Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English.

? ? ?幾千年來，一代又一代，過年（=過春節(jié)）一直是中國人的頭等大事。年關(guān)將至?xí)r，要做很多準備，要買很多東西，有吃的、用的、穿的、戴的、耍的、供的、干的、鮮的、生的、熟的等很多東西。統(tǒng)名之曰“買年貨”（Spring Festival?special purchases）。買年貨的原因是為了慰勞一下辛苦工作一年的家人和自己，慶祝新年的來臨。同時，也需要買年貨這樣的一個氛圍告訴自己又過去一年了。在過去交通不便利、人們收入不高的年代、當(dāng)時落后的經(jīng)濟與生產(chǎn)力讓物質(zhì)匱乏，人們購買年貨是為了吃飽，為了生存。如今隨著時代變遷，社會進步，人們追求更多的是精神富足。疫情后的第三年，年貨市場久違的喧囂回來了，人山人海，人間煙火，這一幕幕熱鬧的景象，久違了！

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過節(jié)日，生日等，在英語中是celebrate。

將至：我們可以用approaching, arriving, around the corner, draw near等。

辭舊迎新：bid farewell to the old and usher in the new

慰勞：as a reward to / for

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特色詞匯：人間煙火：hustle and bustle

本意是指充滿熱鬧氣息的樣子，bustling / hustling

類似的詞匯：vigorous, lifeful

直接用normal life也可以體現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)有文章報道用Our normal life is back直接翻譯成《人間煙火回來了》

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【解析】

? ? 翻譯難點：在過去交通不便利、人們收入不高的年代、當(dāng)時落后的經(jīng)濟與生產(chǎn)力讓物質(zhì)匱乏，人們購買年貨是為了吃飽，為了生存。如今隨著時代變遷，社會進步，人們追求更多的是精神富足。

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難點之一：在……的年代：用定語從句翻譯。

during those days when …… ，常見的表達：……的日子一去不返了：gone are the days when…

所以這里可以參考為：during those days when traffic was inconvenient, incomes were rather low。

★句型轉(zhuǎn)換：當(dāng)時的落后經(jīng)濟與生產(chǎn)力讓物質(zhì)匱乏。

經(jīng)濟落后和前文提到的交通不便利，收入不高可以理解為并列存在：with economic and productivity lagging behind。這里采用表達式：lag behind，表示落后，或者fall behind（fall behind一般強調(diào)落在了誰的后面），物質(zhì)匱乏，理解成“人們選擇空間很小（much fewer (materials) / less to choose from）”或者“物質(zhì)的選擇很匱乏（a deficiency of materials）”，這是前三者的結(jié)果，during those days when traffic was inconvenient, incomes were rather low, with economic and productivity lagging behind, providing with much fewer (materials) / less to choose from / a deficiency of materials

為了吃飽，為了生存，就可以直接簡單翻譯成：for their food and survival needs.

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難點之二：人們追求更多的是精神富足。

精神富足的說法以前我在一些翻譯群里看他們提到過spiritual并不合適，說這個詞偏向于宗教色彩。如果想體現(xiàn)完整性，可以深度理解一下這里“精神財富”到底包括哪些，我們常提到物質(zhì)財富是material wealth，而精神財富完整一點是屬于：文化、精神、道德財富：cultural, spiritual, and ethical wealth. 所以物質(zhì)精神財富確切有三部分財富。所以人們更加追求精神富足是，在這方面更加注重：put more emphasis on their cultural spiritual, and ethical well-being.

【參考譯文】

? ? ? ?For millennia and for generations, celebrating Spring Festival is always number-one event for Chinese people. With the Spring Festival around the corner, Chinese people make a lot of preparations and pick up a lot of stuffs for food, use, outwear, accessories, fun, and for sacrifice, and a lot of raw and cooked food, all of these stuffs are collectively referred to as "Spring Festival special purchases." One major reason why Chinese people pick up these special purchases is that it is a reward for the hard work of their families and themselves over the past year and to celebrate the arrival of a new year. Also, it creates an atmosphere where it tells that an old year has passed. During those days in the past when traffic wasn't convenient, incomes weren't high, with economic and productivity lagging, providing with much less to choose from, Spring Festival special purchases those days were to meet their basic food and survival demands. Today, with the advancement for a new era and the development of our society, people are putting more emphasis on their spiritual, ethical, and cultural well-being. It has been three years since the pandemic, the buzzing and vigorous Spring Festival shopping markets are finally back with people mountain people sea, long time no see our hustle and bustle, with all the lifeful and vigorous?scenes?returning?to sight, our normal life, is finally back!?

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