TED演講者：Clementine Jacoby / 克萊門汀·雅各比

演講標(biāo)題：How bad data traps people in the US justice system / 壞數(shù)據(jù)如何將人們困于美國(guó)司法系統(tǒng)

內(nèi)容概要：Right now, hundreds of thousands of people are "stuck" in the US criminal justice system. They've completed all of their requirements for release, but nobody knows it because the system is run on old databases that don't talk to each other. TED Fellow Clementine Jacoby describes how we can fix it -- bringing thousands of people home, reducing costs and improving public safety along the way.

此時(shí)此刻，幾百千位人們正“困于”美國(guó)刑事司法系統(tǒng)之內(nèi)。他們已完成達(dá)成釋放的一切條件，卻因系統(tǒng)所用的舊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并無(wú)相連而導(dǎo)致無(wú)人知曉。TED Fellow克萊門汀·雅各比（Clementine Jacoby）為我們敘說(shuō)解決方案——讓數(shù)千人歸家同時(shí)，減低費(fèi)用并提升公共安全。

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【1】My uncle came home from prison when I was 15, but a few months later he was sent back.

我舅舅在我 15 歲時(shí) 從監(jiān)獄被釋放回家, 卻在幾個(gè)月后被再次送往牢里。

【2】The whole experience made me pay attention to the criminal justice system for the first time.

這整段經(jīng)歷讓我第一次開(kāi)始關(guān)注 刑事司法系統(tǒng)。

【3】I started talking to researchers, advocates and eventually to the people who run the US prison system.

我開(kāi)始與研究者、維權(quán)人士 乃至掌管美國(guó)監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)的人員交流。

【4】What surprised me most in those conversations was something they all agreed on.

這些談話中最讓我驚訝的是 所有人之間的一點(diǎn)共識(shí)。

【5】Everyone, the left, the right, advocates, agencies agreed that change was being slowed down by bad data.

大家 無(wú)論是民主黨、 共和黨、維權(quán)人士或有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu) 都覺(jué)得改變的步伐由壞數(shù)據(jù)拖累。

【6】Data that was scattered, stale, incomplete.

散落各地、陳舊不堪、 殘缺不全的數(shù)據(jù)。

【7】Data that made it really hard to know what was working.

讓人無(wú)法從中看出 有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)之處的數(shù)據(jù)。

【8】Data so bad that people who had done everything that they needed to do to be released from prison were still stuck in the system.

數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)于不堪,導(dǎo)致 已經(jīng)做好一切準(zhǔn)備出獄的人們 仍然屈身牢獄系統(tǒng)。

【9】Altogether, bad data means that hundreds of thousands of people are in prison and on probation and parole who don't need to be there.

總而言之, 壞數(shù)據(jù)使成百上千名 本該被釋放的人們 在監(jiān)獄、緩刑期與假釋期間徘徊。

【10】People like Kate.

就像凱特。

【11】In 2018, Kate was sentenced to four years on probation for a drug charge.

凱特在 2018 年因毒品控訴 被判了 4 年的緩刑期。

【12】At sentencing, the judge told her that if she was doing well, she could cut that sentence in half.

被判時(shí),法官告訴她 如果表現(xiàn)良好的話 就能減刑為半。

【13】Today she's sober, employed, has stable housing, she's got kids who are doing great.

如今她戒了毒、就了業(yè)、 擁有穩(wěn)定的住宅, 還有優(yōu)秀的孩子們。

【14】She did everything the judge asked, but she's still on probation.

她做了法官所要求的一切, 卻仍在服刑。

【15】Kate's parole officer, Allison, has been an officer in Idaho for six years.

凱特的假釋官愛(ài)麗森 已在愛(ài)達(dá)荷州任職六年。

【16】And she's great at her job.

她非常稱職。

【17】But her job is kind of impossible.

但她的工作近乎不可能完成。

【18】She is responsible for 90 people who each need to do 21 things in order to be released.

她負(fù)責(zé)管理 90 名 各自必須完成 21 件事項(xiàng) 才能被釋放的人員。

【19】And those 21 things live in five different databases.

而這 21 件事項(xiàng)被存儲(chǔ)在 5 個(gè)不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里。

【20】So earned credits in one place, drug tests in another, fines and fees in another.

獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)在一處, 毒品藥檢在另一處、 罰款和費(fèi)用又在另一處。

【21】Phone reception is bad in most parole offices, so to get the code to log into each system, she'd have to go to the parking lot.

大部分假釋辦公室里的 電話信號(hào)都不怎么好, 所以要獲取登錄各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的密碼 還得跑一趟停車場(chǎng)。

【22】And she would have to do that for 90 people every day manually just to know who had already done everything they needed to do to be released.

而她必須每天手動(dòng) 為 90 個(gè)人完成這些工作, 才能查看是否有人已經(jīng)完成了 各項(xiàng)釋放條件。

【23】So you can see how people fall through the cracks.

從此能看出 人們是如何淪為落網(wǎng)之魚的。

【24】And it's hundreds of thousands of people.

涉及人數(shù)成百上千。

【25】Nobody likes this.

沒(méi)有人喜歡看到這種現(xiàn)象。

【26】I have spent the last three years working with the people who run state prison systems, and I can tell you that nobody likes the fact that people are stuck in the system because databases aren't talking to each other.

我花費(fèi)了過(guò)去三年的時(shí)間 與掌管州立監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)的人們合作, 我可以這么告訴你, 沒(méi)有人喜歡看到 人們因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)的不相連 而深陷牢獄之中。

【27】It got like this because we have a fragmented system that grew really fast.

事情之所以淪落至此, 是因?yàn)槲覀冄矍斑@個(gè)支離破碎 又迅猛發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)。

【28】Starting in the '70s we saw runaway growth at every level of the US justice system.

從 70 年代開(kāi)始, 美國(guó)司法系統(tǒng)的每個(gè)層級(jí) 各行其道的現(xiàn)象都層出不窮。

【29】State prisons, county jails, city police departments all running their own collection of databases that don't talk to each other.

州立監(jiān)獄、 縣立監(jiān)獄、市級(jí)警察部門 都運(yùn)行著自己的一套 不與其它部門相連的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

【30】Fast forward to today and both sides of the aisle have fought to undo that growth, passing common-sense laws that let people who are succeeding earn their way out.

鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)向如今, 政治兩派都在奮力壓制這種增長(zhǎng), 通過(guò)了一些本該存在的法律, 讓努力想出獄的人真的有出獄的可能。

【31】But the data that an officer like Allison would need to actually enact those laws is still scattered across all those different systems.

但如愛(ài)麗森一樣的官員 想執(zhí)行這類法律所需的數(shù)據(jù) 仍然散落于各種系統(tǒng)之間。

【32】Criminal justice reform is complex.

刑事司法改革是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。

【33】But this specific part of the problem has a very clear solution.

但這一特定的問(wèn)題 有著十分清晰的解決方案。

【34】We can bring the data together.

我們可以把數(shù)據(jù)合源為一。

【35】We can build tools for decision-makers.

我們可以為決策人員建造工具。

【36】And those tools can directly translate to more people getting out of the system and staying out of the system.

而這些工具可以直接將更多人走出 并遠(yuǎn)離監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)。

【37】That's what we do at Recidiviz.

這就是我們 Recidiviz 的使命。

【38】We're a nonprofit engineering team.

我們是個(gè)非營(yíng)利的工程團(tuán)體。

【39】And for officers like Allison, we built a tool that answers three questions.

為了像愛(ài)麗森的官員,我們開(kāi)發(fā)了 回答以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題的工具:

【40】Who is eligible for release, literally right now; who's almost eligible, but just needs to do one more thing, like send in a picture of their pay stub.

誰(shuí)當(dāng)下已符合釋放條件、 誰(shuí)離合格只差一小項(xiàng)任務(wù) （例如上傳工資單）,

【41】And who actually needs help getting treatment, getting a job, finding housing.

而誰(shuí)真正需要 尋求醫(yī)療、工作與住宅方面的幫助。

【42】It's the simplest tool that you can imagine, but it means that suddenly Allison can help the people who actually need it and help everyone else get back to their lives.

這再簡(jiǎn)單不過(guò)的工具, 卻能頃刻間讓愛(ài)麗森能夠幫助 真正需要援手的人們, 協(xié)助其他人回歸正道。

【43】We launched this tool in Idaho six months ago.

6 個(gè)月前,我們?cè)趷?ài)達(dá)荷州 推出了這個(gè)工具。

【44】Within weeks, Kate was released.

短短幾個(gè)星期后,凱特被釋放了。

【45】Within months, five percent of people on probation and parole had either been moved to lower levels of supervision or moved out of the criminal justice system entirely.

幾個(gè)月內(nèi), 5% 處于緩刑與假釋期的犯人 或是被調(diào)低了監(jiān)視等級(jí)、 或是完全離開(kāi)了刑事司法系統(tǒng)。

【46】Five percent.

百分之五。

【47】Five percent.

百分之五。

【48】Let's say we scaled just that to all 50 states.

假設(shè)我們把這個(gè)工具 推廣到全部 50 個(gè)州。

【49】That alone would impact 200,000 people like Kate.

單是如此就能影響到 200,000 與凱特相同的人們。

【50】And it's just the first step.

而這只是第一步。

【51】That's one piece of the puzzle.

只是拼圖里的一片。

【52】We need better data at every level of criminal justice decision making.

我們?cè)谛淌滤痉Q策中的每個(gè)層級(jí) 都需要更好的數(shù)據(jù)。

【53】So that corrections leaders can see which treatment programs work.

從而讓懲教負(fù)責(zé)人 識(shí)別出成功的治療方案。

【54】So that supervisors can find and fix these broken processes that pull people back in.

從而讓主管們找出、 修正把人們拉回系統(tǒng)的故障程序。

【55】So that policymakers can see which laws are holding people back.

從而為政策制定者指明 妨礙人們的法律。

【56】These are the leaders that Americans are looking to to reduce incarceration, to reduce racial disparities, to save taxpayer dollars and to do it all safely.

他們就是美國(guó)人 試圖安全地減少監(jiān)禁、 降低種族間差異與節(jié)省稅金 所看向的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物。

【57】We're asking them to make pretty bold changes while flying blind.

我們要求他們?cè)谖粗驳那闆r下 做出相當(dāng)大膽的變革。

【58】Data can't fix the US justice system, but it can help 200,000 people who are stuck.

數(shù)據(jù)不能修復(fù)美國(guó)的司法系統(tǒng), 但它能挽救卡在系統(tǒng)里的 200,000 個(gè)人。

【59】It can show us which strategies are working.

它能告訴我們什么策略是有效的。

【60】It can give us the confidence that the laws that we fight for are actually helping the people that they're designed to help.

它能給予我們信心, 相信我們?yōu)橹畩^斗的法律 真的能夠幫助它們本該幫助的人們。

【61】We started this work because it felt like a clear place for software engineers to pitch in.

我們之所以打造了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目, 是因?yàn)檫@看起來(lái)是個(gè)軟件工程師 明顯能夠幫上忙的部分。

【62】But it turns out that getting data to decision-makers is one of the most promising strategies we have for transforming the whole system.

但事實(shí)證明,將數(shù)據(jù)傳達(dá)至決策人員 是轉(zhuǎn)變整個(gè)系統(tǒng) 最有希望的策略之一。

【63】So today, three years, eight states and thousands of people later, feels like we're just getting started.

所以今天,三年、 八州、幾千人之后, 我感覺(jué)我們的工作才剛剛起步。

【64】Thank you.

謝謝大家。