游仙境云山霧罩 覽勝景云霧繚繞 2020杭州師范大學(xué)翻譯碩士MTI英譯漢真題解析
真不知道該起個(gè)啥名了……
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也不知道該說(shuō)點(diǎn)啥好了……
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實(shí)在不行叫個(gè) ?杭州師大是大大，翻碩真題好怕怕……
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余生不解師大迷，只此一次師大題。
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杭師大的老師不知道從哪選的題，難，很難，難得都無(wú)法形容，CATTI一級(jí)筆譯
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的難度也差不多，就算沒(méi)有一筆的難度，里面也是有知識(shí)背景的……
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怎么說(shuō)呢？
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一道英譯漢的題，分了三段，貌似是一個(gè)整體，可是誰(shuí)跟誰(shuí)都不搭調(diào)；
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一段里面的句子，好像誰(shuí)跟誰(shuí)都不搭調(diào)，好像是拼湊起來(lái)的，又好像是老師給我
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們開(kāi)的玩笑……
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文章里面有很多生詞，就算每個(gè)詞的意思都知道，茶壺也不一定能夠把餃子全倒
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出來(lái)；就算能倒出來(lái)，漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有老狗級(jí)的水平，估計(jì)倒出來(lái)的也不是餃子，是片
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湯；就算是老狗漢語(yǔ)，翻譯出來(lái)的小狗句子，也是也是上句不接下句，驢唇不對(duì)
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馬嘴；倒得讓人真是懷疑自己是不是翻譯對(duì)了，是不是在做翻譯題，老師為什么
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要拿這么難的題出來(lái)考，或者是不是老師手上正在做的項(xiàng)目，或者……
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總之，倒得要懷疑能力，懷疑考試，懷疑翻碩，懷疑人生……
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最后，再起個(gè)題目就叫
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游仙境云山霧罩，覽勝景云霧繚繞
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各位看官，千萬(wàn)不要被嚇退，正戲開(kāi)始了！
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第一段：
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It is a familiar example of irony1?in the degradation2?of words that "what a man is worth" has come to mean3?how much money he possesses4; but there seems a deeper and more melancholy5?irony in the shrunken6?meaning that popular or polite speech assigns7?to "morality"8?and "morals9." The poor part these words are made to play recalls the fate of those pagan divinities who, after being understood to rule the powers of the air and the destinies of men, came down to the level of insignificant10?demons, or were even made a farcical11 show for the amusement of the multitude12.
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譯注：
1 irony ?反語(yǔ);冷嘲
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2 degradation N-VAR 丟臉;（尤指）落泊,墮落
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3 come to mean 是成語(yǔ),有 imply, suggest之意，即意味，意味著：has come to mean = 已經(jīng)意味著。
Our friendship came to mean more and more to me as time passed.
隨著時(shí)間的推移我們的友誼對(duì)我已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越重要...
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4 possess VERB 占有；擁有
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5 melancholy [?mel?nk?li] 使人憂郁的;令人憂傷的
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6 shrunken [??r??k?n] 縮小的;皺縮的;干癟的
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7assign [??sa?n] 分配;配給
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8 morality [m??r?l?ti] ?道德；道義;倫理
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9 moral [?m?r?l] 道德（規(guī)范）;品德;品行
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11 insignificant [??ns?ɡ?n?f?k?nt] 不重要的;無(wú)足輕重的
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12 farcical [?fɑ: s?kl] 胡鬧的;滑稽的;荒誕的
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13 multitude [?m?lt?tju: d] ?民眾；大眾；群眾
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Bleuciel1 藍(lán)天英語(yǔ)譯文：
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有人說(shuō)，一個(gè)人價(jià)值幾何，就看他有多少錢。這種貶損的說(shuō)法連諷帶刺兒，屢見(jiàn)不鮮。但是，當(dāng)這些流行禮貌的話語(yǔ)意思縮小，單指道德和品行的話，其諷刺意味更深刻、更讓人郁悶。這些話語(yǔ)被賦予的功能悲慘，讓人想起了那些異教神徒的命運(yùn)。在理解了他們要去統(tǒng)治天空的力量和人類命運(yùn)后，他們就被貶為了微不足道的魔鬼，被迫上演著娛樂(lè)大眾的鬧劇。
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異教神徒的命運(yùn)：異教徒是些什么東東？他們有著什么樣的命運(yùn)？他們?yōu)槭裁匆徽f(shuō)明去統(tǒng)治天空的力量和人類的命運(yùn)？他們?cè)趺幢毁H為魔鬼的？上演的鬧劇又是什么？
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這些都需要一定的背景知識(shí)。
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第二段：
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Talking to Melissa（梅麗莎）in a time of1?commercial trouble2, I found her disposed3?to speak pathetically4?of the disgrace5?which had fallen on Sir Gavial Mantrap（蓋威爾·曼特普）, because of his conduct6?in relation to the Eocene Mines, and to other companies ingeniously7?devised8?by him for the punishment of ignorance in people of small means9: a disgrace by which the poor titled gentleman was actually reduced10?to live in comparative11?obscurity12?on his wife's settlement13?of one or two hundred thousand in the consols.
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譯注：
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1 In a time of: “在．．．．這段時(shí)間”
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2 Commercial trouble: 商業(yè)危機(jī)
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3 disposed: ?樂(lè)意的;愿意的
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4 pathetically[p??θetik?li] 可憐的
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5 disgrace: 丟臉;恥辱;不光彩
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6 conduct ?[k?n?d?kt , ?k?nd?kt]?行為;舉止
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7 ingeniously [?n?d?i: ni?sli] 巧妙的;制作精巧的;新穎獨(dú)特的
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8 devised [d??va?zd] 設(shè)計(jì);發(fā)明;策劃;想出
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9 means 除了有“方法，手段”的意思之外，還有“財(cái)富，自立，收入”的意思。所以，a man/woman of means在口語(yǔ)中表示“富人”， a man/woman of means則表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的人”?！ ?/p>
例如：Only a ma n of means could afford such a big house.
只有富人才買得起這樣的大宅第?！ ?/p>
She wished to exhibit Jessica, who was gaining in maturity and beauty, and whom she hoped to marry to a man of means.
她想借此機(jī)會(huì)炫耀一下已經(jīng)出落得美麗多姿的女兒杰西卡，她希望杰西卡能嫁一個(gè)富人?！ ?/p>
He was a man of small means. 他是一個(gè)收入微薄的人。
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10 reduce?使淪為，使陷入（不好的境地）
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11 comparative 相比較的
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12 obscurity[?b?skj??r?ti]?無(wú)名；默默無(wú)聞
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13 settlement (爭(zhēng)議雙方的)正式協(xié)議，和解
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Bleuciel1 藍(lán)天英語(yǔ)譯文：
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在商業(yè)危機(jī)的這段時(shí)間里，我和梅麗莎談話時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，她很愿意以一種憐憫的口吻說(shuō)起讓蓋威爾·曼特普先生蒙羞的過(guò)往。因?yàn)樗男袨榕c始新世礦山（Eocene Mines）和一些其它公司有關(guān)。這些公司由他巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)，為的就是懲罰窮人的無(wú)知。這是一種恥辱，這位頭銜貧寒的紳士在與妻子合解了十萬(wàn)到二十萬(wàn)的公債后，過(guò)上了無(wú)人問(wèn)津的生活。
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第一段談人的價(jià)值，第二段怎么又出現(xiàn)了商業(yè)危機(jī)？梅麗莎和曼特普是何許人也？曼特普如何巧妙設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)公司？為什么要懲罰人的無(wú)知？后面合解的公債又是什么東東？
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恐怕這是某本書(shū)的一小段或者是幾句話。
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第三段：
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"Surely your pity is misapplied1," said I, rather dubiously2, for I like the comfort of trusting that a correct moral judgment is the strong point in woman (seeing that she has a majority of about a million in our islands), and I imagined that Melissa might have some unexpressed grounds for her opinion. "I should have thought you would rather be sorry for Mantrap's victims--the widows3, spinsters4, and hard-working fathers whom his unscrupulous5?haste to make himself rich has cheated of all their savings, while he is eating well, lying softly, and after impudently6?justifying7?himself before the public, is perhaps joining in the General Confession8?with a sense that he is an acceptable object9?in the sight of God, though decent10?men refuse to meet him."
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1 misapply 誤用;濫用
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2 dubiously 可疑的;靠不住的;曖昧的
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3 widow寡婦;遺孀
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4 spinster (老)處女;未婚中年(或老年)女子
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5 unscrupulous 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的；不道德的；無(wú)道德原則的
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6 impudently ?放肆的;無(wú)禮的
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7 justify 證明（決定、行為或想法）正當(dāng)；表明…必要
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8 General Confession總懺悔(教區(qū)全體會(huì)眾的共同懺悔，尤指共同祈禱的一部分)
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9 object 目的；目標(biāo)；宗旨
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10 decent像樣的;尚好的;過(guò)得去的
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Bleuciel1 藍(lán)天英語(yǔ)譯文：
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你的憐憫之情肯定是被誤解了，”我有點(diǎn)懷疑地說(shuō)，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g相信正確的道德判斷是女人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)（因?yàn)樗谖覀儘u上擁有大約100萬(wàn)的多數(shù)席位），這讓我感到安慰，我想梅麗莎的觀點(diǎn)可能有未表達(dá)的理由?！拔冶疽詾槟銓幵笧槁乩盏氖芎φ吒械奖浮切┕褘D、老處女和辛勤工作的父親們。這些父親們毫無(wú)顧忌地急于致富，結(jié)果被騙光所有的積蓄，而他吃好的，躺軟床，在公眾面前厚顏無(wú)恥地為自己辯護(hù)后，也許是帶著一種在上帝的眼中他是一個(gè)可以被接納的目標(biāo)的感覺(jué)，加入了總懺悔，盡管正派人拒絕與他見(jiàn)面?！?/p>
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我們島上擁有大約100萬(wàn)的多數(shù)席位：我們島？什么島？蓬萊仙島嗎？怎么又出現(xiàn)了席位？梅麗莎的觀點(diǎn)？什么觀點(diǎn)？在公眾面前厚顏無(wú)恥地為自己辯護(hù)？為什么要辯護(hù)？辯護(hù)都說(shuō)了些什么內(nèi)容？為什么有一種被上帝接納的感覺(jué)？為什么正派人拒絕與他見(jiàn)面？
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這些問(wèn)題不讀上下文是很難理解的。
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也希望有知道上下文的同學(xué)給個(gè)答案，一解題迷。
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下面是詞匯的拓展內(nèi)容，如果想學(xué)習(xí)，可以下滑觀看，否則請(qǐng)忽略。
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第一段中詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：（包括全部釋義和同義詞辨析）
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1 irony ?反語(yǔ);冷嘲
(1) Irony is a subtle form of humour which involves saying things that you do not mean.
They find only irony in the narrator's concern...
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)敘述者只是一味地嘲諷。
Sinclair examined the closed, clever face for any hint of irony, but found none.
辛克萊審視著那張不動(dòng)聲色的精明的臉龐，試圖尋找任何冷嘲的跡象,但是卻什么都沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
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(2) N-VAR 有諷刺意味的情形;令人啼笑皆非之處
If you talk about the irony of a situation, you mean that it is odd or amusing because it involves a contrast.
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The irony is that many officials in Washington agree in private that their policy is inconsistent...
具有諷刺意味的是,華盛頓的很多官員都私下里承認(rèn)他們的政策前后不一致。
Opposition parties lost no time in stressing the irony of his return to power after being rejected by voters in November.
他 11 月份遭選民否決后又重新上臺(tái)，反對(duì)黨馬上對(duì)這一諷刺性現(xiàn)象大做文章。
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同義詞辨析
sarcasm, irony, satire【詞義：諷刺】
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sarcasm n. 諷刺，挖苦
〔辨析〕指以口頭或書(shū)面的方式說(shuō)出的與實(shí)際意思相反的話語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)他人尖刻的挖苦、蔑視或惱怒。
〔例證〕'Good of you to arrive on time,' Jim said, with heavy sarcasm.
“你到得真準(zhǔn)時(shí)呀?！奔氛f(shuō)道，話語(yǔ)里帶著強(qiáng)烈的諷刺。
He always spoke with a trace of sarcasm.
他說(shuō)話總是帶著一絲挖苦的味道。
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irony n. 冷嘲，諷刺，反語(yǔ)
〔辨析〕主要指表面的話語(yǔ)和實(shí)際的意思相反，常具有幽默或逗樂(lè)的作用。
〔例證〕She spoke to him with irony in her voice.
她語(yǔ)氣嘲諷地對(duì)他說(shuō)話。
Her writing contains a hint of irony.
她的作品帶有一絲嘲諷意味。
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satire n. 諷刺，譏諷
〔辨析〕多指以幽默方式對(duì)勢(shì)利、愚蠢、罪惡等世態(tài)所作的嘲諷。
〔例證〕Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.
諷刺往往是一種對(duì)不公正進(jìn)行抗議的形式。
His works are characterized by humour and biting satire.
他的作品以幽默和尖銳的諷刺為特色。
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2 degradation N-VAR 丟臉;（尤指）落泊,墮落
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(1) You use degradation to refer to a situation, condition, or experience which you consider shameful and disgusting, especially one which involves poverty or immorality.
They were sickened by the scenes of misery and degradation they found...
目睹困苦、潦倒的景象，他們感到心里極不舒服。
She described the degradations she had been forced to suffer.
她描述了自己被迫經(jīng)受的屈辱。
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(2)N-UNCOUNT 惡化;變?cè)?衰退
Degradation is the process of something becoming worse or weaker, or being made worse or weaker.
I feel this signals the degradation of American culture.
我覺(jué)得這標(biāo)志了美國(guó)文化的沒(méi)落。
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(3) N-UNCOUNT (土地或環(huán)境的)退化
The degradation of land or of the environment is the process of its becoming damaged and poorer, for example because of the effects of pollution, industry, and modern agricultural methods.
There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.
在一些干旱地帶存在嚴(yán)重的土地退化問(wèn)題。
...the accelerating degradation of our planet's natural environment.
地球上自然環(huán)境的加速退化
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(4) N-UNCOUNT 降解
In science, the degradation of a substance is the process of its breaking down into its separate parts or elements.
...the degradation of salicylic acid in plants.
植物中水楊酸的降解
“一個(gè)人的價(jià)值”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用來(lái)指他擁有多少金錢，這是一個(gè)很熟悉的諷刺詞匯墮落的例子;但是，在通俗或禮貌用語(yǔ)賦予“道德”和“道德”的縮水意義中，似乎有一種更深刻、更憂郁的諷刺意味。這些詞所扮演的可憐角色讓人想起那些異教神靈的命運(yùn)，他們?cè)诒焕斫鉃榻y(tǒng)治著空中的力量和人類的命運(yùn)之后，降到了微不足道的惡魔的水平，甚至被制作成一出鬧劇，供大眾娛樂(lè)。
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3 come to mean 是成語(yǔ),有 imply, suggest之意，即意味，意味著：has come to mean = 已經(jīng)意味著。
Our friendship came to mean more and more to me as time passed.
隨著時(shí)間的推移我們的友誼對(duì)我已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越重要...
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4 possess VERB 占有；擁有
(1) If you possess something, you have it or own it.
He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon...
他隨后被逮捕，并被控?fù)碛泄粜晕淦鳌?/p>
He is said to possess a fortune of more than two-and-a-half-thousand million dollars.
據(jù)說(shuō)他擁有超出25億美元的財(cái)富。
(2) VERB 具備，具有（特定品質(zhì)、才能等）
If someone or something possesses a particular quality, ability, or feature, they have it.
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...individuals who are deemed to possess the qualities of sense, loyalty and discretion...
被認(rèn)為具備了理性、忠誠(chéng)和判斷力的人
This figure has long been held to possess miraculous power.
這個(gè)數(shù)字長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)都被認(rèn)為擁有神奇的力量。
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(3) VERB （情感或信仰）影響，控制
If a feeling or belief possesses you, it strongly influences your thinking or behaviour.
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Absolute terror possessed her...
她恐懼到了極點(diǎn)。
Tsvetayeva was possessed by a frenzied urge to get out of Moscow.
茨維塔耶娃內(nèi)心有一種想要離開(kāi)莫斯科的狂熱沖動(dòng)。
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PHRASE （表示驚訝）是什么驅(qū)使…（干…），是什么促使…（做…）
If you ask what possessed someone to do something, you are emphasizing your great surprise that they have done something which you consider foolish or dangerous.
What on earth had possessed her to agree to marry him?
究竟是什么讓她同意嫁給他的？
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同義詞辨析
Have, enjoy, hold, own, possess【詞義：有】
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have v. 〈尤英〉有，擁有
〔辨析〕又作 have got, 指擁有某物并可隨時(shí)使用，作此義解時(shí)，通常用于口語(yǔ)；也指具有某種外表、特性、特征等或包括某物在內(nèi)。
〔例證〕He has brown eyes. 他眼睛是棕色的。
He has a house in the country. 他在鄉(xiāng)下有一所房子。
The bottle still has beer in it. 瓶子里還有啤酒。
The masses have boundless creative power. ?群眾有無(wú)限的創(chuàng)造力。
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enjoy v. 〈正式〉擁有，享有
〔辨析〕通常指享有聲譽(yù)、權(quán)利、利益等好的東西。
〔例證〕We all enjoy free medical care. 我們都享有公費(fèi)醫(yī)療。
The people there enjoy extensive democracy and freedom.
那里的人們享有廣泛的民主和自由。
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hold v. 擁有，持有
〔辨析〕指擁有某些財(cái)產(chǎn)或頭銜，也可表示心中懷有某種看法。
〔例證〕He held most of the shares in the business.
他持有這家企業(yè)的大部分股份。
Who was the last Briton to hold the title?
最后一名擁有該稱號(hào)的英國(guó)人是誰(shuí)？
They still hold that view on the matter.
關(guān)于此事，他們依然持那種看法。
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own v. 擁有
〔辨析〕指具有所有權(quán)，尤指因購(gòu)買、接受贈(zèng)予等而合法地?fù)碛小?/p>
〔例證〕He owns this house. 他擁有這所房子。
Who owns this tree? 這棵樹(shù)歸誰(shuí)所有？
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possess v. 〈正式〉擁有，具有
〔辨析〕通常指擁有某種好的品質(zhì)、能力等，也指持有某物。
〔例證〕Rose is a woman who possesses rare intelligence.
羅絲是一個(gè)擁有非凡智慧的女人。
We need young people who possess good qualities.
我們需要品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的年輕人。
He was found guilty of possessing heroin.
他私藏海洛因的罪名成立。
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5 melancholy [?mel?nk?li]
(1) ADJ-GRADED 使人憂郁的;令人憂傷的
You describe something that you see or hear as melancholy when it gives you an intense feeling of sadness.
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...a painter of haunting melancholy canvases...
一位畫(huà)作中飽含揮之不去的憂傷情緒的畫(huà)家
The only sounds were the distant, melancholy cries of the sheep...
只聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處羊群的哀鳴。
The songs start soft and melancholy.
歌聲輕柔而憂傷地響起。
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(2) N-UNCOUNT (習(xí)慣性或氣質(zhì)上的)憂郁，憂傷
Melancholy is an intense feeling of sadness which lasts for a long time and which strongly affects your behaviour and attitudes.
I was deeply aware of his melancholy as he stood among the mourners...
當(dāng)他站在致哀的人群中時(shí)，我深深地體會(huì)到了他的憂傷。
The general watched the process with an air of melancholy.
將軍神情憂郁地望著隊(duì)列經(jīng)過(guò)。
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(3) ADJ-GRADED 憂郁的;悲傷的
If someone feels or looks melancholy, they feel or look very sad.
It was in these hours of the late afternoon that Tom Mulligan felt most melancholy...
傍晚這幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，湯姆·馬利根最為抑郁。
He fixed me with those luminous, empty eyes and his melancholy smile.
他笑容憂郁地凝視著我，閃亮的眼睛里空無(wú)一物。
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5 shrunken [??r??k?n]
DJ-GRADED 縮小的;皺縮的;干癟的
Someone or something that is shrunken has become smaller than they used to be.
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She now looked small, shrunken and pathetic...
她現(xiàn)在看上去瘦小而干癟，很可憐。
His shrunken thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.
他干癟的大腿幾乎不足以支撐他身體的重量。
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7assign [??sa?n]
(1) VERB 分派（工作）；布置（作業(yè)）
If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do.
When I taught, I would assign a topic to children which they would write about...
我教課時(shí)會(huì)給孩子們布置一個(gè)題目，讓他們就這個(gè)題目寫(xiě)點(diǎn)東西。
Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers...
今年晚些時(shí)候，她將給他們指定研究論文。
When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.
當(dāng)老師布置家庭作業(yè)的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們通常覺(jué)得做作業(yè)是分內(nèi)之事。
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(2) VERB 分配;配給
If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use.
The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker...
賣方經(jīng)紀(jì)人須隨后將部分傭金分給買方經(jīng)紀(jì)人。
He assigned her all his land in Ireland.
他把自己在愛(ài)爾蘭的所有土地都轉(zhuǎn)給了她。
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(3) VERB 委派;派往;指派
If someone is assigned to a particular place, group, or person, they are sent there, usually in order to work at that place or for that person.
I was assigned to Troop A of the 10th Cavalry...
我被派往第10騎兵隊(duì)的A連。
Did you choose Russia or were you simply assigned there?...
你是自己選擇去的俄羅斯還是就是被派到那里的？
Each of us was assigned a minder, someone who looked after us.
我們每個(gè)人都被派了一個(gè)看護(hù)人來(lái)照顧我們。
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(4) VERB 賦予，給予（功能或價(jià)值）
If you assign a particular function or value to someone or something, you say they have it.
Under Mr. Harel's system, each business must assign a value to each job...
根據(jù)哈雷爾先生的體系，每個(gè)企業(yè)必須賦予每份工作一定的價(jià)值。
Assign the letters of the alphabet their numerical values — A equals 1, B equals 2, etc.
給字母表里的每個(gè)字母賦予相應(yīng)的數(shù)值——A等于1，B等于2，等等。
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8 morality [m??r?l?ti]
(1) N-UNCOUNTABLE 道德；道義;倫理
Morality is the belief that some behaviour is right and acceptable and that other behaviour is wrong.
...standards of morality and justice in society. 社會(huì)道德和正義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
...an effort to preserve traditional morality. 維護(hù)傳統(tǒng)道德的努力
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(2) N-COUNT 道義準(zhǔn)則;道德規(guī)范;倫理學(xué)
A morality is a system of principles and values concerning people's behaviour, which is generally accepted by a society or by a particular group of people.
...a morality that is sexist. ?存在性別歧視的道德規(guī)范
...communities and their shared moralities. ?社區(qū)和其共同的道義準(zhǔn)則
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(3) N-UNCOUNT 道德性；道德
The morality of something is how right or acceptable it is.
...the arguments about the morality of blood sports.
有關(guān)獵殺動(dòng)物行為是否道德的爭(zhēng)論
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9 moral [?m?r?l]
(1)N-PLURAL 道德（規(guī)范）;品德;品行
Morals are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong behaviour.
...Western ideas and morals... 西方的思想和道德規(guī)范
They have no morals. ?他們沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)品行。
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(2) ADJ 道德上的;道義上的
Moral means relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong.
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She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film.
她講述了拍攝這部電影過(guò)程中她在道義上所面臨的兩難選擇。
...matters of church doctrine and moral teaching.
教會(huì)教義和道德教化的事情
...the moral issues involved in 'playing God'. 《洛城疑云》中涉及的道德問(wèn)題
(3) ADJ （勇氣或職責(zé)）道義上的;基于道德規(guī)范的
Moral courage or duty is based on what you believe is right or acceptable, rather than on what the law says should be done.
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The Government had a moral, if not a legal duty to pay compensation.
政府即使沒(méi)有法律責(zé)任，在道義上也有責(zé)任來(lái)賠償。
...his moral courage and sane defence of his philosophy.
他的道德勇氣和對(duì)自己觀點(diǎn)明智的辯護(hù)
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(4) ADJ-GRADED 有道德的;品行端正的
A moral person behaves in a way that is believed by most people to be good and right.
The people who will be on the committee are moral, cultured, competent people.
進(jìn)入委員會(huì)的人要品行端正，有文化，有能力。
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(5) ADJ (支持)道義上的，精神上的
If you give someone moral support, you encourage them in what they are doing by expressing approval.
Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide.
西方國(guó)家應(yīng)該提供道義支持和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。
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(6) N-COUNT (由故事、事件引出的)道德訓(xùn)誡，寓意
The moral of a story or event is what you learn from it about how you should or should not behave.
I think the moral of the story is let the buyer beware...
我想這個(gè)故事的寓意是提醒購(gòu)物者當(dāng)心。
The moral is that, once cooked, they look the same and taste every bit as good.
由此可知，烹飪后，它們的味道和品相都別無(wú)二致。
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11 insignificant [??ns?ɡ?n?f?k?nt]
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ADJ-GRADED 不重要的;無(wú)足輕重的
Something that is insignificant is unimportant, especially because it is very small.
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In 1949 Bonn was a small, insignificant city.
1949 年時(shí)波恩還是個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的小城市。
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12 farcical [?fɑ: s?kl]
ADJ-GRADED 胡鬧的;滑稽的;荒誕的
If you describe a situation or event as farcical, you mean that it is so silly or extreme that you are unable to take it seriously.
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...a farcical nine months' jail sentence imposed yesterday on a killer.
昨天判處一個(gè)殺人犯 9 個(gè)月監(jiān)禁的荒唐判決
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13 multitude [?m?lt?tju: d]
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(1) QUANT 許多;大量;大批;大群
A multitude of things or people is a very large number of them.
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There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along...
有很多可以騎車的寧?kù)o小路。
Addiction to drugs can bring a multitude of other problems.
毒癮會(huì)帶來(lái)許多其他問(wèn)題。
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(2) N-COUNT 一大群人;人群
You can refer to a very large number of people as a multitude .
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...surrounded by a noisy multitude.
被喧鬧的人群圍著
...the multitudes that throng around the Pope.
圍在主教周圍的人群
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(3) N-COUNT-COLL 民眾；大眾；群眾
You can refer to the great majority of people in a particular country or situation as the multitude or the multitudes .
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The hideous truth was hidden from the multitude...
向大眾隱瞞了駭人聽(tīng)聞的真相。
It is our task to convince the multitudes that we are pursuing a lawful hobby in a lawful way.
我們的任務(wù)是要讓民眾相信，我們是在用合法的方式來(lái)從事一種合法的愛(ài)好。
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第二段中詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：
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1 In a time of: “在．．．．這段時(shí)間”
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2 Commercial trouble: 商業(yè)危機(jī)
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3 disposed:
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(1) ADJ-GRADED 樂(lè)意的;愿意的
If you are disposed to do something, you are willing or eager to do it.
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We passed one or two dwellings, but were not disposed to stop...
我們路過(guò)了一兩個(gè)歇腳處，但卻無(wú)意駐足。
I might have been disposed to like him in other circumstances...
若是處于另一番情形的話，我可能會(huì)傾心于他。
He is then more generously disposed to admit the validity of opposing views.
他那時(shí)更愿意大度地承認(rèn)反方觀點(diǎn)的正確性。
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(2) ADJ-GRADED （態(tài)度、看法）有…傾向的
You can use disposed when you are talking about someone's general attitude or opinion. For example, if you are well or favourably disposed to someone or something, you like them or approve of them.
I saw that the publishers were well disposed towards my book...
我看出出版商對(duì)我的書(shū)頗有好感。
Every government is ill-disposed to the press, all or some of the time...
歷屆政府一直以來(lái)——或者說(shuō)某些時(shí)候——都對(duì)新聞界冷面相待。
I think they want kids to be favorably disposed to this company and see them in a more positive light.
我覺(jué)得他們是想讓孩子們認(rèn)可這種陪伴，并且對(duì)他們能夠正眼相看。
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(3) ADJ 以…形式排列的
If things are disposed in a particular way, they are arranged in that way.
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Anyone seeking to paint 18th-century rooms needs to be familiar with the way colour was disposed within a room.
任何人想要對(duì) 18 世紀(jì)的房間進(jìn)行粉刷，都需要熟悉房間內(nèi)色彩的布局。
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4 pathetically[p??θetik?li] 可憐的
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5 disgrace:
(1) N-UNCOUNT 丟臉;恥辱;不光彩
If you say that someone is in disgrace, you are emphasizing that other people disapprove of them and do not respect them because of something that they have done.
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His vice president also had to resign in disgrace...
他的副總統(tǒng)也被迫不光彩地辭去職務(wù)。
She has brought disgrace upon womankind.
她的行為讓女性蒙羞。
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(2) N-SING 丟臉的事;不名譽(yù)的事
If you say that something is a disgrace, you are emphasizing that it is very bad or wrong, and that you find it completely unacceptable.
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The way the sales were handled was a complete disgrace...
這種銷售手段為人所不齒。
The national airline is a disgrace.
國(guó)家航空公司真可恥。
(3) N-SING 讓人蒙羞的人
You say that someone is a disgrace to someone else when you want to emphasize that their behaviour causes the other person to feel ashamed.
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Republican leaders called him a disgrace to the party...
共和黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人稱他是全黨的恥辱。
What went on was a scandal. It was a disgrace to Britain.
發(fā)生的一切是個(gè)丑聞，是給英國(guó)抹黑。
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(4) VERB 使丟臉;使受辱
If you say that someone disgraces someone else, you are emphasizing that their behaviour causes the other person to feel ashamed.
I have disgraced my family's name...
我讓家人蒙羞。
I've disgraced myself by the actions I've taken.
我的行為讓我顏面盡失。
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6 conduct ?[k?n?d?kt , ?k?nd?kt]
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(1) VERB 進(jìn)行;組織;實(shí)施
When you conduct an activity or task, you organize it and carry it out.
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I decided to conduct an experiment...
我決定進(jìn)行一次實(shí)驗(yàn)。
He said they were conducting a campaign against democrats across the country...
他說(shuō)他們正在全國(guó)開(kāi)展反對(duì)民主黨人的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The council conducted a survey of the uses to which farm buildings are put.
地方議會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)建筑的使用情況進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。
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(2)N-SING (任務(wù)或活動(dòng)的)組織方式，實(shí)施辦法
The conduct of a task or activity is the way in which it is organized and carried out.
Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections...
同樣提出來(lái)進(jìn)行討論的還有如何進(jìn)行自由公正的選舉。
The Conservative Party did not in the main disagree with Bevin's conduct of foreign policy.
保守黨大體上不反對(duì)貝文的外交施政方式。
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(3) VERB 表現(xiàn);舉止
If you conduct yourself in a particular way, you behave in that way.
The way he conducts himself reflects on the party and will increase criticisms against him...
他個(gè)人的行事方式給該黨招來(lái)非議，也會(huì)招致更多對(duì)他個(gè)人的批評(píng)。
Most people believe they conduct their private and public lives in accordance with Christian morality.
大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他們是依照基督教的道德體系來(lái)處理自己的私生活和公共事務(wù)的。
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(4) N-UNCOUNT 行為;舉止
Someone's conduct is the way they behave in particular situations.
For Europeans, the law is a statement of basic principles of civilised conduct...
對(duì)于歐洲人來(lái)說(shuō)，法律是對(duì)基本文明行為準(zhǔn)則的表述。
He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his conduct.
別人通過(guò)他的行為舉止對(duì)他進(jìn)行評(píng)判，這一點(diǎn)他很難理解。
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(5)VERB 指揮(管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)或合唱團(tuán))
When someone conducts an orchestra or choir, they stand in front of it and direct its performance.
Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe...
丹尼斯最近開(kāi)始在歐洲擔(dān)任歌劇指揮，事業(yè)發(fā)展得很成功。
Solti will continue to conduct here and abroad...
索爾蒂將繼續(xù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外擔(dān)任指揮。
At the Curtis Institute he studied conducting with Fritz Reiner.
在柯蒂斯學(xué)院，他師從弗里茨·賴納學(xué)習(xí)指揮。
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(6) VERB 傳導(dǎo)(熱或電)
If something conducts heat or electricity, it allows heat or electricity to pass through it or along it.
Water conducts heat faster than air.?水的導(dǎo)熱速度比空氣快。
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(7) VERB 陪伴;引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng)
If you conduct someone to a place, you go there with them.
He asked if he might conduct us to the ball which was to bring the proceedings to an end.
他問(wèn)是否可以帶我們?nèi)ノ钑?huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，整個(gè)儀式將在那兒結(jié)束。
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同義詞辨析
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Behaviour,?action,?air,?bearing,?conduct,?manner【詞義：行為，態(tài)度】
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(1) action n. 行動(dòng)；行為
〔辨析〕指具體的或抽象的行為過(guò)程或所做之事。
〔例證〕It is a man's actions that matter, not his words.
要看一個(gè)人的行為而不是他的言辭。
She was sorry for her actions.
她為自己的行為感到歉疚。
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(2) air n. 神態(tài)；風(fēng)度
〔辨析〕作此義解時(shí)通常要加冠詞，指一個(gè)人表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的風(fēng)度、氣派、面貌。
〔例證〕a cheerful air?快活的神情
the air of a critic???批評(píng)家的風(fēng)度
The candidate looked at his supporters with a determined air.
這位候選人看著他的支持者們，神態(tài)堅(jiān)定果斷。
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(3) bearing n. 舉止，風(fēng)度
〔辨析〕尤指能夠體現(xiàn)出性格特點(diǎn)的行為舉止，如站立、行走的姿態(tài)等。
〔例證〕a military/proud bearing?軍人的舉止/傲慢的態(tài)度
The new CEO has a distinguished bearing.?新來(lái)的首席執(zhí)行官氣度不凡。
She later wrote warmly of his bearing and behaviour.
后來(lái)她以飽含熱情的筆觸寫(xiě)到了他的舉止和行為。
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(4) conduct n. 〈正式〉行為，舉止
〔辨析〕指人在某個(gè)地方或某種情況下的表現(xiàn)，尤指在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合、工作崗位上的行為，常可與 behaviour 換用。
〔例證〕She kept the servant because of his good conduct/behaviour.
仆人行為可嘉，被她留了下來(lái)。
I'm glad to hear of your good conduct/behaviour at school.
聽(tīng)到你在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)良好，我很高興。
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(5) manner n. 態(tài)度，舉止，風(fēng)度
〔辨析〕普通用詞，指對(duì)待其他人的態(tài)度和行為方式，不涉及道德規(guī)范，僅指符合傳統(tǒng)的禮儀和要求。其復(fù)數(shù)形式 manners 指禮貌、規(guī)矩，多用于社交活動(dòng)。
〔例證〕He has a rude manner towards his wife.?他對(duì)妻子態(tài)度粗暴。
The little girl always has good manners.那個(gè)小女孩總是很有禮貌。
He is an expert on the manners of the ancients.?他是研究古人禮儀的專家。
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guide conduct direct lead【導(dǎo)航詞義：引導(dǎo)】
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(1) guide v. 帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)
〔辨析〕指帶領(lǐng)某人至某處，也指為某人或某物引路，引申則指引導(dǎo)某人的行為或觀點(diǎn)。
〔例證〕He guided us through a small lane to the bus stop.
他帶著我們走過(guò)小巷奔向汽車站。
Searchlights were used to guide the steamer into the harbour.
用探照燈引領(lǐng)輪船進(jìn)港。
When I lose my way, you help guide and cheer me on.
我迷失方向時(shí)，你幫助引導(dǎo)我，鼓勵(lì)我。
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(2) conduct v. 〈正式〉引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)；為…導(dǎo)游
〔辨析〕指引領(lǐng)某人去某處，或帶游客游覽。
〔例證〕On arrival, he was conducted to the headquarters.
到達(dá)之后，他被帶到了司令部。
The guide conducted us around the oldest museum in the country.
導(dǎo)游帶我們游覽了該國(guó)最古老的博物館。
(3) direct v. 〈正式〉給…指路
〔辨析〕指為某人指示方向，但不是親自帶路。
〔例證〕Can you direct me to the railway station??你能告訴我到火車站怎么走嗎？
He asked the little girl to direct him to the zoo.?他請(qǐng)這個(gè)小姑娘告訴他怎么去動(dòng)物園。
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(4) lead v. 引領(lǐng)，帶領(lǐng)；給…當(dāng)先導(dǎo)
〔辨析〕指引領(lǐng)某人至某處，或走在前面給一群人、動(dòng)物、車隊(duì)或船隊(duì)引路或開(kāi)道。
〔例證〕The waiter led us to our table.?侍者把我們帶到桌邊。
The guide led us to the cathedral.?向?qū)О盐覀儙У酱蠼烫谩?/p>
The flagship led the fleet.?旗艦引領(lǐng)著艦隊(duì)。
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Perform,?conduct,?execute,?fulfil【詞義：執(zhí)行，實(shí)施】
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(1)perform v. 執(zhí)行，實(shí)行
〔辨析〕尤指做困難或有用的事情。
〔例證〕When was that emergency operation performed?
那個(gè)急診手術(shù)是什么時(shí)候做的？
Experts performed an analysis of the survey data.
專家對(duì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。
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(2) conduct v. 執(zhí)行，實(shí)施，進(jìn)行
〔辨析〕尤指為獲取信息或證實(shí)某事而進(jìn)行某一活動(dòng)或過(guò)程。
〔例證〕In her opinion, conducting a survey is the best way to collect the information needed.
她認(rèn)為進(jìn)行調(diào)查是搜集所需信息的最好方式。
He wanted to know how to conduct science experiments.
他想知道如何進(jìn)行科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
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(3) execute v. 〈正式〉執(zhí)行，實(shí)行
〔辨析〕指實(shí)施詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃。
〔例證〕They are executing a nursing care plan.?他們正在實(shí)施一個(gè)護(hù)理計(jì)劃。
The plot was very cleverly executed.?這一秘密計(jì)劃實(shí)施得很巧妙。
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(4) fulfil v. 執(zhí)行，履行；符合
〔辨析〕指做要求或必須做的事情，如履行職責(zé)、義務(wù)等；也可指滿足必要或應(yīng)有的條件或要求，如達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。
〔例證〕It is necessary for the member states to fulfil their obligations under the treaty.??成員國(guó)必須履行條約所規(guī)定的義務(wù)。
As a teacher, it is important for you to fulfil your role.
作為一名教師，恪盡職守很重要。
These pieces of equipment failed to fulfil safety requirements.
這些設(shè)備未能符合安全要求。
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7 ingeniously [?n?d?i: ni?sli]
ADJ-GRADED 巧妙的;制作精巧的;新穎獨(dú)特的
Something that is ingenious is very clever and involves new ideas, methods, or equipment.
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...a truly ingenious invention...?真正有創(chuàng)意的發(fā)明
Gautier's solution to the puzzle is ingenious.?戈蒂埃破解這道難題的方法很巧妙。
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8 devised [d??va?zd]
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VERB 設(shè)計(jì);發(fā)明;策劃;想出
If you devise a plan, system, or machine, you have the idea for it and design it.
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We devised a scheme to help him... 我們想出了一個(gè)幫他的計(jì)策。
New long-range objectives must be devised. 必須規(guī)劃出新的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。
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9 means 除了有“方法，手段”的意思之外，還有“財(cái)富，自立，收入”的意思。所以，a man/woman of means在口語(yǔ)中表示“富人”， a man/woman of means則表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的人”?！ ?/p>
例如：Only a ma n of means could afford such a big house.
只有富人才買得起這樣的大宅第?！ ?/p>
She wished to exhibit Jessica, who was gaining in maturity and beauty, and whom she hoped to marry to a man of means.
她想借此機(jī)會(huì)炫耀一下已經(jīng)出落得美麗多姿的女兒杰西卡，她希望杰西卡能嫁一個(gè)富人。
He was a man of small means. 他是一個(gè)收入微薄的人。
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10 reduce
(1) VERB 減少；減??；減輕
If you reduce something, you make it smaller in size or amount, or less in degree.
It reduces the risks of heart disease...
這降低了患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Consumption is being reduced by 25 per cent...
消費(fèi)下降了25個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
The reduced consumer demand is also affecting company profits.
消費(fèi)需求的降低也影響到了公司的利潤(rùn)。
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(2) VERB 使淪為，使陷入（不好的境地）
If someone is reduced to a weaker or inferior state, they become weaker or inferior as a result of something that happens to them.
They were reduced to extreme poverty...
他們陷入極端貧困的狀態(tài)。
They wanted the army reduced to a police force.
他們想把這支隊(duì)伍降級(jí)為一支警察部隊(duì)。
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(3) VERB 迫使;使不得不（做）；使只得
If you say that someone is reduced to doing something, you mean that they have to do it, although it is unpleasant or embarrassing.
He was reduced to begging for a living.
他不得不以乞討為生。
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(4) VERB 使變成;使簡(jiǎn)化為
If something is changed to a different or less complicated form, you can say that it is reduced to that form.
All the buildings in the town have been reduced to rubble...
城里所有的建筑都成了廢墟。
Politics has been reduced to class struggle.
政治變成了階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)。
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(5) V-ERG （烹調(diào)中）使變濃稠，收汁
If you reduce liquid when you are cooking, or if it reduces, it is boiled in order to make it less in quantity and thicker.
Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half...
用小燉鍋燉，收一半湯汁。
Simmer until mixture reduces.
用小火煮到湯汁收濃。
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(6) PHRASE 境況變差;生活拮據(jù)
If you say that someone is living in reduced circumstances, you mean that they do not have as much money as they used to have.
They are the descendants of emperors and kings and are now living in reduced circumstances.
他們是帝王的后代，但是現(xiàn)在境況大不如前了。
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(7)PHRASE 使…無(wú)言
If someone or something reduces you to silence, they make you feel so upset or confused that you cannot speak.
Her challenge reduced them to silence.
她的質(zhì)問(wèn)讓他們啞口無(wú)言。
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(8) PHRASE 使…落淚
If someone or something reduces you to tears, they make you feel so unhappy that you cry.
The attentions of the media reduced her to tears.
媒體的關(guān)注把她弄哭了。
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11 comparative 相比較的
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12 obscurity[?b?skj??r?ti]
(1) N-UNCOUNT 無(wú)名；默默無(wú)聞
Obscurity is the state of being known by only a few people.
For the lucky few, there's the chance of being plucked from obscurity and thrown into the glamorous world of modelling...
只有極少數(shù)幸運(yùn)兒才有機(jī)會(huì)從籍籍無(wú)名中脫穎而出，進(jìn)入光鮮亮麗的模特圈。
The latter half of his life was spent in obscurity and loneliness.
他在默默無(wú)聞中孤獨(dú)地度過(guò)了后半生。
(2) N-VAR 晦澀；費(fèi)解；難懂的事
Obscurity is the quality of being difficult to understand. An obscurity is something that is difficult to understand.
'How can that be?' asked Hunt, irritated by the obscurity of Henry's reply...
“怎么會(huì)那樣呢？”亨特問(wèn)道，亨利含糊費(fèi)解的回答讓他惱火。
Whatever its obscurities, the poem was clear on at least one count.
這首詩(shī)再怎么晦澀，至少有一點(diǎn)是清楚的。
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13 settlement
(1) N-COUNT (爭(zhēng)議雙方的)正式協(xié)議，和解
A settlement is an official agreement between two sides who were involved in a conflict or argument.
Our objective must be to secure a peace settlement...
我們一定要達(dá)成和平協(xié)議。
They are not optimistic about a settlement of the eleven year conflict.
他們不是很有信心能和平解決這場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)達(dá) 11 年的紛爭(zhēng)。
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(2) N-COUNT (通過(guò)賠償?shù)冗_(dá)成的)庭外和解
A settlement is an agreement to end a disagreement or dispute without going to a court of law, for example by offering someone money.
She accepted an out-of-court settlement of ￡4,000.
她同意支付 4,000 英鎊的庭外和解賠償金。
...a libel settlement. 一宗誹謗案的庭外和解
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(3) N-UNCOUNT (欠款的)償付，支付，結(jié)算，清償
The settlement of a debt is the act of paying back money that you owe.
...ways to delay the settlement of debts.
延期清償債務(wù)的辦法
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(4) N-COUNT 定居點(diǎn);聚居地
A settlement is a place where people have come to live and have built homes.
The village is a settlement of just fifty houses. 這個(gè)村子里只住了 50戶人。
...a Muslim settlement. 穆斯林聚居區(qū)
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(5) N-UNCOUNT 移民;殖民;開(kāi)拓
The settlement of a group of people is the process in which they settle in a place where people from their country have never lived before.
...the settlement of immigrants in the occupied territories.
向占領(lǐng)地移民的殖民開(kāi)拓
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第三段中的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：
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1 misapply
(1) VERB 誤用;濫用
If something is misapplied, it is used for a purpose for which it is not intended or not suitable.
Many lines from Shakespeare's plays are misquoted and misapplied...
莎士比亞戲劇中的許多詩(shī)句被人誤引誤用。
The law had been misapplied. 法律遭到了濫用。
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同義詞辨析
Misapply, abuse, misuse【詞義：使用不當(dāng)】
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(1) misapply v. 〈正式〉誤用，錯(cuò)用，濫用
〔辨析〕指對(duì)某物使用方法不當(dāng)或誤作他用，通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
〔例證〕He has read the manual carefully so that the product won't be misapplied.
他仔細(xì)閱讀了說(shuō)明書(shū)，這樣就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品使用不當(dāng)。
Don't you realize that the rules have been misapplied?
你沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)則被錯(cuò)用了嗎？
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(2) abuse v. 濫用，妄用
〔辨析〕指為了不正當(dāng)?shù)哪康幕蛑\取私利而濫用權(quán)力等，也指過(guò)量使用某物（如吸毒、酗酒等）而危害自身健康。
〔例證〕He abused his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends.
他濫用市長(zhǎng)的權(quán)力，任用了不少朋友。
People who abuse the system will be punished sooner or later.
鉆制度空子的人早晚會(huì)受到處罰。
Your problems won't be resolved if you do nothing but abuse alcohol.
如果你只是酗酒而不采取行動(dòng)，問(wèn)題是不會(huì)解決的。
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(3)misuse v. 錯(cuò)用，誤用，濫用
〔辨析〕指將某物用于錯(cuò)誤的目的或用法不當(dāng)，常產(chǎn)生有害的結(jié)果。
〔例證〕Why is this term often misused?
這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)為什么常常被誤用？
Without supervision, the judges might misuse their power.
沒(méi)有監(jiān)管，裁判可能會(huì)濫用權(quán)力。
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2 dubiously
(1) ADJ-GRADED 可疑的;靠不住的;曖昧的
If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable.
This claim seems to us to be rather dubious...
在我們看來(lái)這種說(shuō)法非?？梢?。
Soho was still a highly dubious area...
索霍區(qū)仍然是個(gè)靠不住的地方。
Those figures alone are a dubious basis for such a conclusion.
僅憑那些數(shù)據(jù)就得出這種結(jié)論并不可靠。
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(2) ADJ-GRADED 懷疑的;無(wú)把握的;遲疑的;拿不準(zhǔn)的
If you are dubious about something, you are not completely sure about it and have not yet made up your mind about it.
My parents were dubious about it at first but we soon convinced them.
我父母起初對(duì)此心存疑慮,但是我們很快就讓他們信服了。
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(3) ADJ-GRADED （榮譽(yù)、名聲等）不好的,不光彩的
If you say that someone has the dubious honour or the dubious pleasure of doing something, you are indicating that what they are doing is not an honour or pleasure at all, but is, in fact, unpleasant or bad.
Nagy has the dubious honour of being the first athlete to be banned in this way...
納吉作為第一個(gè)以這種方式被禁賽的運(yùn)動(dòng)員而“出名”。
El Salvador has earned the dubious distinction of having the worst soil erosion in continental America.
薩爾瓦多因是美洲大陸土壤侵蝕最嚴(yán)重的地方而有了這份不光彩的名聲。
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同義詞辨析
不要混淆 dubious, doubtful 和 suspicious。dubious 指某人拿不準(zhǔn)做某事是否正確：Alison sounded very dubious（艾莉森聽(tīng)上去很猶豫），The men in charge were a bit dubious about taking women on（幾位男性負(fù)責(zé)人有點(diǎn)兒拿不準(zhǔn)要不要招女性員工）。dubious 還可指某事物不完全可信、安全或可靠。例如，his dubious abilities as a teacher（他的教學(xué)能力令人懷疑）。doubtful 指不確定某事是否會(huì)發(fā)生或成功：Do you feel insecure and doubtful about your ability（你對(duì)自己的能力缺乏信心并且感到懷疑嗎），It was doubtful he would ever see her again（他會(huì)不會(huì)再見(jiàn)到她還說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)呢）。suspicious 指不信任某人、懷疑某人從事欺騙性或不法的活動(dòng)。例如，I am suspicious of his intentions（我懷疑他的動(dòng)機(jī)），Miss Lenaut had grown suspicious（萊諾小姐已經(jīng)起了疑心）。suspicious 還可指某人行為可疑、不誠(chéng)實(shí)、涉及非法或具有危險(xiǎn)性：He listened for any suspicious sounds（他注意聽(tīng)任何可疑的聲響），in suspicious circumstances（在可疑的情勢(shì)下）。
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3 widow寡婦;遺孀
A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again.
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4 spinster (老)處女;未婚中年(或老年)女子
A spinster is a woman who has never been married; used especially when talking about an old or middle-aged woman.
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5 unscrupulous
ADJ-GRADED 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的；不道德的；無(wú)道德原則的
If you describe a person as unscrupulous, you are critical of the fact that they are prepared to act in a dishonest or immoral way in order to get what they want.
These kids are being exploited by very unscrupulous people.
這些孩子正在被無(wú)良之人利用。
...the unscrupulous use of hostages. 對(duì)人質(zhì)的無(wú)恥利用
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6 impudently ?ADJ-GRADED 放肆的;無(wú)禮的
If you describe someone as impudent, you mean they are rude or disrespectful, or do something they have no right to do.
Some of them were impudent and insulting.
他們當(dāng)中的一些人放肆無(wú)禮,目中無(wú)人。
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7 justify VERB 證明（決定、行為或想法）正當(dāng)；表明…必要
To justify a decision, action, or idea means to show or prove that it is reasonable or necessary.
No argument can justify a war... 任何理由都不能為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)脫。
Ministers agreed that this decision was fully justified by economic conditions.
部長(zhǎng)們一致同意，這個(gè)決定完全符合經(jīng)濟(jì)情況。
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8 General Confession總懺悔(教區(qū)全體會(huì)眾的共同懺悔，尤指共同祈禱的一部分)
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9 object
(1) N-COUNT 物體；東西
An object is anything that has a fixed shape or form, that you can touch or see, and that is not alive.
He squinted his eyes as though he were studying an object on the horizon.
他瞇起眼睛，就好像在端詳?shù)仄骄€上的某一物體。
...an object the shape of a coconut... 形似椰子的物體
In the cosy consulting room the children are surrounded by familiar objects.
在溫馨的診療室里，孩子們周圍擺滿了親切熟悉的東西。
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(2) N-COUNT 目的；目標(biāo)；宗旨
The object of what someone is doing is their aim or purpose.
The object of the exercise is to raise money for the charity...
那樣做旨在籌集善款。
He made it his object in life to find the island...
他把找到那座島嶼當(dāng)成自己的人生目標(biāo)。
My object was to publish a scholarly work on Peter Mourne.
我的目標(biāo)是出版一本關(guān)于彼得·莫恩的學(xué)術(shù)著作。
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(3) VERB 不喜歡;不贊成;反對(duì)
If you object to something, you express your dislike or disapproval of it.
A lot of people will object to the book...
很多人都會(huì)對(duì)這本書(shū)表示反感。
Cullen objected that his small staff would be unable to handle the added work...
卡倫提出反對(duì)，說(shuō)他的人手較少，無(wú)法完成額外工作。
We objected strongly but were outvoted...
我們強(qiáng)烈表示反對(duì)，但還是被否決了。
'Hey, I don't know what you're talking about,' Russo objected.
“喂，我不知道你在說(shuō)些什么，”拉索反駁道。
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(4) PHRASE 錢不成問(wèn)題/距離不在話下
If you say that money is no object or distance is no object, you are emphasizing that you are willing or able to spend as much money as necessary or travel whatever distance is required.
Hugh Johnson's shop in London has a range of superb Swedish crystal glasses that I would have if money were no object...
休·約翰遜倫敦店出售各種美輪美奐的瑞典水晶玻璃杯，不考慮錢的話我都想買。
Although he was based in Wales, distance was no object.
雖然他主要住在威爾士，但是距離不成問(wèn)題。
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同義詞辨析
Object, differ, disagree, oppose, protest, resist【詞義：反對(duì)】
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(1) object v. 反對(duì)，不贊成
〔辨析〕語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，指對(duì)某一具體做法、計(jì)劃等表示反對(duì)，常后接介詞 to。
〔例證〕If no one objects, the plan will be implemented immediately.
如果沒(méi)人反對(duì)的話，該計(jì)劃將立即執(zhí)行。
She strongly objected to rebuilding the temple. 她堅(jiān)決反對(duì)重建該寺廟。
She objected to recruiting that man. 她不贊成聘用那個(gè)男人。
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(20 differ v. 有異議，有分歧
〔辨析〕指意見(jiàn)、觀點(diǎn)等相對(duì)立。
〔例證〕Economists differ on the cause of inflation.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)通貨膨脹的原因看法不一。
He always differs with her. 他總是與她意見(jiàn)相左。
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(3) disagree v. 反對(duì)，不同意
〔辨析〕指與他人在看法上有分歧，也指不贊同計(jì)劃、行動(dòng)等，語(yǔ)氣較differ 強(qiáng)烈，常后接介詞 with。
〔例證〕I disagree with you on this matter. 在這件事上我和你意見(jiàn)不同。
Even close friends disagree sometimes. 即便是親密的朋友有時(shí)也有分歧。
Some people disagree with his argument. 有些人不同意他的論點(diǎn)。
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(4) oppose v. 反對(duì)，阻礙
〔辨析〕指不贊同某一政策、計(jì)劃等，含抵制或阻撓之意。
〔例證〕Will the Congress continue to oppose the President's austerity measures?
國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)繼續(xù)反對(duì)總統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)緊縮措施嗎？
The committee opposed changing the regulations. 委員會(huì)反對(duì)改變規(guī)則。
The local residents bitterly opposed the scheme. 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駨?qiáng)烈反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
We oppose interference by any outside force. 我們反對(duì)任何外來(lái)勢(shì)力插手干預(yù)。
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(5) protest v. 反對(duì)，抗議
〔辨析〕通常指人們聚集在一起，以言語(yǔ)、行為等公開(kāi)表示不滿或異議，也可指?jìng)€(gè)人不認(rèn)同某事或?qū)δ呈滦挠胁粷M。
〔例證〕Tens of thousands of people took to the streets, protesting against the austerity policy. 成千上萬(wàn)的人走上街頭，抗議經(jīng)濟(jì)緊縮政策。
Many students protested the decision. 許多學(xué)生反對(duì)那項(xiàng)決定。
Thousands of people protested against the new legislation.
數(shù)千人抗議新法規(guī)。
'I don't see why he should get the promotion!' she protested.
“我不明白為什么他會(huì)升職！”她抗議道。
(6) resist v. 抗拒，反抗
〔辨析〕指拒絕作出改變或不屈從于外力而做某事。
〔例證〕The minister resisted pressure to resign.
那位部長(zhǎng)頂住了要求其辭職的壓力。
Why was the plan fiercely resisted by the board?
為什么該計(jì)劃遭到董事會(huì)的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)？
The company resisted changing its recruitment system.
該公司拒絕改變聘用制度。
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Purpose, aim, goal ,object, objective, target【詞義：目的，目標(biāo)】
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(1) purpose n. 目的
〔辨析〕普通用詞，指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮而要做某事的意圖，通常用單數(shù)。
〔例證〕He came to New York with the purpose of doing business.
他來(lái)紐約是為了做生意。
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss how to deal with the crisis.
這次會(huì)議的目的是討論如何應(yīng)對(duì)此次危機(jī)。
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(2) aim n. 目標(biāo)，目的
〔辨析〕強(qiáng)調(diào)希望做成某事的具體意圖，多指短期目標(biāo)。
〔例證〕The main aim of this course is to improve your oral English.
這一課程的主要目標(biāo)是提高口語(yǔ)。
The campaign with the aim of helping the victims of crime has received worldwide attention.
旨在幫助罪案受害者的運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)得到了關(guān)注。
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(3) goal n. 目標(biāo)，目的
〔辨析〕多指想要通過(guò)一段時(shí)間的努力而在未來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的意圖。
〔例證〕What is your ultimate goal? 你的最終目標(biāo)是什么？
Did they reach their goal of expanding the company's market share?
他們實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)大公司市場(chǎng)份額的目標(biāo)了嗎？
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(4) object n. 目的，目標(biāo)
〔辨析〕指某一計(jì)劃、行為或活動(dòng)的目的，通常用單數(shù)。
〔例證〕The parents first wanted to know what the object of this game was.
家長(zhǎng)們首先想知道這項(xiàng)游戲的目的是什么。
People with low income will benefit the most, and that is the object of this exercise.
低收入人群將獲益最大，這正是此舉的目的。
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(5) objective n. 目的，目標(biāo)
〔辨析〕尤用于商業(yè)或政治方面，側(cè)重指人所想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。
〔例證〕You should set an objective at the beginning of next semester.
你應(yīng)該在下學(xué)期開(kāi)始的時(shí)候制定一個(gè)目標(biāo)。
He has to achieve certain objectives before the end of his presidency.
他在總統(tǒng)任期結(jié)束之前必須實(shí)現(xiàn)某些目標(biāo)。
(6) target n. 目標(biāo)
〔辨析〕多用于數(shù)量、時(shí)間、財(cái)務(wù)等方面，表示想要達(dá)到的具體目標(biāo)。
〔例證〕financial targets 財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)
What is the target date for completion of the new building?
新大樓完工的預(yù)定日期是什么時(shí)候？
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10 decent
(1) ADJ 像樣的;尚好的;過(guò)得去的
Decent is used to describe something which is considered to be of an acceptable standard or quality.
Nearby is a village with a decent pub... 附近的村子里有一家還不錯(cuò)的酒館。
He didn't get a decent explanation... 他沒(méi)有得到一個(gè)像樣的解釋。
The lack of a decent education did not defeat Rey.
缺乏良好的教育并沒(méi)有擋住雷伊。
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(2) ADJ 合宜的;得體的;適當(dāng)?shù)?正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
Decent is used to describe something which is morally correct or acceptable.
But, after a decent interval, trade relations began to return to normal...
但是適當(dāng)?shù)亻g斷一段時(shí)間后，貿(mào)易關(guān)系開(kāi)始恢復(fù)正常。
She watched his face, as the coffin was lowered into the ground. As soon as it was decent, he plunged through the crowd towards the cars.
棺材慢慢放入墓穴時(shí)她一直注視著他的臉。禮儀許可的時(shí)間一到，他便擠過(guò)人群走向那些車子。
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(3) ADJ-GRADED （人）正派的，正直的，規(guī)矩的
Decent people are honest and behave in a way that most people approve of.
The majority of people around here are decent people...
這里的大多數(shù)人都很正派。
The jury will see what a decent guy he is. 陪審團(tuán)將會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到他是一個(gè)多么正派的人。
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(4) PHRASE 做（不想做但）應(yīng)該做的事
If you say that someone should do the decent thing, you mean that they should do something which they do not really want to do, but which you think they ought to do.
He should do the decent thing and resign. 他應(yīng)該識(shí)時(shí)務(wù)地辭職。
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同義詞辨析
Decorous, decent, nice, seemly【詞義：正派的】
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(1) decorous adj. 〈正式〉端莊的，得體的
〔辨析〕主要指人的外表或者行為很得體的。
〔例證〕a decorous hug 禮貌得體的擁抱
It is decorous to wear a tie at an evening party.
在晚會(huì)上佩戴領(lǐng)帶是得體的。
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(2) decent adj. 正派的，規(guī)矩的
〔辨析〕指道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合社會(huì)規(guī)范的。
〔例證〕She is a decent citizen. 她是個(gè)正派的市民。
The President did the decent thing. 總統(tǒng)做了他該做的事。
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(3) nice adj. 〈舊〉正派的
〔辨析〕指道德品行高尚的，但此義現(xiàn)已不常用。
〔例證〕Nice girls don't do such things. 正派姑娘不會(huì)做這種事兒的。
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(4) seemly adj. 〈舊〉適宜的，得體的，合乎行為規(guī)范的
〔辨析〕指根據(jù)通行的行為規(guī)范，言行舉止符合某一情境或社交場(chǎng)合的，但此義現(xiàn)已不常用。
〔例證〕It is not seemly for guests to gossip about the hostess.
客人對(duì)女主人說(shuō)三道四似乎不大得體。
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