人物介紹-伊麗莎白女王

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other

Commonwealth realms

from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen

regnant

of 32

sovereign

states during her lifetime and remained the

monarch

of 15 realms by the time of her death. Her reign of over 70 years is the longest of any British monarch and the longest

verified reign

of any female head of state in history.

Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Her father

acceded

to the

throne

in 1936 upon the

abdication

of his brother Edward VIII, making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the heir

presumptive

. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in 2021. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.

When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth—then 25 years old—became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (known today as Sri Lanka), as well as head of the Commonwealth. Elizabeth reigned as a

constitutional

monarch through major political changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland,

devolution

in the United Kingdom, the

decolonisation

of Africa, and the United Kingdom's accession to the European Communities and withdrawal from the European Union. The number of her realms varied over time as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. As queen, Elizabeth was served by more than 170 prime ministers across her realms. Her many historic visits and meetings included state visits to China in 1986, to Russia in 1994, and to the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and meetings with five popes and fourteen US presidents.

Significant events included Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her

Silver,Golden,Diamond,and Platinum jubilees

in 1977, 2002, 2012, and 2022, respectively. Although she faced occasional republican sentiment and media criticism of her family—particularly after the breakdowns of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana—support for the monarchy in the United Kingdom remained

consistently

high throughout her lifetime, as did her personal popularity. Elizabeth died aged 96 at Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, in September 2022 and was succeeded by her eldest son, Charles III.

生詞出現(xiàn)

Commonwealth n.英聯(lián)邦

realms n.領(lǐng)域，王國，場(chǎng)所

regnant n.統(tǒng)治者

sovereign n.君主，元首

monarch n.帝王

verify n.區(qū)分辨認(rèn)

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