正文翻譯

Do you think Mandarin will be a global language in the way that it will be used as a lingua franca when traveling and people all round the world will be learning it in school as a necessity?

你認(rèn)為普通話會(huì)成為一門(mén)全球性的語(yǔ)言嗎?成為旅行時(shí)的通用語(yǔ)，全世界的人都必須在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的那種

評(píng)論翻譯

Dan Holliday
Unlikely. You’re also cherry picking the most salacious example. I regret to inform you that if we go population v population, it’s India v. China. Or are we going with global hegemony? Or are we going with global infrastructure and momentum? Pick your poison. No matter which one you choose, English wins. Will it win forever? No. Some AI crafted language in the year 2500 will supplant English or some alien language or something else. It will not be Mandarin.

不太可能，況且你還挑了個(gè)最難以挑戰(zhàn)的例子。我遺憾地告訴你，如果我們以人口規(guī)模為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那就是印度vs中國(guó)。或者我們以全球霸權(quán)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，抑或是說(shuō)我們以全球的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和勢(shì)頭為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你自己選。無(wú)論你選擇哪一種，英語(yǔ)都是贏家。它會(huì)一直贏下去嗎?不。在（公元）2500年，一些人工智能語(yǔ)言將取代英語(yǔ)或一些外來(lái)語(yǔ)言或其他語(yǔ)言。但它不會(huì)是普通話。

Chow Po Sun
English proficiency is pretty much a “symbol” of higher education levels (which was particularly true when China, or Asian places in general, was less advanced and less rich then they were).
On a practical level, it also means you are more “in line with national standards” in some way and could work better in an international environment when you have to engage with external agents/customers.

英語(yǔ)水平基本上是高等教育水平的一個(gè)“標(biāo)志”，尤其是當(dāng)中國(guó)或者亞洲其他地方，還比較落后和不富裕的時(shí)候。
在實(shí)踐層面上，這也意味著你在某種程度上更“符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，當(dāng)你必須與外部代理/客戶打交道時(shí)，你可以在國(guó)際環(huán)境中更好地工作。

Bill Smith
Half the world speaks an Indo-European language. For those people, learning English is way easier than learning Chinese.
I can speak English, Spanish, and Mandarin. For a comparable level of fluency, learning Mandarin took four times as much time and effort as learning Spanish.

世界上有一半的人說(shuō)印歐語(yǔ)。對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)英語(yǔ)比學(xué)漢語(yǔ)容易得多。我會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和普通話。對(duì)于同等流利程度的人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)所花的時(shí)間和精力是學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)的四倍。

Henry Smith
English is the universal language of Aviation.
…Theoretically. I flew in Japan and some other countries. The big international airports like Haneda spoke it better than most Americans. Some of the Smaller airports though…

英語(yǔ)是航空的通用語(yǔ)言....。
我乘航班去過(guò)日本和其他一些國(guó)家，像羽田機(jī)場(chǎng)這樣的大型國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)說(shuō)得比大多數(shù)美國(guó)人都好。不過(guò)，一些較小的機(jī)場(chǎng)就……

Mac Holden
You are absolutely correct about Mandarin grammar. Po Sun, it is relatively simple. You are also correct about children. I remember travelling in the Caucusus region where they have languages so complex that only a lunatic would even consider creating grammatical rules that form the basis of those tongues. And yet, young children speak then fluently.
Regarding Chinese characters, I'm not sure that I agree that it is so easy. Yes there is a logic to them and it is wonderful to see the magic used by the specialists to create characters for new words or concepts. But I guess there is a clue there in the last statement. You need a committee to create new characters. When there are thousands and thousands of those characters. It is not at all am easy learning process for those not brought up with this as a mother tongue.

關(guān)于普通話的語(yǔ)法，你說(shuō)得非常正確，它比較簡(jiǎn)單。
你對(duì)孩子的看法也是正確的。我記得在高加索地區(qū)旅行時(shí)，那里的語(yǔ)言非常復(fù)雜，只有瘋子才會(huì)考慮創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，形成這些語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)。然而，當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆觽冋f(shuō)話很流利。
至于漢字，我不確定我是否同意它很容易。是的，它們是有邏輯的，看到專(zhuān)家們魔法一般地創(chuàng)造新字或新詞是很美妙的。
但是我想你最后一個(gè)表述中的問(wèn)題在于，你需要一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)創(chuàng)制新的漢字，如此一來(lái)，就會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)的漢字字符。對(duì)于那些不是在母語(yǔ)環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是一個(gè)容易的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程。

Chow Po Sun
The same goes for English and German as well, as a person whose mother tongue being neither of them (God why is German so incredibly complicated). They’ll tell you there are only 26 alphabets in English, but that is incredibly misleading considering English contains a hell ton of individual letters, of which containing many lookalikes that represent entirely different things (though, thought, through) with a total number of vocabularies that probably isn’t so different from that of Chinese characters after all.

Modern Chinese new words, somewhat like German, has phrases/word pairs formed by putting words that form similar meanings when read together to present foreign items or concepts (ie. 計(jì)算機(jī)/電腦, literally “calculation machine” or “electrical brain” for computers, 智能電話 literally Smart phone etc), and sometimes transliteration with words that has similar pronunciations if it’s a name of a specific person/entity (ie. 特朗普/川普 Trump). We don’t literally create new individual letters to represent new things or new concepts, and the context/meaning of newly formed wordings can be somewhat deduced from the letters used to construct them fairly easily provided you have put in efforts to understand and memorize the more commonly used letters, just like learning literally any other European languages. There are lots of individual characters in Chinese but only a Small portion of them are commonly used not unlike common English.
同樣的道理也適用于英語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)，作為一個(gè)母語(yǔ)不是這兩種語(yǔ)言的人(天哪，為什么德語(yǔ)這么復(fù)雜)。
他們會(huì)告訴你英語(yǔ)中只有26個(gè)字母，但這是非常令人難以置信的誤導(dǎo)，因?yàn)榭紤]到英語(yǔ)包含了大量的獨(dú)特詞匯，其中包含許多相似的字符，卻代表完全不同的事物(盡管（though），思考（thought），通過(guò)（through）)，其詞匯的總數(shù)可能與漢語(yǔ)詞匯并沒(méi)有太大的不同。
現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的新詞有點(diǎn)像德語(yǔ)，是把意義相近的詞放在一起讀來(lái)表達(dá)外來(lái)詞或某個(gè)概念。
我們并不為新事物或新概念創(chuàng)制一個(gè)全新的漢字，相反這個(gè)新事物/新意義可以相當(dāng)容易地從其所構(gòu)成的部件來(lái)推導(dǎo)其含義。你只需要努力去理解和記憶那些大眾經(jīng)常使用的漢字就夠了，這跟學(xué)習(xí)任何其他歐洲語(yǔ)言是一樣的。
漢語(yǔ)里的漢字很多，但只有很少一部分有被經(jīng)常使用，這點(diǎn)跟英語(yǔ)常用詞是不一樣的。

Arun Tharuvai
Most of the Bantu languages are tonal, and half of Africa speaks them.

大多數(shù)班圖語(yǔ)都是帶聲調(diào)的，有一半的非洲人說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言。

Mac Holden
Yes, I was aware of that. I think some native American languages also use tones.
Just looking up online some of the Bantu languages, it appears Swahili does not use tones and languages like Shona use 2.
I'd be very interested to know if it is a great help in learning Mandarin.

是的，我有注意到這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。
我認(rèn)為一些美洲土著語(yǔ)言也使用音調(diào)。只要在網(wǎng)上查一下班圖語(yǔ)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)斯瓦希里語(yǔ)（Swahili）并不像修納語(yǔ)（Shona）那樣使用音調(diào)和語(yǔ)言。
我很有興趣知道它是否對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)普通話有很大幫助。

Ankit
“1.6 billion people in the Indian Subcontinent are already seven generations invested in learning English.”
Lol, not really. English penetration in India was a mere 12% acc to the 2001 census. A middle class Indian is most likely only one/two generations invested in learning English.
It also depends on which part of India one hails from - many parts, esp the 542 Princely States weren’t under direct rule of the crown. My grandparents speak/spoke English, not sure if my great-grandparents did. Even if they did, they probably learnt it like most Americans learn Spanish.
That being said, English is and will be the dominant medium of instruction in Indian institutions. We don’t have a national language.

“印度次大陸上，16億人已經(jīng)有7代人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)?！?br>哈哈,沒(méi)那回事。與2001年人口普查相比，英語(yǔ)在印度的普及率只有12%。印度的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)很可能只有一兩代人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。這也取決于一個(gè)人來(lái)自印度的哪個(gè)地區(qū)——很多地方，尤其是542個(gè)土邦并不是由國(guó)王直接統(tǒng)治的。我的祖父母說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，不確定我的曾祖父母是否說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。即使他們學(xué)過(guò)，他們也可能像大多數(shù)美國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)一樣學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
話雖如此，英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在是，將來(lái)也將是印度教育機(jī)構(gòu)的主要教學(xué)媒介。
我們沒(méi)有官方語(yǔ)言。

Dan Holliday
I’m referring to the infrastructure. Think of the dozens of millions of VERY fluent English speakers and English teachers. Switching to Mandarin now means dispensing with that human and civil infrastructure and spending years and billions building a new one. And for what reasons?

我指的是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
想想那數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)非常流利的英語(yǔ)使用者和英語(yǔ)教師吧。
現(xiàn)在，改用普通話意味著要放棄那些人，并花費(fèi)數(shù)年、數(shù)十億美元來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)新的普通話。圖什么呢？

James Harding
Not to mention, the overwhelming majority of the world speaks a language much closer to English than Chinese as a second language, even if not a first.

更不用說(shuō)，世界上絕大多數(shù)人所說(shuō)的母語(yǔ)相比于漢語(yǔ)，跟英語(yǔ)更加接近。

Aikoria Aiko
While i upvoted, it's almost false to say Britain did not uplift English. The Indian subcontinent and Half of Africa would not be speaking English today without the British Empire

盡管我給樓主的評(píng)論點(diǎn)了贊，但如果說(shuō)英國(guó)沒(méi)有促進(jìn)英語(yǔ)水平的提升，這是錯(cuò)的。
如果沒(méi)有大英帝國(guó)，印度次大陸和非洲的一半地區(qū)今天都不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。

Dan Holliday
Britain didn’t set out to make English a global language. Britain —like all empires— made it the language of the empire of course (so did France or the US or Russia), but the global position? Never even tried.

英國(guó)并沒(méi)有打算讓英語(yǔ)成為一門(mén)全球語(yǔ)言。
英國(guó)就像所有的帝國(guó)一樣——當(dāng)然會(huì)使用自己帝國(guó)的語(yǔ)言(法國(guó)、美國(guó)或俄羅斯也是如此)，至于全球地位?從來(lái)沒(méi)有嘗試過(guò)。

Aikoria Aiko
Yes , but did the world really choose? … in my opinion the only reason English is the world's dominant language is because “The USA” would go on to become the biggest economy and military force in the world and given that much the world already spoke English, it just made sense for who ever didn't to learn the the language if they wanted to mingle. I think if a Spanish colony had emerged to become what The United States is today, then Spanish would have become the global language.

說(shuō)得對(duì)，但全世界有選擇嗎？
在我看來(lái)英語(yǔ)之所以是世界占統(tǒng)治地位的語(yǔ)言是因?yàn)椤懊绹?guó)”將繼續(xù)成為全球最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，最大軍事力量，再者在此之前，世界已經(jīng)在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。
我認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)西班牙殖民地變成了今天的美國(guó)，那么西班牙語(yǔ)也會(huì)成為全球語(yǔ)言。

Dan Holliday
Is the US a factor? Duh. But it was more like “we need a single language” and “Oh, here’s a 200 year hegemony that London just handed to Washington. All of science and industry has mostly quit speaking German and French. Well then, English it is! And what luck, the most powerful country speaks it too.” But the “power” isn’t so important (the USSR had to force its client states to learn Russian but their people boastfully learned English or French when given a chance) and China (who speaks a language not many people want to learn).

美國(guó)是原因之一？哈。
這更像是“我們需要一種單一的語(yǔ)言”，以及“哦，這是倫敦剛剛交給華盛頓的200年霸權(quán)?！彼械目茖W(xué)和工業(yè)都不再講德語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)了。那么，就是英語(yǔ)啦！多幸運(yùn)啊，最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家也說(shuō)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言哎?！?br>“實(shí)力“在這里并沒(méi)那么重要，蘇聯(lián)不得不強(qiáng)迫它的附庸國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ)，但他們的人民在有機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候卻驕傲地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)。中國(guó)也是，他所使用的語(yǔ)言沒(méi)多少人想學(xué)。

Aikoria Aiko
I think the US is a factor given that lots( if not the majority)of innovation and scientific publication in the 20th century happened there. If the US were a Spanish colony, most of these would have been written in Spanish. British( English ) influence would have still been there but would eventually fade to the background just like French and countries like Japan, China, many parts of Asia, half of Africa and some countries in Europe would not really be incentivized to learn the language the way they do now. Now when we get to ecomomic and social angle, things begin to take shape. Now imagine the world's biggest trader is Spanish and all of Hollywood was exported in Spanish. << i only included Hollywood because most of us only got to know about America through Hollywood, even some of my friends who speak mostly French >> Not only that, the country that get to influence and help re-build Japan and South Korea after second world war would have been Spanish. The majority of aids given to third world countries would have been coming from a Spanish country also..
As for Mandarin, i don't see a scenario where it becomes a global language. The factors that led to English becoming one just isn't there

我認(rèn)為美國(guó)是一個(gè)原因，因?yàn)?0世紀(jì)很多(如果不是大多數(shù)的話)的創(chuàng)新和科學(xué)出版物都發(fā)生在美國(guó)。如果美國(guó)是西班牙的殖民地，這些書(shū)大部分都將是用西班牙語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的。
現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我們從經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的角度來(lái)看，事情開(kāi)始有了輪廓。
現(xiàn)在想象一下，世界上最大的貿(mào)易商用的是西班牙語(yǔ)，所有的好萊塢電影也都是用的西班牙語(yǔ)（我之所以提到好萊塢，是因?yàn)槲覀兇蠖鄶?shù)人都是通過(guò)好萊塢才了解美國(guó)的，甚至包括我一些主要講法語(yǔ)的朋友）。不僅如此，在二戰(zhàn)后影響并幫助重建日本和韓國(guó)的國(guó)家是西班牙。給第三世界國(guó)家?guī)サ脑蠖鄶?shù)也來(lái)自西班牙。
至于普通話，我不認(rèn)為它會(huì)成為一門(mén)全球語(yǔ)言，因?yàn)閷?dǎo)致英語(yǔ)成為主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言的因素并不存在。

John Yang
It’s also how native speakers regard their own language. Native English speakers , eg Americans, view English as universal and expect non-native speakers to speak it. Native Mandarin speakers however view Mandarin as exclusive and when they see a non-Chinese (especially non-Asian) speak it it’s a novelty, literally worthy of a TV game show.
there’s also no two ways about it - English is 100x easier to learn.

這也是母語(yǔ)人士看待自己的語(yǔ)言的方式。以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人，如美國(guó)人，認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)是通用的，并希望非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)的人也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
以普通話為母語(yǔ)的人認(rèn)為普通話是唯一的，當(dāng)他們看到一個(gè)非中國(guó)人(尤其是非亞洲人)說(shuō)普通話時(shí)，會(huì)認(rèn)為這很新奇并值得在電視游戲節(jié)目中觀看。
再者，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)要比學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)容易100倍。

Tejas Gurjar (???? ??????)
It is hard to move on from one language to another. India too had similar problem around independence. India decided to use English and Hindi as official language for 15 years and then switch completely to hindi. But after 15 years non-hindi states protested against Hindi as sole official language and so we still have English and Hindi as official language and English as the medium of higher education.

從一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語(yǔ)言是很困難的。印度在獨(dú)立期間也有類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題。印度決定使用英語(yǔ)和印地語(yǔ)作為官方語(yǔ)言已有15年，后來(lái)才完全改用的印地語(yǔ)。但15年后，非印地語(yǔ)邦國(guó)抗議印地語(yǔ)作為唯一官方語(yǔ)言，所以我們?nèi)匀皇褂糜⒄Z(yǔ)和印地語(yǔ)作為官方語(yǔ)言，英語(yǔ)作為高等教育媒介。

Greg Kemnitz
One irony is an Indian “hegemon” may well end up being “Act 3” in the world linguistic hegemony of English, as Indians doing business outside India often use English - even with other Indians. (And frequently inside India as well…)
The only time they don’t is if they happen to be from the same part of India.
My own guess is India is the world’s biggest “English-speaking” country, if you take L2 English speakers into account…

具有諷刺意味的是，印度登上世界舞臺(tái)很可能最終成為英語(yǔ)世界語(yǔ)言霸權(quán)的“第三幕劇”，因?yàn)樵谟《纫酝獾牡胤阶錾獾挠《热私?jīng)常使用英語(yǔ)——甚至是和其他印度人。只有當(dāng)他們碰巧來(lái)自印度同一地區(qū)的時(shí)候，他們才不會(huì)這么做。
我個(gè)人的猜測(cè)是印度是世界上最大的“英語(yǔ)國(guó)家”，如果你考慮到說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人。

Richard Holder
Indians speak hundreds of languages.

印度人說(shuō)數(shù)百種語(yǔ)言。

Collin Williams
Another thing:
It’s feasible enough for people who’ve spoken Chinese since they were toddlers to learn thousands of characters.
But your average foreigner whose language uses some form of Latin scxt? Doubtful.
People as far inland as Kazakhstan are adopting the Latin scxt alphabet. However, the main three alternatives to Latin scxt are Cyrillic, Arabic, and Hindi. All three are alphabets of some sort, so whether said language uses Latin scxt to begin with isn’t particularly relevant to this question.
In contrast, there are 3 countries on earth where Chinese characters are the dominant scxt: China, Taiwan, and Japan, and if the Chinese government is to be believed, there are only 2. While the Japanese use Chinese characters (called Kanji), they also have an indigenous alphabet, or Katakana/Hiragana, which is popular for transliterating huge numbers of foreign loan words.

另一件事:
對(duì)于那些從小就會(huì)說(shuō)中文的人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)幾千個(gè)漢字是完全可行的。但是對(duì)于一般的使用某種形式的拉丁文字的外國(guó)人而言……我表示懷疑。
遠(yuǎn)在內(nèi)陸的哈薩克斯坦人也開(kāi)始采用拉丁字母。然而，拉丁文字的三個(gè)主要替代品是西里爾語(yǔ)、阿拉伯語(yǔ)和印地語(yǔ)。這三種語(yǔ)言都是某種類(lèi)型的字母，所以上述語(yǔ)言是否以拉丁字母開(kāi)頭與這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有特別的關(guān)系。
相比之下，世界上有三個(gè)國(guó)家/地區(qū)是漢字占主導(dǎo)地位的:中國(guó)、臺(tái)灣和日本，或者，只有兩個(gè)。雖然日本人使用漢字，但他們也有本土的字母表，即片假名/平假名，這在音譯大量外來(lái)詞時(shí)很流行。

Human beings come from different cultural backgrounds, but the default brain function of any person is the same: it’s easier to learn a short foreign alphabet than a foreign system of many thousands of characters. A variant of the Latin scxt normally has around 30 characters, and after learning them it’s simply a matter of combining them. Arabic’s a bit more complicated but once you learn the rules it’s pretty much the same way.
English is not the easiest Indo-European language to learn. However, it nonetheless has a super easy alphabet and has caught on by history’s good fortune. The spoken English language wouldn’t necessarily be easier to an Arabic speaker than Chinese, but in a digital age writing is more important than ever, and English readily wins that battle.
Cuneiform and hieroglyphs went extinct for a reason. Chinese scxt is just fine for the purposes of that society but over thousands of years they’ve also boxed themselves in. It’s too esoteric to have a broad coSmopolitan appeal. Their country’s powerful and they can increasingly compel outsiders to learn it but the change won’t come natural.

人類(lèi)來(lái)自不同的文化背景，但每個(gè)人的大腦默認(rèn)功能都是一樣的:學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的外國(guó)字母表比學(xué)習(xí)成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)漢字更容易。
拉丁文字的一種變體通常有大約30個(gè)字符，學(xué)習(xí)這些字符后，只需簡(jiǎn)單地把它們組合起來(lái)。阿拉伯語(yǔ)稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)，但是一旦你學(xué)會(huì)了規(guī)則，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)基本是一樣的。
英語(yǔ)不是最容易學(xué)的印歐語(yǔ)系語(yǔ)言。然而，盡管如此，它還是有一個(gè)超級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單的字母表，并被歷史的好運(yùn)氣所眷顧。對(duì)于說(shuō)阿拉伯語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)并不一定比中文更容易，但在數(shù)字時(shí)代，寫(xiě)作比以往任何時(shí)候都重要，而英語(yǔ)輕而易舉地贏得了這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗。
楔形文字和象形文字的滅絕是有原因的。對(duì)于那個(gè)社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)的文字很好，但是幾千年下來(lái)，他們也把自己封閉了起來(lái)。它太深?yuàn)W了，無(wú)法產(chǎn)生廣泛的世界性的吸引力。他們的國(guó)家很強(qiáng)大，他們可以越來(lái)越多地迫使外人學(xué)習(xí)它，但這種改變不會(huì)自然而然地到來(lái)。