中國的生物多樣性保護(hù)

第一段

前言

Preface

“生物多樣性”是生物（動物、植物、微生物）與環(huán)境形成的生態(tài)復(fù)合體以及與此相關(guān)的各種生態(tài)過程的總和，包括生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和基因三個層次。生物多樣性關(guān)系人類福祉，是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。人類必須尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然，加大生物多樣性保護(hù)力度，促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生。

Biodiversity refers to the?variety of living species?(plants, animals and microorganisms) in their natural environments and the?aggregate?of the related?ecological processes. It is?measured on three levels: genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the basis for?human survival and development?and?has a direct bearing on?our wellbeing. Humans must respect nature and follow its ways. We must conserve biodiversity to protect nature and?live in harmony with it.

1972年，聯(lián)合國召開人類環(huán)境會議，與會各國共同簽署了《人類環(huán)境宣言》，生物資源保護(hù)被列入二十六項原則之中。

In 1972, at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the?attending nations?signed the?Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which included the conservation of bio-resources in its 26 principles.?

1993年，《生物多樣性公約》正式生效，公約確立了保護(hù)生物多樣性、可持續(xù)利用其組成部分以及公平合理分享由利用遺傳資源而產(chǎn)生的惠益三大目標(biāo)，全球生物多樣性保護(hù)開啟了新紀(jì)元。

In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity?came into effect, which?set three objectives?– the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits?arising out of?the utilization of genetic resources,?ushering?in a new era for the protection of global biodiversity.

中國幅員遼闊，陸海兼?zhèn)?，地貌和氣候?fù)雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一。中國的傳統(tǒng)文化積淀了豐富的生物多樣性智慧，“天人合一”“道法自然”“萬物平等”等思想和理念體現(xiàn)了樸素的生物多樣性保護(hù)意識。

China’s?land and sea territories are both vast; its complex?terrain?and diverse climate?gave birth to?unique ecosystems, abundant species, and rich genetic variety. As one of the most biodiverse countries in the world,?China has a profound understanding of biodiversity,?as?manifest?in traditional Chinese culture and these?aphorisms:?“Man is an integral part of nature”;?“Dao follows the laws of nature”; and?“All beings are equal”.?

作為最早簽署和批準(zhǔn)《生物多樣性公約》的締約方之一，中國一貫高度重視生物多樣性保護(hù)，不斷推進(jìn)生物多樣性保護(hù)與時俱進(jìn)、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，取得顯著成效，走出了一條中國特色生物多樣性保護(hù)之路。

China, as one of the first countries to sign and approve the Convention on Biological Diversity, has always?attached great importance?to biodiversity conservation and preserves biodiversity?with creative and up-to-date measures, achieving substantial progress on a?distinctively Chinese path of conservation.

1. 不要改變原文的意思：生物多樣性是A和B的總和/此處的英文把“的總和”的翻譯去掉了

2. Biodiversity refers totheaggregate of A&B

3. 國外文件Biodiversity refers to the variety and the variability of lives

4. 此處的生態(tài)過程中文不是很明白，但是英文很清楚；可以查一下術(shù)語的英文釋義

5. Variability：易變性 記憶技巧：vari 變化 + ability 可…性 → 變化性

6. 考試時，生態(tài)復(fù)合體在翻譯時可以刪掉，轉(zhuǎn)化成寫作的思維方式

7. ecological being of A and B，可以替代（用模糊詞）

8. 翻譯水平的高低不看名詞，而是看動詞，形容詞，副詞等以及句式的變化/include用measured on代替

9. Biological diversity is a measure of variation at the A，B and C

10. 中文逗號前后的關(guān)系，看是不是并列，中文逗號前后很少是并列，多是因果（用關(guān)聯(lián)詞套），遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，補(bǔ)充說明（前面是 ：表態(tài)－判斷－總結(jié)，后面是證據(jù)）此處不是并列關(guān)系，不應(yīng)用and，最好用as引導(dǎo)

11. A bear on B :A關(guān)系到B /直接關(guān)系和關(guān)系到意思不同，但此處加了direct （翻譯需嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)）

12. Survival and development 生存和發(fā)展? the right to the subsistence and development生存權(quán)與發(fā)展權(quán)

13. 形容詞和副詞不能輕易的刪除和添加：此處的“重要”沒有翻譯important basis /foundation for／

A sustain B:Ａ是B賴以生存的..

14. 英文的邏輯肯定要有邏輯詞，但是中文中邏輯會隱藏

15. 尊重，順應(yīng)，保護(hù)作為非實義動詞，是一種表態(tài)，觀念/三步走：理念，原則，指導(dǎo)方針--措施do--目標(biāo)goal，每一步可以單獨成句/可以第一二步合并，第三單獨/也可以1+2，3 /化繁為簡

16. Step up efforts加大力度 the better protect biodiversity to/可以用比較級

17. Promote很少用，可以用foster 促進(jìn)Push for sth努力實現(xiàn)..being our push for/push做名詞/或者直接用for greater harmony between man and nature

18. Follow its way/go with its way順應(yīng)自然

19. 最重要的是要把邏輯關(guān)系弄明白，才能翻譯好

第二段

中共十八大以來，在習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想引領(lǐng)下，中國堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系日臻完善、監(jiān)管機(jī)制不斷加強(qiáng)、基礎(chǔ)能力大幅提升，生物多樣性治理新格局基本形成，生物多樣性保護(hù)進(jìn)入新的歷史時期。

Since the?18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)?in 2012, China has been?prioritizing?eco-environmental progress and pursuing green development?under the guidance of Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization. A new pattern of biodiversity conservation has?largely taken shape, with improvements to the?legal system,?supervision mechanisms?and?governing capacity?for eco-conservation, marking the beginning of a new era for biodiversity conservation in China.?

當(dāng)前，全球物種滅絕速度不斷加快，生物多樣性喪失和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化對人類生存和發(fā)展構(gòu)成重大風(fēng)險。2020年9月30日，習(xí)近平主席在聯(lián)合國生物多樣性峰會上指出，要站在對人類文明負(fù)責(zé)的高度，探索人與自然和諧共生之路，凝聚全球治理合力，提升全球環(huán)境治理水平。中國將秉持人類命運共同體理念，繼續(xù)為全球環(huán)境治理貢獻(xiàn)力量。

Currently, as species worldwide are becoming extinct?at an alarming rate, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation?pose a major risk to?human survival and development. On September 30, 2020, at the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that the whole of humanity needs to?take on its pressing responsibilities, find a way for human and nature to coexist in harmony, and build?synergy?for and enhance global governance on the environment.?Guided by the vision of?building a global community of shared future, China will continue to contribute its part to global environmental governance.

為介紹中國生物多樣性保護(hù)理念和實踐，增進(jìn)國際社會對中國生物多樣性保護(hù)的了解，特發(fā)布本白皮書。

The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present China’s ideas, plans and actions on biodiversity conservation, and share its progress with the international community.

第三段

一、秉持人與自然和諧共生理念

I. Harmony Between Humanity and Nature

中國生物多樣性保護(hù)以建設(shè)美麗中國為目標(biāo)，積極適應(yīng)新形勢新要求，不斷加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新生物多樣性保護(hù)舉措，持續(xù)完善生物多樣性保護(hù)體制，努力促進(jìn)人與自然、人與人、人與社會和諧共生、良性循環(huán)、全面發(fā)展、持續(xù)繁榮。

To realize the?Beautiful China initiative?under a new situation, China is?improving the measures?for biodiversity conservation and?creating new frameworks?for this purpose.?In its pursuit of?harmony between humanity and nature, between individuals, and between the individual and society, China?endeavors?to create a?virtuous circle?for all-round development and prolonged prosperity for all.

——堅持尊重自然、保護(hù)優(yōu)先。

– Respecting nature and prioritizing biodiversity conservation.?

——堅持綠色發(fā)展、持續(xù)利用。

– Seeking green development and sustainable utilization of bio-resources.

——堅持制度先行、統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)。

– Enhancing?institutional guarantee?and coordinating actions for biodiversity conservation.

——堅持多邊主義、合作共贏。

– Upholding multilateralism and win-win cooperation.?

二、提高生物多樣性保護(hù)成效

II. Increasing the Efficiency of Biodiversity Conservation

中國堅持在發(fā)展中保護(hù)、在保護(hù)中發(fā)展，提出并實施國家公園體制建設(shè)和生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線劃定等重要舉措，不斷強(qiáng)化就地與遷地保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)生物安全管理，持續(xù)改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量，協(xié)同推進(jìn)生物多樣性保護(hù)與綠色發(fā)展，生物多樣性保護(hù)取得顯著成效。

China advances biodiversity conservation and development?in parallel. It has?proposed and implemented?measures such as building the national parks system and?setting ecological conservation red lines?(ECRLs), strengthened?in-situ and ex-situ?conservation, reinforced biological security management, improved the eco-environment, and coordinated the conservation of biodiversity with green development, thereby?making significant gains?in protecting biodiversity.