小作文不要解讀，不要總結(jié)，重點(diǎn)在描述

作文類型：

1. line
2. bar
3. pie
4. table

numbers, describe,compare,changes/trend

5.diagram-comparing

6.diagram-process（map）

4段

introduction： one sentence, paraphrase the question(一句話復(fù)述題目)

overview：two sentences, the main ,general things

details:

details: two details paragraphs makes you organize or group the information better.

line graph

compare!

1 線條之最general comparison(summary ,overview).eg: higher overall

2 特殊點(diǎn)compare the lines at specific points(details paragraphs)

• introduction

題目：the graph below shows electricity production(in terawatt hours)in France between 1980 and 2012.

改寫(xiě)為首段引入：the line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different sources of power over 32 years.

• overview-2 sentences, 2 main points （線條之最）

it is clear that nuclear power was by far the most important means of electricity generation over the period shown.(最高的線)

Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity in each year.

• details -2sentences,2 main points (點(diǎn)之最)

in 1980, thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France, generating around 120 terawatt hours of power.nuclear and hydroelectric power stations produced just under 75 terawatt hours of electricity each, and renewables provided a negligible amount. just one year later, nuclear power overtook thermal power as the primary source of electricity.

??：圖標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵詞直接抄寫(xiě)會(huì)有坑，注意意思暢通！nuclear was 75 terawatt hours of electricity. nuclear power was used to produce 75 terawatt hours of electricity.??nuclear power stations produced 75 terawatt hours of electricity. ??

detail(線條的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn))

between 1980 and 2005, electricity production from nuclear power rose dramatically to a peak of 430 terawatt hours , by contrast, the figure for thermal power fell to only 50 terawatt hours in 1985, and remained at this level for the rest of the period, hydroelectric power generation remained relatively stable, at between 50 and 80 terawatt hours, for the whole 32-year period , but renewable electricity production saw only a small rise to approximately 25 terawatt hours by 2012.

P3: bar chart

increased ,fairly stable.

延續(xù)line chart 的四結(jié)構(gòu)

有時(shí)間線的和線圖一樣。

沒(méi)時(shí)間變化的

1 introduction 1句

the chart below Showa global sales of the top five mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013.

the bar chart compares the number of mobile phones sold worldwide by the five most popular manufacturers in the years of 2009, 2011 and 2013.

2 overview (最高點(diǎn)，上升趨勢(shì) ；2句)

it is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011, but Samsung became the best selling brand in 2013. Samsung and apple saw the biggest rises in sales over the 5-year period.

3detail(同時(shí)間段內(nèi)，A跌了，B張了，B成新老大了)comparisons，changes over time

In 2009, nokia sold close to 450 million mobile phones, which was almost double the number of handsets sold by the second most successful manufacturer, Samsung. over the following four years, however, nokia's sales figures fell by approximately 200 million units, whereas Samsung saw sales rise by a similar amount. by 2013, Samsung had become the market leader with sales reaching 450 million units.

4 detail（余下的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)名）:comparisons，changes over time

the other three top selling mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013 were LG, ZTE and Apple. In 2009, these companies sold around 125 million, 50 million and 25 million mobile handsets respectively, but Apple over took the other two vendors in 2011. In 2013, purchases of Apple handsets reached 150 million units , while LG saw declining sales and the figures of ZTE rose only slightly.

04 pie chart

1 introduction -paraphrase the question

the pie charts compare five categories of household expenditure in the UK and the New Zealand in years 1980 and 2008.

2 summary/overview

it is noticeable that the proportion of spending on food and drink fell in both countries over the 28-year period, while spending on utility bills rose. Also, UK residents spent a significant larger percentage of their household budgets on leisure than their New Zealand counterparts.

3 details

in 1980, 29% of an average New Zealand househould budget went on food and drink, while the equivalent figure for a uk home was 23%. by 2008, expenditure on food and drink had fallen by 4% in new zealand, and by a full 10% in the uk. by contrast, both countries saw an increase in expenditure on utility bills for the average home from 27% to 31% in new zealand and from 26% to 28% in the uk.

4

leisure activities accounted for the highest proportion of uk household spending in both years. but only the third highest proportion in New Zealand. in fact, in 2008, New Zealanders spent only Half as much in relative terms on recreation(17%)as uk residents(34%). in both countries, transport costs and other costs took roughly 15%and 10% of household budgets respectively.

技術(shù)總結(jié)：

compar countries and years together.

mention all 5 categories

the category called "other" is not important.

leisure was 34%——>households spent 34%of their money on leisure.

while, by contrast

spending=expenditure= spent= costs

leisure=recreation=entertainment

數(shù)據(jù)：

proportion of spending, percentage of household budget

29% of an average household budget went on ……<n>...

leisure accounted for the highest proportion

對(duì)比：the equivalent figure for a uk home，than their new zealand counterparts

spent a significantly larger percentage

spent half as much in relative term on ..... as ...

趨勢(shì)：fell ,rose ,saw an increase in

語(yǔ)法：by 2008, expenditure had fallen

in 2008, expenditure fell

05 table

the table compares the five highest ranking countries in terms of the numbers of visits and the money spent by tourists over a period of two years.

2 overview

it is clear that France was the world's most popular tourist destination in the years 2012 and 2013. however, the USA earned by far the most revenue from tourism over the same period.

3 details( number )

in 2012, 83million tourists visited France, and the USA was the second most visited country, with 66.7 million tourists. Spain and china each received just under 58 million visitors, while Italy was ranked fifth with 46.4 million tourist. 2013 saw a rise of between 1 and 4 million tourist visits to each country, with the exception of china, which received 2 million fewer visitors than in the previous year.

4 details(spending)

spending by tourists visiting the USA increased from $126.2 billion in 2012 to 139.6 billion in 2013, and these figures were well over twice as high as those for any other country. Spain received the second highest amounts of tourist revenue, rising from $56.3 billion to $60.4 billion, followed by France, China and Italy. interestingly, despite falling numbers of tourists, Chinese revenue from tourism rose by $1.7 billion in 2013.

top five countries= five highest ranking countries

the world's most popular tourist destination

earned by far the most revenue from tourism

revenue=spending

the second most visited country

received .....visitors

ranked fifth

2013 saw a rise of ; France saw a rising number of tourists

fewer visitors than in the previous year

these figures were well over twice as high as

amounts of tourist revenue

despite falling numbers

saw a rise/fall, increased/decreased, rising from, rose by

06 different chart

the bar chart compares the numbers of males and females who took four different evening classes in 2009, and the pie chart shows the age profile of these attendees.

2 overview

it is clear that significantly more women than men attended evening classes at the education centre. we can also see that evening courses were much more popular among older adults.

3 details

according to the bar chart, drama, painting and language courses all attracted more women than men to the education centre in 2009. language classes had highest number of participants overall, with 40 female and 20 male students, while painting was a popular choice among both genders, attracting 30 female and 25 male attendees. the only course with a higher number of males was sculpture, but this course was taken by a mere 15 people in total.

4 details

looking at the age profile pie chart, we can see that the majority of people attending evening lessons were over 40 years of age. to be precise, 42% of them were aged 50 or more, and 26% were aged between 40 and 49. younger adults were in the minority, with only 11% of students aged 20 to 29, and only 5% aged under 20.

技術(shù)總結(jié)

attending courses，who took classes

participants , attendees, students

males and females=men and women

coures attracted more women=more women participanted/took classes

a popular choice among both genders, attracting +數(shù)字

significantly more, higher, highest

had the highest number, with+數(shù)字

was taked by mere 15 people

according to the bar chart

looking at the age profile pie chart

the majority of people

were in the minority

to be precise

07process diagram

steps' language

passive verbs

• at the first stage in the process
• the process begins with
• secondly, finally
• the second step involves
• next, then, after that
• at the following stage

glass collection——>glass is collected

people sort the glass by hand——>the collected glass is sorted by hand.

the glass passes through a grinding machine(當(dāng)不知道grinding什么意思，也不知道過(guò)去式怎么寫(xiě)時(shí))——>the glass is passed through a grinding machine(需要過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí))——>the glass is ground in a machine——>the sorted glass is then ground in a machine.

??maps can also show processes

the first flow diagram illustrates the process of glass container production, and the second diagram shows steps in the process of recycling used glass.

2 overview

we can see that glass is made using three main raw materials, and that the manufacturing process consists of four distinct stages. it requires five steps to turn used glass into new glass products.

3

at the first stage in the production of glass, sand, soda ash, limestone and other chemicals are mixed together. next, this mixture is heated in a glass furnace at approximately 1500 degrees to produce molten glass. the molten glass can then be shaped, by blowing, to create the end products, namely glass containers.

4

glass recycling begins with the collection of used glass products. the collected glass is sorted according to its color, and then washed in order to remove any impurities. at the fourth stage of recycling, the glass is crushed and melted, and the resulting molten glass can finally be moulded to created new items.

raw materials, end products

08 comparison diagrams

3種對(duì)比題型：chang to something, altenative design diagram, map

可以寫(xiě)什么：

describe the changes

describe things that don't change

describe the differences

describe the similarities

注意時(shí)態(tài)

現(xiàn)在——>過(guò)去

have->had

build->was built

現(xiàn)在——>將來(lái)

the school has ...

a .... will be built

the two pictures compare the current layout of the ground floor of a house with a plan to redesign the same living space.

2 overview(describe things that don't change and change outstandingly)

we can see that the new design proposal involves making a number of changes to the ground floor of the house, mainly in the cnetral hall area. there are no plans to change external wall or entrances

3

the most noticeable change from the existing to the proposed floor plan is that there will no longer be a separate hall area when the building work has been done. this will be achieved by removing the internal wall and door between tha hall and living room, along with the current staircase and under-stair storage cupboard. with no separate hall area, the proposed living room will also contain the staircase to the first floor.

4

to replace the current straight staircase, a new set of winding stairs will be installed in the corner of the living room. the internal door between the hall and kitchen will also be replaced with double doors connecting the kitchen with the new living room. finally, the planned building work will also include the installation of some kitchen furniture.

單詞

existing plan--->current layout(布局)

proposed plan--->plan to redesign

design proposal, planned building work

noticeable change, a separate hall area

there will no longer be

this will be achieved by removing+n ,along with +n

there are no plans to change +n

along with = and=as well as

will also contain, will also include

will be installed, will be replaced

the design proposal involve

when the building work has been done

living space, central hall area, staircase

straight staircase, a set of winding stair

under-stair storage cupboard

in the corner of

be replaced with

double doors 雙開(kāi)們

include the installation of

大作文

切題，達(dá)意（邏輯合理，讀的通順），詞匯，語(yǔ)法

250+詞匯，4段：13句（2，5，5，1）

時(shí)間：5，10，10，5

p12

introduction (2句復(fù)述題目，表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn))

4types

disagree___in my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind of unsalaried work.

main body paragraph(5句, 5句)

1 firstly, secondly, finally

linking words 不能提高詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)，topic words 可以提高詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)

2 idea, explain, example