本文轉(zhuǎn)載自：譯聚網(wǎng)

在我國(guó)很多對(duì)外的商務(wù)應(yīng)用文如產(chǎn)品操作指南和使用說明書等都是先用中文撰寫，然后再由翻譯人員譯為英文。由于譯者對(duì)英語應(yīng)用文體的語言特點(diǎn)缺乏了解，僅憑借他們的英語語言功底把中文材料譯成英文,結(jié)果是不少譯文盡管很少語法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤，其譯文因不符合商務(wù)英語應(yīng)用文的文體特點(diǎn)，不是說英語的人所習(xí)用的格式，因而難以為西方讀者所理解和接受。下面讓我們來看一則地道的英文存包使用說明是如何寫的：

Public Lock

To use

1) Open the door.

2) Place articles inside.

3) Insert quarter (It will be returned).

4) Turn and remove key.

To remove contents

1) Insert key and turn.

2) Open the door.

3) Quarter returns in slot.

從詞匯上看，原文的“存”、“取”由譯文1的“deposit”、“ withdrawal”改為譯文2切合英語習(xí)慣用法的“ to use”與“ to remove contents”。從總體上看, 修改后的譯文用詞簡(jiǎn)潔，句子凝練，是簡(jiǎn)單易懂的口語體，便于人們操作使用。

要譯好商務(wù)應(yīng)用文，譯者“應(yīng)盡可能地參考相關(guān)文件的英語原文，參照它們的內(nèi)容、格式和文字來進(jìn)行寫作和翻譯”。翻譯時(shí)要中撰照‘入鄉(xiāng)隨俗’的原則，用英語中‘約定俗成’的語言和形式來進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的翻譯”。只有遵循“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”翻譯原則譯出的對(duì)外宣傳材料才能為講英語的讀者所喜聞樂見，達(dá)到翻譯的目的。林克難根據(jù)中國(guó)譯者的實(shí)際情況明確提出了商務(wù)應(yīng)用文應(yīng)遵循“看、譯、寫”的翻譯原則：“看”指的是在翻譯某類應(yīng)用文前，譯者通過閱讀相關(guān)的材料來熟悉該類應(yīng)用文體的格式?！白g”指的是譯者在“看”的基礎(chǔ)上，動(dòng)筆翻譯時(shí)，既可以采用英文中一些現(xiàn)成的詞組或句子，也可以套用它們的格式。至于“寫” ，林先生指的似乎是另外一種翻譯策略：即翻譯發(fā)起人將需要翻譯的主要內(nèi)容告訴譯者，讓譯者充分發(fā)揮自己的主動(dòng)作用，根據(jù)英語中相關(guān)的應(yīng)用文體措辭和格式“改寫”原文，從而譯出符合說英語的人所能接受的“譯文”來。其實(shí)，商務(wù)應(yīng)用文的翻譯完全可以遵循“譯寫”原則。因?yàn)榧词狗g發(fā)起人沒有明確交代給譯者應(yīng)該怎么做，他/她肯定有明確的翻譯目的，即向說英語的人介紹或宣傳自己的產(chǎn)品或發(fā)布信息等。要使譯文達(dá)到翻譯的目的，起到更好的宣傳效果，譯者應(yīng)該也必須采用商務(wù)應(yīng)用文體“習(xí)慣的語言表達(dá)方式”，并遵循英語國(guó)家通用的規(guī)范格式。比如下面這則項(xiàng)目招商通告即使沒有翻譯發(fā)起人的請(qǐng)求，其譯文的處理也是參照英語國(guó)家類似的項(xiàng)目招商通告，對(duì)原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了重新組織才譯成英文的。

原文：

重慶南部新城開發(fā)建設(shè)征集策劃運(yùn)作單位

重慶主城區(qū)南部新城，面積33平方公里，重慶李家沱和馬桑溪兩座長(zhǎng)江大橋跨越其間，是商家置業(yè)的黃金口岸。為實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，我們計(jì)劃進(jìn)行全面開發(fā)建設(shè)。誠(chéng)征"新城"策劃 (規(guī)劃)運(yùn)作單位,有意者請(qǐng)與重慶市巴南區(qū)西部辦聯(lián)系。

聯(lián)系人：

聯(lián)系電話：

譯文：

REQUEST FOR PROPORSALS FOR DEVELOPMENT PLANS The“New Town”Project of Chongqing

The Office of the Development of the Western Regions in Banan District, Chongqing City, invites qualified urban planners to submit proposals to design and plan the full-scale development of the New Town in the southern section of the city proper. The site of the project, with a total area of 33 square kilometers，is a spectacular setting strategically located, embracing the two Yangzi River bridges at lijiatuo and Masangxi. It is a port promising unrivaled opportunities for commercial and real estate investments. The project is part of the effort to implement the national program for the development of the western regions of the country. A decision has therefore been made to carry out a full-scale development of the “ New Town”precinct，which calls for competitive proposals of development plans. Interested parties are advised to apply to the Office of Banan District for the Development of the Western Regions.

Contact Persons ；

Phone ：

Fax：

在商用文的翻譯中，由于大多數(shù)原文所針對(duì)的讀者對(duì)象是中國(guó)讀者，其中有些說法直接翻譯很難讓外國(guó)人看懂。例如，在介紹某市景點(diǎn)的一本旅游畫冊(cè)中，有這么一段中英文對(duì)照：

原文：

市內(nèi)外有名勝古跡300多處，市中心有趙武靈王操演兵馬和觀賞歌舞的武靈叢臺(tái)，市郊有國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位——趙王城遺址，城北有明代所建“蓬萊仙境”般的黃粱夢(mèng)呂仙祠，市西南有可與龍門、敦煌媲美始鑿于北齊的響堂山石窟。[這里]又是典故之城……黃粱美夢(mèng)、毛遂自薦、負(fù)荊請(qǐng)罪、完璧歸趙等眾多成語典故，膾炙人口，給人啟迪。

譯文：

There are over 300 scenic spots and historical sites inside and outside the city. In the civic center stands the Wuling Congtai Terrace, where the King Wuling drilled warriors and enjoyed singing and dancing performances；in the outskirts remains the ruined City of the State of Zhao，the monument specially protected by the state，in the north lies the fairy-land-like Golden Millet Dream Temple built in the Song Dynasty; in the southwest lies the Xiang Tang Caves Temple built in the Bei Qi period，which is thought to be as famous as Longman and Dunhuang. Being a town of allusions, XXXX certainly has numerous greatly inspired allusions, such as. . . “ Golden Millet dream ( pipe Dream)”，“Mao Sui Recommending Himself (Volunteering one's services) ”，“Bearing the rod for Punishment”，“Returning the Jade Intact to Zhao”，ect.，which are widely loved and quoted by people.

讀到這段充滿了陌生的中國(guó)地名、人名、朝代名和典故的文字，一般外國(guó)人只能望“文”興嘆，將之拋擲一邊了。其實(shí)，在這種情況下，譯者最明智的選擇，是根據(jù)原作的意圖以及譯文讀者的需要，對(duì)原稿進(jìn)行譯前編輯（當(dāng)然，在做這項(xiàng)工作之前，譯者有必要把自己的處理手段告訴翻譯發(fā)起人，征得對(duì)方的同意）：即對(duì)中文原稿中不適合譯文讀者需求的內(nèi)容可以進(jìn)行刪節(jié)、增添（補(bǔ)充相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí))，或按照譯文讀者的審美習(xí)慣進(jìn)行改寫，對(duì)原稿本身存在的混亂的邏輯思路也可以加以糾正。

翻譯商務(wù)應(yīng)用文，譯者有時(shí)還可以根據(jù)他/她所熟知的商務(wù)應(yīng)用文的格式對(duì)原稿進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì)和編排，以使自己的譯文能夠更好地為讀者所接受。比如，無論是漢語請(qǐng)柬還是英語請(qǐng)柬，一般都沿用多年來一直使用的固定格式。這種格式由于是在長(zhǎng)期使用中定了型的，為人們所一致公認(rèn)和接受，給人一種鄭重其事的印象，所以，一般都不輕易加以改動(dòng)。同樣，翻譯請(qǐng)柬時(shí)，譯者更應(yīng)采用譯入語國(guó)家的讀者所習(xí)慣的格式。例如：

The Deputy Prime Minister of Australia

and Minister for Overseas Trade

Dr J. F. Cairns

requests the pleasure of your company

at a Banquet

on Friday, 11 October, 1994

from 12. 30 to 1. 30 p. m.

in Hall Three of the Beijing Exhibition Center

to mark the opening of the Australian Exhibition

R. S. V. P.

Tel：

謹(jǐn)訂于1994年10月11日（星期五）12時(shí)半至下午1時(shí)半假座北京展覽館3號(hào)大廳舉行宴會(huì)，慶祝澳大利亞展覽會(huì)開幕。

敬請(qǐng)光臨

澳大利亞副總理兼海外貿(mào)易部長(zhǎng)

J . F?凱恩斯博士

(請(qǐng)賜復(fù);電話：）

再如，下面這則招標(biāo)通告的原譯文雖然"忠實(shí)"于原文，但不符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和格式，因而難以使讀者接受。改譯則根據(jù)英語招標(biāo)通告的文體特點(diǎn)和格式進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)亍案膶憽保棺g文所針對(duì)的讀者能夠充分了解該通告的內(nèi)容。

原文：

中國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)出口總公司

招標(biāo)通告編號(hào)198147

經(jīng)中華人民共和國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易部和日本海外經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)力基金會(huì)開發(fā)南寧至昆明鐵路工程貸款協(xié)議授權(quán),中國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)出口總公司，利用該項(xiàng)貸款，為購(gòu)買上述工程項(xiàng)目所需下列設(shè)備進(jìn)行國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性密封招標(biāo)。

在合格貨源國(guó)組建并注冊(cè)的制造商和/或商貿(mào)公司（合格貨源國(guó)系指上述貸款協(xié)議規(guī)定的世界上任何國(guó)家和地區(qū)），若有意參加，請(qǐng)于1998年9月21日至23日上午9時(shí)至11時(shí)(北京時(shí)間)與中國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)出口總公司三部聯(lián)系，購(gòu)買資質(zhì)與招標(biāo)文件,每套人民幣2 340元，售款不退還。定于1998年10月28日開標(biāo)。

設(shè)備清單(略）

中國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)出口總公司三部

地址：中國(guó)北京西三環(huán)北路21號(hào)久凌大廈

原譯文：

China National Technical Import & Export Corporation

(CNTIC)

Invitation for Bid- No. CNTIC -198147

In accordance with the Loan Agreement concluded between the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund of Japan for Nanning-Kunming Railway Project ( P43 ) , China National Technical Import & Export Corporation ( CNTIC ) is authorized to purchase the equipment listed below for the above-mentioned project by way of International Competitive Bidding (ICB ). All the purchases shall be financed with the proceeds of the Loan.

We hereby invite sealed bids from manufacturers and/or trading companies organized by and registered in and controlled by eligible source countries According to the stipulations of the Loan Agreement，the eligible source countries refer to all regions and countries of the world.

Interested manufacturers and/ or trading companies are kindly requested to contact the Third Division of CNTIC for obtaining the qualification and bidding documents between 9:00 and 11 ：00 am (Beijing) from September 21 to 23, 1998 upon non-refimdable payment of RMB 2,340 for all the following equipment in one book. The bid will be evened on October 28,1998.

List of Equipment

(omitted )

The Third Division, China National Technical Import & Export Corporation

Address ：Jiuling Building，21 Xisanhuan Beilu，Beijing, China

改譯文：

China National Technology Import & Export Corporation

(CNTIC)

Call for Tenders/Invitation for Bids No. CNTIC-198147

In accordance with the Loan Agreement concluded between the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund of Japan for Nanning-Kunming Railway Project ( P43)，China National Technology Import & Export Corporation (CNTIC) is authorized to purchase through international tendering/International Competitive Bidding (ICB) the equipment listed below. All the purchases shall be financed through the loan arrangement mentioned above.

List of Equipment (omitted)

Sealed lenders/bids are invited from tenderers/bidders-manufacturers and/or trading companies organized by and registered in and controlled by eligible source countries，which refers to all countries and regions of the world according to the stipulations of the Loan Agreement.

General terms and conditions together with qualification requirements are set out in a book which is obtainable from the Third Division of CNTIC between 9:00 and 11 ：00 am (Beijing) from September 21 to 23, 1998 against non-refundable payment of RMB ￥2,340.

All tenders/bids are to be validly received by the Third Division, China National Technology Import & Export Corporation before 1200 hours on the specified opening date at the address below. Tenders/bids will be opened on October 28,1998.

Any offer submitted after the closing date of the tender/bid，or which does not comply with the above terms, will not be accepted.

The Third Division，China National Technology Import & Export Corporation

Address ：Jiuling Building, 21 Xisanhuanbeilu, Beijing, China

綜上所述，商務(wù)應(yīng)用文的翻譯要想達(dá)到好的效果，就必須遵循商務(wù)英語應(yīng)用文的格式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。這就要求譯者系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)此類英語文體的知識(shí)，研究它們的語言特點(diǎn)和格式,爭(zhēng)取用說英語的人所喜聞樂見的表達(dá)方式來翻譯，從而使商務(wù)應(yīng)用文的翻譯真正做到與國(guó)際接軌。

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