丘吉爾《鼓起勇氣》演講全文
1940年5月19日，英國(guó)首相丘吉爾首次發(fā)表全國(guó)講話，為英國(guó)人民講述戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)，他承認(rèn)德軍擊穿了盟軍防線，在盟軍后方穿插，致使盟軍陷入險(xiǎn)境，同時(shí)他也鼓舞英國(guó)人民不要喪失勇氣和信心，盟軍一定會(huì)取得勝利。
Fear is a reaction. Courage is a decision. ——?Winston Churchill
恐懼是人本能的反應(yīng)。勇氣是人做出的決定。 —— 溫斯頓·丘吉爾
I speak to you for the first time as Prime Minister in a solemn hour for the life of our country, of our empire, of our allies, and, above all, of the cause of Freedom.?
這是我第一次以首相身份對(duì)你們講話，在這一生死攸關(guān)的時(shí)刻，我想同你談及我們國(guó)家、我們的大英帝國(guó)、我們的盟國(guó)，以及我們最關(guān)鍵的自由事業(yè)。
A tremendous battle is raging in France and Flanders. The Germans, by a remarkable combination of air bombing and heavily armored tanks, have broken through the French defenses north of the Maginot Line, and strong columns of their armored vehicles are ravaging the open country, which for the first day or two was without defenders. They have penetrated deeply and spread alarm and confusion in their track. Behind them there are now appearing infantry in lorries, and behind them, again, the large masses are moving forward. The regroupment of the French armies to make head against, and also to strike at, this intruding wedge has been proceeding for several days, largely assisted by the magnificent efforts of the Royal Air Force.
法國(guó)和比利時(shí)境內(nèi)爆發(fā)了激烈的戰(zhàn)斗。德軍憑借重裝甲部隊(duì)和空軍部隊(duì)的杰出配合，已突破了馬奇諾防線以北的法軍防線，德軍強(qiáng)大的裝甲部隊(duì)正在法國(guó)開(kāi)闊的國(guó)土上肆虐，在戰(zhàn)斗開(kāi)始的頭一兩天，他們幾乎沒(méi)有遭遇抵抗。德軍已經(jīng)深深刺穿了法軍防線，一路造成巨大的恐慌與混亂。德軍裝甲部隊(duì)突破防線后，摩托化步兵迅速跟進(jìn)，大量步兵又緊跟其后。這幾日，法軍正在重新集結(jié)，準(zhǔn)備在皇家空軍的大力協(xié)助下，阻擋并擊退敵人的錐形戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
We must not allow ourselves to be intimidated by the presence of these armored vehicles in unexpected places behind our lines. If they are behind our Front, the French are also at many points fighting actively behind theirs. Both sides are therefore in an extremely dangerous position. And if the French Army, and our own Army, are well handled, as I believe they will be； if the French retain that genius for recovery and counter-attack for which they have so long been famous； and if the British Army shows the dogged endurance and solid fighting power of which there have been so many examples in the past —— then a sudden transformation of the scene might spring into being.
我們絕不要被這些突然出現(xiàn)在我軍陣地后方的裝甲部隊(duì)嚇到。如果他們攻擊我軍后側(cè)，那么各地的法軍也會(huì)從他們的后側(cè)發(fā)起猛烈進(jìn)攻。因此，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)對(duì)于敵我雙方都十分危險(xiǎn)。只要法軍和我軍能妥善處理好當(dāng)前的戰(zhàn)況；只要法軍能發(fā)揮出自己一直以來(lái)聞名于世的重組反擊特長(zhǎng)；只要英軍像過(guò)去幾天那樣，繼續(xù)發(fā)揮出頑強(qiáng)的耐力和強(qiáng)大的戰(zhàn)斗力，那么我們就可以頃刻間扭轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)局，我相信我們可以做到。
It would be foolish, however, to disguise the gravity of the hour. It would be still more foolish to lose heart and courage or to suppose that well-trained, well-equipped armies numbering three or four millions of men can be overcome in the space of a few weeks, or even months, by a scoop, or raid of mechanized vehicles, however formidable. We may look with confidence to the stabilization of the Front in France, and to the general engagement of the masses, which will enable the qualities of the French and British soldiers to be matched squarely against those of their adversaries. For myself, I have invincible confidence in the French Army and its leaders. Only a very small part of that splendid Army has yet been heavily engaged； and only a very small part of France has yet been invaded. There is a good evidence to show that practically the whole of the specialized and mechanized forces of the enemy have been already thrown into the battle; and we know that very heavy losses have been inflict upon them. No officer or man, no brigade or division, which grapples at close quarters with the enemy, wherever encountered, can fail to make a worthy contribution to the general result. The Armies must cast away the idea of resisting behind concrete lines or natural obstacles, and must realize that mastery can only be regained by furious and unrelenting assault. And this spirit must not only animate the High Command, but must inspire every fighting man.
如果說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的戰(zhàn)況無(wú)需擔(dān)憂，那完全是自欺欺人。但是，如果我們覺(jué)得區(qū)區(qū)幾支機(jī)械化部隊(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)突襲，就能在幾周或幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)，擊敗我們?nèi)陌偃f(wàn)訓(xùn)練有素、裝備精良的大軍，進(jìn)而失去信心，喪失勇氣，那才是愚不可及，無(wú)論敵人的裝甲部隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)斗力多么兇悍，也做不到。我們十分相信，盟軍很快就能穩(wěn)住法國(guó)的戰(zhàn)線，而廣大人民群眾也會(huì)積極支持這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，屆時(shí)法軍士兵和英軍士兵的戰(zhàn)斗力便能與敵軍不相上下。而我本人對(duì)法國(guó)軍隊(duì)和法軍指揮官們抱有十足的信心。目前，所向披靡的法軍才只出動(dòng)了很小一部分軍隊(duì)；而法國(guó)也僅有一小部分領(lǐng)土被德軍占領(lǐng)。而反觀敵軍，我們有信心認(rèn)為，敵軍戰(zhàn)斗力最強(qiáng)的機(jī)械化部隊(duì)已經(jīng)全部投入戰(zhàn)斗；而且我們還知道，這支部隊(duì)損失慘重。無(wú)論是軍官還是士兵，無(wú)論是一個(gè)旅還是一個(gè)師，無(wú)論在什么地方和敵軍近距離遭遇，都要進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗，只要戰(zhàn)斗，就能對(duì)整場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)做出貢獻(xiàn)。英法聯(lián)軍必須摒棄依托鋼筋混凝土防線，或者依托天然屏障進(jìn)行防御的思想，我們必須不停地發(fā)動(dòng)猛烈進(jìn)攻，才能重奪戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的主動(dòng)權(quán)。這種思想不僅要貫徹到最高司令部，還要貫徹到我們每一位戰(zhàn)士的心中。
In the air —— often at serious odds, often at odds hitherto thought overwhelming —— we have been clawing down three or four to one of our enemies; and the relative balance of the British and German Air Forces is now considerably more favorable to us than at the beginning of the battle. In cutting down the German bombers, we are fighting our own battle as well as that of France. May confidence in our ability to fight it out to the finish with the German Air Force has been strengthened by the fierce encounters which have taken place and are taking place. At the same time, our heavy bombers are striking nightly at the tap-root of German mechanized power, and have already inflicted serious damage upon the oil refineries on which the Nazi effort to dominate the world directly depends.
在空中——敵我差距十分懸殊，可以說(shuō)敵人具有壓倒性的優(yōu)勢(shì)——我方空軍經(jīng)常打出一比三甚至以一比四的傷亡比；比起戰(zhàn)役剛開(kāi)始時(shí)，現(xiàn)在英德空軍實(shí)力相對(duì)平衡了許多，這對(duì)我軍有利?；始铱哲娫诳罩薪貧⒌萝娹Z炸機(jī)，這既是在幫助我們的軍隊(duì)，也是在幫助法軍。我希望過(guò)去的現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的激烈空戰(zhàn)，可以讓我們對(duì)皇家空軍的能力更有信心，相信他們能徹底戰(zhàn)勝德國(guó)空軍。與此同時(shí)，我軍的重型轟炸機(jī)每夜都在對(duì)德軍機(jī)械化部隊(duì)的制造廠展開(kāi)空襲，對(duì)納粹征服世界有著直接影響的煉油廠也已被我軍重創(chuàng)。
We must expect that as soon as stability is reached on the Western Front, the bulk of that hideous apparatus of aggression which gashed Holland into ruin and slavery in a few days will be turned upon us. I am sure I speak for all when I say we are ready to face it； to ensure it； and to retaliate against it —— to any extent that the unwritten laws of war permit. There will be many men and many women in the Island who when the ordeal comes upon them, as come it will, will feel comfort, and even a pride, that they are sharing the perils of our lads at the Front —— soldiers, sailors and airmen, God bless them —— and are drawing away from them a part at least of the onslaught they have to bear. Is not this the appointed time for all to make the utmost exertions in their power？ If the battle is to be won, we must provide our men with ever-increasing quantities of the weapons and ammunition they need. We must have, and have quickly, more aeroplanes, more tanks, more shells, more guns. There is imperious need for these vital munitions. They increase our strength against the powerfully armed enemy. They replace the wastage of the obstinate struggle； and the knowledge that wastage will speedily be replaced enables us to draw more readily upon our reserves and throw them in now that everything counts so much.
我們必須提前預(yù)料到，一旦西線戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)陷入僵持，德軍曾用于摧毀并征服荷蘭的可怕戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)武器，就會(huì)大量轉(zhuǎn)而用于攻擊英國(guó)。我相信，我的這句話可以代表全體英國(guó)人民，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好面對(duì)敵人入侵；挫敗敵人入侵；并對(duì)敵人的入侵施以回?fù)簟诓怀晌牡膽?zhàn)爭(zhēng)法允許的前提下，展開(kāi)最猛烈的回?fù)簟．?dāng)戰(zhàn)火席卷不列顛島時(shí)，我國(guó)的許多男男女女甚至?xí)械叫牢孔院溃驗(yàn)樗麄儙臀覀兦熬€的小伙子們分擔(dān)了危險(xiǎn)——前線的海陸空三軍，愿上帝保佑他們——他們至少幫助前線的戰(zhàn)士們吸引了一部分火力。難道現(xiàn)在不是全體人民竭盡全力的時(shí)候嗎？如果我們想要贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，就必須向我們的戰(zhàn)士提供他們?nèi)找嫘枰奈淦鲝椝?。我們必須盡快生產(chǎn)更多的飛機(jī)、坦克、炮彈、火炮。現(xiàn)在前線急需這些重要的武器裝備。這些武器可以增強(qiáng)我軍的實(shí)力，幫助他們對(duì)抗裝備精良的敵軍。這些武器可以幫助我軍打破僵持不下的戰(zhàn)斗局面；待到那時(shí)，我們又需要果斷利用我軍的武器彈藥庫(kù)存，將其源源不斷投入戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，這就更凸顯出軍工生產(chǎn)的重要性。
Our task is not only to win the battle - but to win the war. After this battle in France abates its force, there will come the battle for our Island —— for all that Britain is, and all the Britain means. That will be the struggle. In that supreme emergency we shall not hesitate to take every step, even the most drastic, to call forth from our people the last ounce and the last inch of effort of which they are capable. The interests of property, the hours of labor, are nothing compared with the struggle of life and honor, for right and freedom, to which we have vowed ourselves.
我們的任務(wù)不僅是要贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役——還要贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。敵人在法國(guó)戰(zhàn)役受挫后，必定會(huì)遷怒于我們的家園——屆時(shí)我們要保衛(wèi)整個(gè)不列顛島，保護(hù)全體英國(guó)人民。這將是一場(chǎng)硬仗。在這場(chǎng)關(guān)乎國(guó)家存亡的緊急戰(zhàn)斗中，我們會(huì)毫不猶豫地采取一切手段動(dòng)員人民為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)傾盡全力，哪怕是極端手段也在所不惜。比起我們?yōu)樯婧蜆s譽(yù)而發(fā)起的偉大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，比起我們誓死要捍衛(wèi)的權(quán)利與自由，失去一些財(cái)產(chǎn)，多一些工作時(shí)間又能算什么。
I have received from the Chiefs of the French Republic,and in particular form its indomitable Prime Minister, M. Reynaud, the most sacred pledges that whatever happens they will fight to the end, be it bitter or be it glorious. Nay, if we fight to the end, it can only be glorious.
我已經(jīng)從法蘭西共和國(guó)的政府高層，特別是誓死不屈的法國(guó)總理雷諾先生口中得到了莊嚴(yán)保證，他們承諾，無(wú)論這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是勝利還是失敗，法國(guó)都會(huì)戰(zhàn)斗到底。不，只要我們能戰(zhàn)斗到底，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果就只有勝利。
Having received His Majesty's commission, I have formed an Administration of men and women of every Party and of almost every point of view. We have differed and quarreled in the past； but now one bond unites us all —— to wage war until victory is won, and never to surrender ourselves to servitude and shame, whatever the cost and the agony may be. This is one of the most awe-striking periods in the long history of France and Britain. It is also beyond doubt the most sublime. Side by side, unaided except by their kith and kin in the great Dominions and by the wide empires which rest beneath their shield - side by side, the British and French peoples have advanced to rescue not only Europe but mankind from the foulest and most soul-destroying tyranny which has ever darkened and stained the pages of history. Behind them - behind us- behind the Armies and Fleets of Britain and France - gather a group of shattered States and bludgeoned races： the Czechs, the Poles, the Norwegians, the Danes, the Dutch, the Belgians - upon all of whom the long night of barbarism will descend, unbroken even by a star of hope, unless we conquer, as conquer we must； as conquer we shall.
我受?chē)?guó)王陛下委托，挑選了來(lái)自各個(gè)黨派、持有各觀點(diǎn)的男男女女，組建了新一屆政府。我們之間過(guò)去有過(guò)分歧和矛盾；但是現(xiàn)在，一條紐帶將我們團(tuán)結(jié)聯(lián)系到了一起——我們要繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗，直至取得勝利，無(wú)論要付出多大的代價(jià)，無(wú)論要承擔(dān)多大的痛苦，我們也不會(huì)屈膝接受恥辱奴役?，F(xiàn)在是英法兩國(guó)悠久歷史上最讓人敬畏的時(shí)刻之一?，F(xiàn)在也毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是我們最為崇高的時(shí)刻。英國(guó)人民和法國(guó)人民肩并肩，在只得到兩帝國(guó)治下龐大領(lǐng)地內(nèi)人民幫助的情況下——依然正在奮勇前進(jìn)，我們不僅要拯救歐洲，還要保護(hù)全人類(lèi)免遭這一罪孽深重、荼毒生靈的暴政危害，德國(guó)的暴政抹黑、玷污了人類(lèi)的歷史篇章。在英法身后——在英國(guó)和法國(guó)海軍艦隊(duì)的身后——還有一支軍隊(duì)，這支軍隊(duì)的成員來(lái)自各個(gè)山河破碎的國(guó)家，來(lái)自各個(gè)飽受壓迫的民族：捷克人，波蘭人，挪威人，丹麥人，荷蘭人，比利時(shí)人——野蠻暴政帶來(lái)的漫漫長(zhǎng)夜即將籠罩在他們頭頂，即便是希望之星也無(wú)法照亮這一黑夜，唯有勝利的曙光才能粉碎它，我們必須勝利；我們也注定會(huì)勝利。
Today is Trinity Sunday. Centuries ago words were written to be a call and a spur to the faithful servants of Truth and Justice： "Arm yourselves, and be ye men of valour, and be in readiness for the conflict； for it is better for us to perish in battle than to look upon the outrage of our nation and our altar. As the Will of God is in Heaven, even so let it be."
今天是三一主日。千百年前，有人寫(xiě)下這段文字，以召喚真理和正義的信徒：“拿起武器，鼓起勇氣，準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗；與其眼睜睜看著國(guó)家與祭壇慘遭踐踏，不如在戰(zhàn)斗中獻(xiàn)出生命。既然上帝執(zhí)意將其仆人召入天國(guó)，那我們就坦然進(jìn)入天國(guó)吧?！?/strong>
聲明：本人僅按照原文翻譯內(nèi)容，演講內(nèi)容不代表本人觀點(diǎn)。此專(zhuān)欄僅供歷史和英語(yǔ)交流學(xué)習(xí)使用，任何讀者皆可引用本人的譯本。
希望來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的觀眾明白：我覺(jué)得這些專(zhuān)欄的主要精華在于英語(yǔ)原文，而并非我的譯本，我的譯本很大程度上只是供來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾使用的。本人的英語(yǔ)水平一般，翻譯得并不會(huì)多么精彩，只能在你看不懂時(shí)來(lái)幫助你了解這些演講內(nèi)容最基本的意思，而且翻譯時(shí)難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)，切勿直接完全以我的譯本為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有翻譯錯(cuò)誤或者歧義內(nèi)容，歡迎指正。
希望來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾明白：任何歷史人物都有一定的局限性，隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展，很多觀點(diǎn)看法可能已經(jīng)不再適用今天的世界，西方的觀點(diǎn)也不一定適用于我們。通過(guò)了解這些演講，僅可給我們提供一個(gè)更全面了解過(guò)去和世界的渠道。我們可以從優(yōu)秀的歷史、當(dāng)代人物身上學(xué)到很多，但是請(qǐng)保持獨(dú)立思考，理性看待演講內(nèi)容，切勿全信或?qū)⑵浞顬檎胬怼?/strong>
