe how much bent or curved is a point in space. A century and half later, Riemannian geometry was used by Grigori Perelman to solve one of the hardest problems in mathematics, the Poncaire Conjecture.

在這篇論文中誕生了Riemannian幾何，成為幾何界里程碑式的作品。黎曼幾何是至關(guān)重要的，因為它被愛因斯坦用來解釋相對論的概念。一個半世紀后，格里戈里·佩雷爾曼（Grigori Perelman）用黎曼幾何來解決數(shù)學中最難的問題之一，即龐凱爾猜想。

小伙伴們可以掃描二維碼或者直接使用二維碼下面的鏈接找到每篇博士論文信息的具體鏈接，打開鏈接后便可以在線閱讀博文論文全文或部分內(nèi)容。

http://www.mrgeek.me/lists/12-most-famous-phd-theses-in-history/

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