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凝聚態(tài)場論常用公式(1):極小耦合與流算符

2023-03-15 14:55 作者:打電動的阿偉嘻嘻嘻  | 我要投稿

考慮質(zhì)量為m,電荷為q的粒子在電磁場中的運動,經(jīng)典情況有洛倫茲力,

%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%0A%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdot%7Br%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial%20H%7D%7B%5Cpartial%20%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%2C%5C%20%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cdot%7Bp%7D%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpartial%20H%7D%7B%5Cpartial%20%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D%7D%2C%5C%20m%5Cboldsymbol%7B%5Cddot%7Br%7D%7D%3Dq(%5Cboldsymbol%7BE%7D%2B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bv%7D%5Ctimes%5Cboldsymbol%7BB%7D).%0A%5Cend%7Bequation%7D

在電磁場中引入矢勢與標(biāo)勢,

%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%0A%5Cboldsymbol%7BE%7D%3D-%5Cpartial_t%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D-%5Cnabla%5Cphi%2C%5C%20%5Cboldsymbol%7BB%7D%3D%5Cnabla%5Ctimes%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%2C%5C%20%5Cnabla%5Ccdot%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%3D0.%0A%5Cend%7Bequation%7D

所以粒子的哈密頓量為,

%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%0AH%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2m%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D-q%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D)%5E2%2Bq%5Cphi.%0A%5Cend%7Bequation%7D

在正則量子化之后可以得到,

%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%0A%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%3D%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%2C%5C%20%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%3D%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%2C%5C%20%5Cphi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%3D%5Cphi.%0A%5Cend%7Bequation%7D

有薛定諤方程,

i%5Cpartial_t%5Cpsi%3D%5Chat%7BH%7D%5Cpsi%2C%5C%20-i%5Cpartial_%7Bt%7D%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%3D%5Chat%7BH%7D%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D.

聯(lián)立二式可得,

%5Cpartial_t(%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Cpsi)%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2m%7D%5Cnabla%5Ccdot%5Cleft%5B(%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%5Cpsi-%5Cpsi%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D)-2q(%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%5Cpsi)%5Cright%5D.

由流方程可得,

%5Cpartial_t%20%5Crho%2B%5Cnabla%5Ccdot%5Cboldsymbol%7Bj%7D%3D0%2C%5C%20%5Cboldsymbol%7Bj%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2m%7D(%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%5Cpsi-%5Cpsi%5Chat%7B%5Cboldsymbol%7Bp%7D%7D%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D)-%5Cfrac%7Bq%7D%7Bm%7D(%5Cpsi%5E%7B%5Cast%7D%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D%5Cpsi).

我們常用的是以下符號體系,%5Csigma是自旋指標(biāo),p指Paramagnetic,A指diamagnetic,

%5Chat%7BJ_%7B%5Csigma%7D%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%3D%5Chat%7BJ%5E%7Bp%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%2B%5Chat%7BJ%5E%7BA%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%2C

%5Chat%7BJ%5E%7Bp%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2mi%7D%5Cleft%5B%5CPsi%5E%7B%5Cdagger%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)(%5Cnabla%5CPsi_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D))-(%5Cnabla%5CPsi%5E%7B%5Cdagger%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%5CPsi_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D))%5Cright%5D%2C

%5Chat%7BJ%5E%7BA%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%3D-%5Cfrac%7Bq%7D%7Bm%7D%5Cboldsymbol%7BA%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%5CPsi%5E%7B%5Cdagger%7D_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D)%5CPsi_%7B%5Csigma%7D(%5Cboldsymbol%7Br%7D).


凝聚態(tài)場論常用公式(1):極小耦合與流算符的評論 (共 條)

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