Feminist scholars have tended to regard women in the nineteenth-century United States who elected to remain single as champions of women’s autonomy and as critics of marriage as an oppressive institution. Indeed, many nineteenth-century American women who participated in reform movements or who distinguished themselves as writers and professionals were single. Yet this view of single women tends to distort the meaning of their choices. The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal.?Consequently,?it became socially acceptable for women not to marry if such an ideal marriage could not be realized with an available suitor. Thus,?many women’s choice to remain single reflected not a negative view of marriage but a highly idealistic one.?

1. The author of the passage implies that many nineteenth-century American women chose to remain single because they

A.???? believed that marriage required them to give up much of their autonomy

B.???? had attitudes toward marriage that were influenced by contemporary reform movements

C.???? wanted to take advantage of increasing opportunities to distinguish themselves as professionals

D.???? doubted that their own marriage would live up to their notion of what a marriage ought to be

E.????? had a negative view of marriage fostered by a change in social attitudes during the nineteenth century

?

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2. The author of the passage suggests that the feminist scholars mentioned in the first sentence distort the meaning of certain nineteenth-century American women’s choices by

A.???? ascribing those choices to a particular attitude toward marriage

B.???? ignoring evidence about single women’s motives for becoming writers or professionals

C.???? overestimating the number of nineteenth-century American women who were single by choice.

答案揭曉：1.d?2.a

文章解析

寫在前面的話

1.關(guān)注句間邏輯、視角邏輯，把握全文主線.

2.有目的挑信息、形成預(yù)期、實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期.

第一句：引用觀點(diǎn)---重要

邏輯上：出現(xiàn)明顯的視角標(biāo)志詞，regarded...as，確定為引用觀點(diǎn).

信息上：女權(quán)學(xué)者認(rèn)為女性單身是捍衛(wèi)自己的主權(quán)、認(rèn)為婚姻是一種壓迫人的制度.

第二句：引用觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)---不重要

邏輯上：出現(xiàn)明顯的展開(kāi)邏輯標(biāo)志詞，indeed，確定為引用觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)

信息上：例舉平權(quán)人士和專業(yè)作家為單身的例子，突出自己的觀點(diǎn).

第三句：作者觀點(diǎn)---重要

邏輯上：出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯標(biāo)志詞yet，預(yù)期為作者觀點(diǎn)質(zhì)疑引用觀點(diǎn)，其次整句話有明顯的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，確定為作者觀點(diǎn)

信息上：作者認(rèn)為女性學(xué)者的研究扭曲了真正女性對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度.

邏輯補(bǔ)充：本句為作者觀點(diǎn)，用轉(zhuǎn)折的形式反駁或質(zhì)疑引用觀點(diǎn)，那么前面的引用觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一處理為讓步即可，如何理解？作者先肯定引用觀點(diǎn)，再通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折的方式反駁，從而突出自己的觀點(diǎn).

第四句：作者觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)---不重要

邏輯上：看到saw...as，先判斷為引用觀點(diǎn)，但是上一句是作者觀點(diǎn)，如何理解？作者觀點(diǎn)使用引用觀點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)自己的觀點(diǎn)（上一句的觀點(diǎn)）.

信息上：展開(kāi)真正的（沒(méi)有被扭曲的意圖）19世紀(jì)女性對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度：一個(gè)神圣理想的狀態(tài).

第五句：作者觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)---不重要

邏輯上：作者觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)，其次出現(xiàn)了consequently這種表示結(jié)果的邏輯詞，確定本句為結(jié)論，那么說(shuō)明第四句為導(dǎo)致結(jié)論發(fā)生的前提，確定第四句為前提.

信息上：繼續(xù)展開(kāi)女性對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度，整個(gè)社會(huì)是接受女性單身的，女性單身的原因是因?yàn)闆](méi)有找到理想的郎君.

邏輯補(bǔ)充：

引用觀點(diǎn)對(duì)女性不結(jié)婚單身的態(tài)度為：捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利

vs

作者認(rèn)為的真正態(tài)度為：整個(gè)社會(huì)接受單身且女性單身的原因是因?yàn)闆](méi)有找到合適的另一半

第六句：作者觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)---重要

邏輯上：出現(xiàn)thus這種結(jié)論標(biāo)志詞，意味著作者在做最終的總結(jié)，如何理解？作者依據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)為前提（yet.....choices），從而進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)自己的觀點(diǎn).（給自己做支撐）

信息上：作者認(rèn)為女性單身不是一種負(fù)面的態(tài)度，而是對(duì)自己婚姻的一種理想化.

信息補(bǔ)充：

出現(xiàn)了not a negative view of...說(shuō)明：

a.引用觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為是一種負(fù)面的 b.作者評(píng)價(jià)引用觀點(diǎn)的想法不對(duì)

如何理解a？閱讀中經(jīng)常會(huì)看到這種帶有情感態(tài)度的評(píng)價(jià)，這種經(jīng)常隱含引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度.

如：the difficulty of GRE test is overestimate.

GRE的難度被高估了

首先確定為作者觀點(diǎn).，其次也能反映出大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為GRE很難? vs? 作者認(rèn)為不難.

總結(jié)：

全文主線：強(qiáng)調(diào)“重要”的句子.

選項(xiàng)分析

第一題，信息題，問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為十九世紀(jì)女性單身的原因是什么？

本題問(wèn)的是原因，十九世紀(jì)女性單身的原因是因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得自己沒(méi)有遇到合適的另一半.

正選D，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)過(guò)于的抽象化，如何理解？直接理解成自己遇到的那些人沒(méi)有達(dá)到心中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（作者文中提到這種愛(ài)情是理想化的）

第二題，不定項(xiàng)的信息題，問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為首句引用觀點(diǎn)扭曲了女性對(duì)婚姻選擇的含義是什么？

首先要解決這道題我們得先來(lái)明確引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度：他們認(rèn)為女性單身是對(duì)自己獨(dú)立的象征，以及對(duì)婚姻制度的反抗，但是作者認(rèn)為這波人都扭曲了女性單身的真正意圖，女性單身是因?yàn)闆](méi)有遇到合適的另一半，作者認(rèn)為女性的婚姻狀態(tài)是理想化的.

因此A選項(xiàng)最合適，A仍是一個(gè)比較抽象的選項(xiàng)，如何理解？對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度理解成了平權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng).

作者：alchemist·/alchemist97（都是我）

禁止轉(zhuǎn)載、摘錄、基于二次創(chuàng)作.