關于路由策略相關問題，太閣都給你整理好啦

2021-04-09 11:43 作者:太閣網絡 0人讀過 | 我要投稿

定義：

策略路由PBR（Policy-Based Routing）是一種依據用戶制定的策略進行路由選擇的機制，分為本地策略路由、接口策略路由和智能策略路由SPR（Smart Policy Routing）。

說明：

·?策略路由與路由策略（Routing Policy）存在以下不同：

o 策略路由的操作對象是數據包，在路由表已經產生的情況下，不按照路由表進行轉發(fā)，而是根據需要，依照某種策略改變數據包轉發(fā)路徑。

o 路由策略的操作對象是路由信息。路由策略主要實現了路由過濾和路由屬性設置等功能，它通過改變路由屬性（包括可達性）來改變網絡流量所經過的路徑。

目的

傳統的路由轉發(fā)原理是首先根據報文的目的地址查找路由表，然后進行報文轉發(fā)。但是目前越來越多的用戶希望能夠在傳統路由轉發(fā)的基礎上根據自己定義的策略進行報文轉發(fā)和選路。策略路由使網絡管理者不僅能夠根據報文的目的地址，而且能夠根據報文的源地址、報文大小和鏈路質量等屬性來制定策略路由，以改變數據包轉發(fā)路徑，滿足用戶需求。

受益

策略路由具有如下優(yōu)點：

·?可以根據用戶實際需求制定策略進行路由選擇，增強路由選擇的靈活性和可控性。

·?可以使不同的數據流通過不同的鏈路進行發(fā)送，提高鏈路的利用效率。

·?在滿足業(yè)務服務質量的前提下，選擇費用較低的鏈路傳輸業(yè)務數據，從而降低企業(yè)數據服務的成本。

配置本地策略路由示例：

組網需求：

如圖所示，RouterA與RouterB間有兩條鏈路相連。

用戶希望實現本機下發(fā)的不同長度的報文通過不同的下一跳地址進行轉發(fā)，其中：

·?長度為64～1400字節(jié)的報文設置192.168.1.2作為下一跳地址。

·?長度為1401～1500字節(jié)的報文設置192.168.2.2作為下一跳地址。

·?所有其它長度的報文都按基于目的地址的方法進行路由選路。

配置思路：

采用如下思路配置本地策略路由：

1. 在RouterA上配置IP報文長度匹配條件，以實現本機下發(fā)的不同長度的報文匹配不同的策略點。

2. 在RouterA上配置本地策略路由的動作，以實現本機下發(fā)的不同長度的報文通過不同的下一跳地址進行轉發(fā)。

3. 使能本地策略路由。

操作步驟

1.?配置各接口的IP地址?

# 配置RouterA的各接口的IP地址。

<Huawei>?system-view

[Huawei]?sysname RouterA

[RouterA]?interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]?ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]?quit

[RouterA]?interface gigabitethernet 2/0/0

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]?ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]?quit

[RouterA]?interface loopback 0

[RouterA-LoopBack0]?ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

[RouterA-LoopBack0]?quit

# 配置RouterB的各接口的IP地址。

<Huawei>?system-view

[Huawei]?sysname RouterB

[RouterB]?interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]?ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]?quit

[RouterB]?interface gigabitethernet 2/0/0

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]?ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]?quit

[RouterB]?interface loopback 0

[RouterB-LoopBack0]?ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0

[RouterB-LoopBack0]?quit

2.?配置靜態(tài)路由

# 在RouterA上配置靜態(tài)路由。

[RouterA]?ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.1.2

[RouterA]?ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 192.168.2.2

# 在RouterB上配置靜態(tài)路由。

[RouterB]?ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.1.1

[RouterB]?ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 192.168.2.1

3.?配置策略路由

# 配置名稱為lab1的策略路由。

[RouterA]?policy-based-route lab1 permit node 10

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-10]?if-match packet-length 64 1400

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-10]?apply ip-address next-hop 192.168.1.2

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-10]?quit

[RouterA]?policy-based-route lab1 permit node 20

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-20]?if-match packet-length 1401 1500

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-20]?apply ip-address next-hop 192.168.2.2

[RouterA-policy-based-route-lab1-20]?quit

# 使能本地策略路由。

[RouterA]?ip local policy-based-route lab1

4.?驗證配置結果

# 清空RouterB接口統計信息。

<RouterB>?reset counters interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0

<RouterB>?reset counters interface gigabitethernet 2/0/0

# 查看RouterB接口統計信息。

<RouterB>?display interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0?

GigabitEthernet1/0/0 current state : UP ????????????????????????????????????????

Line protocol current state : UP ???????????????????????????????????????????????

Last line protocol up time : 2012-07-30 11:23:24 ???????????????????????????????

Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Interface ??????????????????

Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 ???????????????????????????????????

Internet Address is 192.168.1.2/24 ???????????????????????????????????????????????

IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0819-a6ce-7d4c?

Last physical up time ??: 2012-07-30 11:23:24 ??????????????????????????????????

Last physical down time : 2012-07-24 16:54:19 ??????????????????????????????????

Current system time: 2012-07-30 14:57:28 ???????????????????????????????????????

Port Mode: COMMON COPPER ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Speed : 1000, ?Loopback: NONE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

Duplex: FULL, ?Negotiation: ENABLE ?????????????????????????????????????????????

Mdi ??: AUTO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Last 300 seconds input rate 40 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ?????????????????????????

Last 300 seconds output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ?????????????????????????

Input peak rate 7568 bits/sec,Record time: 2012-07-30 12:57:02 ?????????????????

Output peak rate 1008 bits/sec,Record time: 2012-07-30 12:42:42 ????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Input: ?135403 packets, 118911125 bytes ????????????????????????????????????????

??Unicast: ????????????107066, ?Multicast: ??????????????10468 ?????????????????

??Broadcast: ???????????17869, ?Jumbo: ??????????????????????0 ?????????????????

??Discard: ?????????????????0, ?Total Error: ????????????????0 ?????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??CRC: ?????????????????????0, ?Giants: ?????????????????????0 ?????????????????

??Jabbers: ?????????????????0, ?Throttles: ??????????????????0 ?????????????????

??Runts: ???????????????????0, ?Symbols: ????????????????????0 ?????????????????

??Ignoreds: ????????????????0, ?Frames: ?????????????????????0 ?????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Output: ?59070 packets, 14217739 bytes ?????????????????????????????????????????

??Unicast: ?????????????37581, ?Multicast: ??????????????21485 ?????????????????

??Broadcast: ???????????????4, ?Jumbo: ??????????????????????0 ?????????????????

??Discard: ?????????????????0, ?Total Error: ????????????????0 ?????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??Collisions: ??????????????0, ?ExcessiveCollisions: ????????0 ?????????????????

??Late Collisions: ?????????0, ?Deferreds: ??????????????????0 ?????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????Input bandwidth utilization threshold : 100.00% ????????????????????????????

????Output bandwidth utilization threshold: 100.00% ????????????????????????????

????Input bandwidth utilization ?: 0.01% ???????????????????????????????????????

????Output bandwidth utilization : 0.01% ???

<RouterB>?display interface gigabitethernet 2/0/0

GigabitEthernet2/0/0 current state : UP ????????????????????????????????????????

Line protocol current state : UP ???????????????????????????????????????????????

Last line protocol up time : 2012-07-30 11:23:29 ???????????????????????????????

Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, GigabitEthernet2/0/0 Interface ??????????????????

Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 ???????????????????????????????????

Internet Address is 192.168.2.2/24 ???????????????????????????????????????????????

IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0819-a6ce-7d4d?

Last physical up time ??: 2012-07-30 11:23:29 ??????????????????????????????????

Last physical down time : 2012-07-30 11:09:17 ??????????????????????????????????

Current system time: 2012-07-30 14:58:24 ???????????????????????????????????????

Port Mode: COMMON COPPER ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Speed : 1000, ?Loopback: NONE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

Duplex: FULL, ?Negotiation: ENABLE ?????????????????????????????????????????????

Mdi ??: AUTO ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Last 300 seconds input rate 48 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ?????????????????????????

Last 300 seconds output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ?????????????????????????

Input peak rate 11576 bits/sec,Record time: 2012-07-30 13:46:52 ????????????????

Output peak rate 11576 bits/sec,Record time: 2012-07-30 13:46:52 ???????????????