你完成了最后一輪求職面試，現(xiàn)在你在等是否被錄用的消息。這段時(shí)間你會(huì)感到很痛苦，在此期間你應(yīng)該做些什么？是給對(duì)方郵寄手寫的感謝信更合適，還是用電子郵件更好？如果你事后對(duì)面試中的一個(gè)問題想到了一個(gè)更完美的答案，你是否應(yīng)該聯(lián)系招聘經(jīng)理？你應(yīng)該等待多久再去跟進(jìn)詢問，看看對(duì)方是否已經(jīng)做出用人決定？你如何避免在等待期間反復(fù)惦記這個(gè)工作？

You made it through the final-round job interview, and now you’re waiting to hear whether or not you’re hired. This stretch of time can feel like agony, so what should you do in the meantime? Is it appropriate and expected to send handwritten thank-you notes? Or is email better? If you thought of the perfect answer to one of the interview questions after the fact, should you reach out to the hiring manager? How long should you wait before following up to see if they’ve made a decision? And how do you avoid ruminating about the job while you wait?

身處面試結(jié)束之后的等待期讓面試者壓力巨大，因?yàn)橥ǔ！澳愫推髽I(yè)擁有不一樣的緊迫感”，家住英國(guó)的職業(yè)策略師、《在新工作中成長(zhǎng)進(jìn)步》（Get Ahead in Your New Job）一書的作者約翰·利斯（JohnLees）表示。雖然你特別關(guān)注自己是否得到了這份工作，但是用人單位有許多其他事情要處理。利斯警告，在這段時(shí)間里，你有做出“適得其反”的行為之險(xiǎn)，包括懷疑自己的能力，給你的未來(lái)雇主留下不顧一切的印象，而且，也許是最糟糕的——你不去找其他工作。按舊金山大學(xué)（San Francisco State University）管理學(xué)教授、《招募頂級(jí)人才的1000種方法》（1000 Ways to Recruit Top Talent）一書的作者約翰·沙利文（John Sullivan）的說(shuō)法，雖然此時(shí)錄用決定不在你的掌控范圍，但是你并非無(wú)能為力。他表示，有些“面試后的立即行動(dòng)可以為求職者提供競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”。

This waiting period between your interview and the company’s decision is so stressful because often, “you and the organization do not share the same sense of urgency,” says John Lees, the UK-based career strategist and author of?Get Ahead in Your New Job. While you’re singularly focused on whether or not you got the job, they have plenty of other things to deal with. Lees warns that during this time, you’re at risk of “counterproductive” behaviors, including doubting your own abilities, coming across to your prospective employer as desperate, and — perhaps worst of all — not pursuing other jobs. While the hiring decision is out of your hands at this point, you’re not powerless, according to John Sullivan, a professor of management at San Francisco State University and author of?1000 Ways to Recruit Top Talent. There are some “immediate actions after an interview that can provide a candidate with a competitive advantage,” he says.

表示感謝

面試后你最緊迫的任務(wù)是感謝那些花時(shí)間與你交談的人。據(jù)沙利文所言，感謝的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該傳達(dá)出這樣的意思，即，你對(duì)這份工作更加心動(dòng)了，而且你很確信你想得到它。他還建議，通過“提及面試期間發(fā)生的某件積極的事情”來(lái)讓感謝的內(nèi)容顯得很親切。如果你是在公司辦公室進(jìn)行的面試，你可以寄一封舊式的手寫感謝信，利斯認(rèn)為這種感謝信顯示了優(yōu)雅的個(gè)性化品位。如果你采取的是在線面試形式，最好堅(jiān)持使用數(shù)字交流方式。如果你沒有面試官的聯(lián)系方式，但曾為了此次會(huì)面與公司里某個(gè)人聯(lián)系過，那你可以給那個(gè)人發(fā)一封電子郵件，讓他們知道你非常感謝他們及面試官付出的時(shí)間。一定要提到曾與你交談的人的名字，在你寫信的時(shí)候假定郵件會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給他們。你還可以在領(lǐng)英（LinkedIn）上與你的面試官取得聯(lián)系，并給他們發(fā)感謝信息。

Say thank you.?

Your most pressing post-interview duty is to thank the people who took the time to talk to you. According to Sullivan, the message should communicate that you’re even more excited about the job and confident that you want it. He also recommends personalizing the message by “mentioning something positive that happened during the interview.” If your interview took place at the company’s office, you could send an old-fashioned, pen-and-paper thank-you note, which Lees says offers a classy personal touch. If your interview took place virtually, it’s best to stick with digital communication. If you don’t have your interviewers’ contact information but communicated with someone else at the company to arrange the meeting, you can send that person an email letting them know how much you appreciate theirs and the interviewers’ time. Make sure to mention the people you spoke with by name and write your message with the assumption that it could be forwarded to them. You could also connect with your interviewers on LinkedIn and send them messages of thanks there.

發(fā)送后續(xù)材料

除了感謝信之外，沙利文還建議發(fā)送輔證性材料，包括面試中提及的作品樣本。他表示：“遞送附加信息可以起到加持自我的作用，有助于影響他們的決定。”照此思路，利斯建議發(fā)送一篇與該企業(yè)相關(guān)的新聞文章。內(nèi)容可能涉及該公司正在考慮采納的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)、疫情如何影響到他們的業(yè)務(wù)，或者其他相關(guān)的趨勢(shì)。這樣做，“你就是在微妙地表示：‘我了解你們的需求’”。

Send follow-up materials.

In addition to a thank-you note, Sullivan recommends sending supporting material, including samples of your work that might’ve come up in the interview. “Sending additional information could strengthen your case and help sway their decision,” he says. Along those lines, Lees recommends sending a news article that’s pertinent to the organization. It could be about a technology the company is considering adopting, how the pandemic is impacting their business, or some other relevant trend. By doing so, “you’re subtly saying, ‘I understand your needs.’”

抑制住重來(lái)一次的沖動(dòng)

沙利文表示，面試之后反復(fù)回味你的錯(cuò)誤以及回答得不好的問題是件很自然的事。“每一個(gè)人面試結(jié)束后都在想：‘我真希望當(dāng)時(shí)是這樣回答對(duì)方問題的?！崩贡硎?，esprit d’escalier（意思是事后才想起一句妙語(yǔ)）這個(gè)法語(yǔ)表達(dá)很貼切。雖然你忍不住想打電話給招聘經(jīng)理，重新回答你搞砸了的面試問題，但是保持克制才是明智的做法。雖然利斯承認(rèn)，你精雕細(xì)琢的回答可能會(huì)給招聘經(jīng)理提供有用的信息，但是“危險(xiǎn)在于你聽起來(lái)太需要精神支持了”。因?yàn)橥昝赖幕卮鸩惶赡艹蔀榍枚ɑ虼蚱扑麄儧Q定的因素，最好還是順其自然吧。

Resist the urge for a do-over.

It’s natural to mull over mistakes and?questions you didn’t answer well?after the interview, says Sullivan. “Everyone comes out of a job interview thinking, ‘I wish I had said this instead of that.’” The French expression,?esprit d’escalier, which means thinking of a witty remark in hindsight, is apt, says Lees. And while it’s tempting to ring up the hiring manager to re-answer the interview question you flubbed, it’s wise to exercise restraint. While Lee concedes that your polished response might provide helpful information for the hiring manager, “the danger is you sound too needy.” Because that perfect reply is unlikely to be the thing that makes or breaks their decision, it’s best to leave it be.

……不過偶爾也要破例

據(jù)利斯所言，除非你要補(bǔ)充特別有用的信息，才可以打破以上的規(guī)則。比如，如果你能把涉及自己的一條相關(guān)證據(jù)與企業(yè)的需求聯(lián)系起來(lái)，那么直言相告可能值得一做。此刻，你的語(yǔ)氣至關(guān)重要?！奥犉饋?lái)一定不能像是在批評(píng)這一流程?！崩贡硎尽２灰凳?，因?yàn)槊嬖嚬俚氖韬?，所以沒有問你某個(gè)特定的問題。相反，你可以這樣說(shuō)：“‘和您交談，我真的覺得很愉快，這里還有一條面試后想到的、你可能希望了解我的信息?！崩箯?qiáng)調(diào)“熱情、專業(yè)和簡(jiǎn)明扼要”十分重要。

…But occasionally make an exception.

According to Lees, the only exception to this rule is when you have something particularly useful to add to the conversation. If, for instance, you can connect a piece of relevant evidence about yourself to an organizational need, then it might be worth speaking up. Your tone is critical here. “It mustn’t sound like criticism of the process,” says Lees. Don’t imply that the interviewer neglected to ask you about a particular thing. Instead, go with something like, “‘I really enjoyed our conversation, and here’s another piece of information that’s come up since the interview you might you like to know about me.’” Lees emphasizes the importance of being “warm, professional, and brief.”

做一些分散注意力的事情

等著是否得到這份工作的消息會(huì)讓你有壓力，但盡量不要沉湎于此。在你等待結(jié)果的時(shí)候，要做一些可以分散注意力的事情。培養(yǎng)你的業(yè)余愛好，從事一些體育鍛煉，好好讀讀擺在你床頭柜上那本有趣的小說(shuō)。利斯還建議花時(shí)間與能夠“提升你自我形象”的朋友和同事共處。與你職業(yè)關(guān)系網(wǎng)中的人談?wù)勅绾吾槍?duì)不同的工作機(jī)會(huì)提出想法，問問他們都見過其他求職者在面試過程中犯過的錯(cuò)誤類型。利斯表示，你可以學(xué)到很多東西，知道如何才不“聽起來(lái)像似乎是需要精神支持或過度溝通”。

Seek positive distractions.

Waiting to hear whether you got the job can be stressful, but try not to dwell on it. While you wait it out,?Seek positive distractions. Cultivate your hobbies. Get some exercise. Dig into that juicy novel that’s sitting on your nightstand. Lees also recommends spending time with friends and colleagues who “elevate your self-image.” Talk with people in your professional network about how to generate ideas for different job possibilities. Ask them about mistakes they’ve seen other candidates make during the interview process. You can learn a lot about how not to “sound needy or over-communicate,” says Lees.

做盡職調(diào)查

有效打發(fā)時(shí)間的另一種方法是弄清如果這份工作唾手可得，你是否真的想要得到它。利斯表示，即使在未收到錄用通知時(shí)，你也可以在此期間收集一些信息。你可以秘密地“利用你在業(yè)內(nèi)的人脈來(lái)了解這份工作和這家企業(yè)的更多情況”，他表示。當(dāng)然，“如果你收到了這份工作的錄用通知，你會(huì)加大了解的力度”，甚至做更多的盡職調(diào)查，因?yàn)槟阈枰獩Q定是否接受這份工作。按沙利文的說(shuō)法，這也是一個(gè)“敲定接受工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的好時(shí)機(jī)。要設(shè)定你的最低工資要求，并針對(duì)你交涉其他重要細(xì)節(jié)的方式制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。他補(bǔ)充道，這樣做的目的“是做好準(zhǔn)備接到那個(gè)說(shuō)他們需要你的電話”，但是要小心，不要抱太大的希望。

Do due diligence.

Another way to pass the time productively is to figure out whether or not you actually want the job should it become yours for the taking. Even without an offer, Lees says there’s information-gathering you can do in the meantime. You can “work your industry contacts to learn more about the job and the organization” behind the scenes, he says. Of course, “if you’re offered the job, you will scale that up” by doing even more due diligence since you’ll need?to decide whether to take it. According to Sullivan, this is also a good time to “finalize your job acceptance criteria.” Set your minimum salary requirements and develop a plan for how you’ll?negotiate other important details. The goal, he adds, “is to be prepared for the call that says they want you,” but be careful not to get your hopes up.

保留選擇的余地

利斯表示，你還需要讓自己做好接到負(fù)面消息的準(zhǔn)備?！坝袛?shù)十個(gè)主觀的理由可以不給你這份工作。企業(yè)可能會(huì)改變方向，它可能凍結(jié)招聘，或者某位高級(jí)經(jīng)理可能決定他們不希望填補(bǔ)這個(gè)職位。”這就是為何你需要繼續(xù)探尋其他機(jī)會(huì)的原因。“要預(yù)見到遭到拒絕的扁平化效應(yīng)，”他表示，“如果還進(jìn)行著其他會(huì)談，被人拒絕的影響會(huì)小一些。然而，如果你讓生活陷入停頓，那更像是一種空虛的體驗(yàn)?！?/p>

Keep your options open.

You also need to?prepare yourself for negative news, says Lees. “There are dozens of arbitrary reasons that the job will not be offered to you. The organization might change direction; it might have a hiring freeze, or some senior manager could decide they don’t want to fill the position.” That’s why you need to continue to explore other opportunities. “Anticipate the flattening effects of rejection,” he says. “If you’ve got other conversations going, the rejection will have less impact. If you’ve put your life on hold, though, it’s much more of an emptying experience.”

要明智判斷后續(xù)跟進(jìn)的時(shí)機(jī)

判斷要等待多久再后續(xù)跟進(jìn)，看看招聘經(jīng)理是否已經(jīng)做出了決定，這是一件棘手的事情?！澳憧隙ú幌Ｍ硖幥舐毱蜇さ臓顟B(tài)，”利斯表示，頻繁查問可能會(huì)讓你在討價(jià)還價(jià)時(shí)處于不利地位。沙利文建議你在最后的面試中詢問招聘經(jīng)理，他們預(yù)計(jì)要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)做出錄用決定?！叭绻麄冋f(shuō)一周，那就加一倍的時(shí)間，因?yàn)槭虑樗ǖ臅r(shí)間總是比計(jì)劃的長(zhǎng)?！彼硎?。盡管如此，在他們給你的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)跟進(jìn)是值得的，以表明你對(duì)這份工作仍然感興趣，但是“要畢恭畢敬，不要催促”。一封電子郵件寫上諸如“不必回復(fù)，我只是想讓你們知道我仍然感興趣”之類的話，這可能會(huì)幫助你從其他求職者中脫穎而出。

Be judicious about when you follow up.

Deciding how long to wait before following up to see if the hiring manager has made a decision is tricky. “You don’t want to be in job-beggar mode,” says Lees, and checking in frequently could put you in a worse bargaining position. At your final interview, Sullivan recommends asking the hiring managers how long they anticipate it will be before an offer is made. “And if they say a week, double it, because things always take longer than planned,” he says. Still, it’s worth following up within the time frame they gave you to show that you’re still interested in the job, but “be respectful and don’t push.” An email that says something along the lines of, “No response necessary, I just want to let you know that I’m still interested,” could help you stand out from other candidates.

要記住的原則

可以做

?向招聘經(jīng)理表示感謝，無(wú)論是以手寫感謝信還是電子郵件的方式。

?提供支持性的輔證性材料（比如，你的作品樣本）來(lái)加強(qiáng)你的依據(jù)。

?通過對(duì)公司進(jìn)行盡職調(diào)查來(lái)有效打發(fā)時(shí)間，并最終敲定你個(gè)人的工作接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Principles to Remember

Do

Offer gratitude to the hiring manager, with either a handwritten note or an email.

Provide backup support material, such as samples of your work, to strengthen your case.

Spend your time productively by doing due diligence on the company and finalizing your personal job acceptance criteria.

禁止做

?要求重新回答你搞砸的一個(gè)問題——除非你能提供涉及企業(yè)所需的高度相關(guān)的信息。

?讓壓力困擾你。在等待期間花些時(shí)間與心態(tài)積極的朋友相處，以此來(lái)讓自己分心。

?停止尋找其他工作。通過探尋別的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)保留你選擇的余地。

Don’t

Ask for a do-over on a question you flubbed — unless you can offer highly relevant information that speaks to an organizational need.

Let the stress get to you. Distract yourself during the waiting period by spending time with positive-minded friends.

Stop looking for other jobs. Keep your options open by exploring other opportunities.

麗貝卡·奈特（Rebecca Knight）| 文??

永年 | 譯??時(shí)青靖 | 校?? 騰躍 | 編輯

麗貝卡·奈特是波士頓一名自由撰稿人，衛(wèi)斯理大學(xué)講師。她的作品發(fā)表在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》《今日美國(guó)》（USA Today）和《金融時(shí)報(bào)》（The Financial Times）上。