正文翻譯

UK already undergoing disruptive climate change

英國目前已經(jīng)在經(jīng)歷破壞性的氣候變化了

新聞：

The UK is already undergoing disruptive climate change with increased rainfall, sunshine and temperatures, according to scientists.

科學家稱，英國目前已經(jīng)在經(jīng)歷破壞性的氣候變化了，降雨量、日照和氣溫都在增加。
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The year 2020 was the third warmest, fifth wettest and eighth sunniest on record, scientists said in the latest UK State of the Climate report.

科學家在最新的《英國氣候狀況》報告中表示，2020年是有記錄以來第三高溫的一年，第五潮濕的一年，第八日照最強的一年。

No other year is in the top 10 on all three criteria.

沒有哪一年在這三項指標上都躋身前10名。

The experts said that, in the space of 30 years, the UK has become 0.9C warmer and 6% wetter.

專家們說，在30年的時間里，英國的氣溫上升了0.9攝氏度，降雨量增加了6%。

The report's lead author Mike Kendon, climate information scientist at the UK Met Office, told BBC News: “A lot of people think climate change is in the future – but this proves the climate is already changing here in the UK.

該報告的主要作者、英國氣象局的氣候信息科學家邁克·肯頓告訴BBC新聞：“很多人認為氣候變化會發(fā)生在未來，但這證明英國的氣候現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在變化了?！?/p>

“As it continues to warm we are going to see more and more extreme weather such as heatwaves and floods.”

“隨著天氣持續(xù)變暖，我們將會看到越來越多的極端天氣，比如熱浪和洪水。”

The report says the UK has become hotter, sunnier and rainier:
1、2020 was the third warmest UK year since 1884; all the years in the top 10 are since 2002
2、Last year was one of the least snowy on record; any snow mainly affected upland and northern areas
3、Spring 2020 was the UK’s sunniest on record, and sunnier than most UK summers.
4、2020 was the UK’s fifth wettest year; six of the 10 wettest years have been since 1998

報告稱，英國變得越來越熱，陽光越來越多，雨也越來越多：
1、2020年是英國自1884年以來第三高溫的一年；前十名的年份都是2002年以后
2、去年是有記錄以來雪下得最少的一年之一。降雪主要影響高地和北部地區(qū)
3、2020年春天是英國有記錄以來日照最長的一年，比英國以往大多數(shù)夏天都陽光充足。
4、2020年是英國第五多雨的年份；10個最潮濕的年份中有6個是在1998年以后

Scientists warn of worse extreme weather if global temperatures rise and politicians fail to curb carbon emissions.

科學家警告說，如果全球氣溫上升，而政客們不能控制碳排放，將會出現(xiàn)更糟糕的極端天氣。

And in a separate report, scientists warned that greenhouse gas levels were already too high “for a manageable future for humanity“.

在另一份報告中，科學家警告稱，“對人類的可控未來而言”，溫室氣體水平已經(jīng)過高。

Liz Bentley, head of the Royal Meteorological Society, said that even if governments could achieve the challenging outcome of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5C – which looks very unlikely - that would still lead to a 10% increase in the amount of water the air can hold.

英國皇家氣象學會會長利茲·本特利表示，即使各國政府能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)將全球氣溫上升限制在1.5攝氏度以內(nèi)這一具有挑戰(zhàn)性的結(jié)果（這看起來不太可能），也仍將導致空氣中可容納的水量增加10%。

“In the UK,” she said, “we are likely to see temperatures of 40C. As we get 1.5C warming, that’ll be something we see on a regular basis.

她說：“在英國，我們可能會看到40攝氏度的氣溫。當氣溫上升1.5攝氏度時，這將是我們經(jīng)?？吹降那闆r。
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"People don’t realise that even a small temperature rise of 0.1 or 0.2 degrees overall can make a huge difference – especially in the frequency and intensity of extreme events.

“人們沒有意識到，整體氣溫即使只上升0.1或0.2度，也會產(chǎn)生巨大的差異——尤其是在極端事件的頻率和強度方面。

“We had roads melting last year, rails start to buckle, electric cabling starts to buckle. We often say we’d like a climate like the Med, but people were soon complaining they were too hot - not just in the day but especially at night.

“去年，我們的（柏油）道路開始融化，鐵軌開始變形，電纜開始彎曲。我們經(jīng)常說我們想要一個像地中海那樣的氣候，但很快人們就抱怨那里太熱了——不僅是白天，尤其是晚上。

“It often takes a massive high-impact event to change attitudes to the climate – so let’s hope what’s been happening recently with extreme weather will raise the will to tackle the problem.”

“改變?nèi)藗儗夂虻膽B(tài)度往往需要一個巨大的、具有重大影響的事件——所以讓我們希望最近發(fā)生的極端天氣能提高人們解決這個問題的意愿?！?/p>

The State of the Climate report also indicates that plants are responding to the changes in climate. Leaves appeared on average 10.4 days earlier than the 1999-2019 baseline for a range of common shrub and tree species.

《英國氣候狀況》還指出，植物對氣候變化做出了反應。一些普通灌木和喬木物種的葉子平均比1999-2019年的日期基線早10.4天出現(xiàn)。

While the signs of spring got earlier, so did the indications of autumn - trees in 2020 went bare on average 4.3 days earlier than the baseline.

雖然春天的跡象提前了，但秋天的跡象也提早了——2020年的樹木禿頂比日期基線平均早了4.3天。
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The report also said that, while substantial snow fell in 2018, 2013, 2010 and 2009, the number and severity of such weather events have declined since the 1960s.

該報告還表示，盡管2018年、2013年、2010年和2009年有大量降雪，但自上世紀60年代以來，此類天氣事件的數(shù)量和嚴重程度都有所下降。

Sir James Bevan, the head of the Environment Agency, said there were more than five million homes at risk of flooding in England - and "that risk is rising as the climate changes".

英國環(huán)境署署長詹姆斯·貝文爵士表示，英國有超過500萬戶家庭面臨洪水風險，而且“隨著氣候變化，這種風險正在上升”。

"We can't remove the risk but we can reduce it," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.

他在BBC廣播4臺的《今日》節(jié)目中說：“我們無法消除風險，但可以降低風險?！?/p>

He said the EA's thinking needed to change faster than the climate, and its new strategy was not only about preventing floods, but also making communities more resilient to flooding when it does happen so that it does less damage.

他說，英國環(huán)境署署長的想法需要比氣候變化更快地改變，它的新策略不僅是防止洪水，而且還要讓社區(qū)在洪水發(fā)生時能更有韌性，從而減少損失。

And Sir James said the government has made its biggest investment yet in flood defences, with ￡5.2bn of funding to be spent on building 2,000 new flood defence schemes over the next six years.

詹姆斯爵士表示，政府在洪水防御方面進行了迄今為止最大的投資，將在未來6年內(nèi)斥資52億英鎊建設2000個新的洪水防御計劃。
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Meanwhile, a new paper from the Climate Crisis Advisory Group, founded by the former UK chief scientist Prof Sir David King, asks whether rapid heating in the Arctic region is driving changes in the jet stream in a way that influenced the recent weather extremes.

與此同時，由前英國首席科學家大衛(wèi)·金爵士創(chuàng)立的氣候危機咨詢小組的一篇新論文質(zhì)疑，北極地區(qū)的快速變暖是否正在推動急流的變化，從而影響最近的極端天氣。

The jet stream is a core of strong winds travelling west to east about five to seven miles above the Earth.

急流是在地球上空大約5到7英里由西向東移動的強風的核心。

The new paper said: "We are simultaneously witnessing weather disaster in Germany, the highest temperatures for June in Finland and the US, the catastrophic heatwave in British Columbia, and extreme heat in Siberia.

這份新報告說：“我們同時目睹了德國的天氣災難，芬蘭和美國6月份的最高氣溫，不列顛哥倫比亞省的災難性熱浪，以及西伯利亞的極端高溫?！?/p>

"These are all outlier events that exceed what one would expect if it were 'only' a 1.2C warming impact (that's the amount the Earth has already warmed since pre-industrial times).

“這些都是超出了人們預期的異常事件，如果這‘才只是’變暖1.2攝氏度（這是自前工業(yè)時代以來地球已經(jīng)變暖的幅度）的影響的話。

"Greenhouse gas levels are already too high for a manageable future for humanity."
The paper, which has not been peer-reviewed, urges governments to start removing greenhouse gases at scale from the atmosphere.

“對人類來說，溫室氣體水平已經(jīng)太高了，高到了無法實現(xiàn)可控的未來。”這篇還沒有經(jīng)過同行評審的論文，敦促各國政府開始大規(guī)模地從大氣中去除溫室氣體。