正文翻譯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：bluebit 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
論壇地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-487916-1-1.html

Is Internet Addiction Real?

網(wǎng)癮真實存在嗎？

With kids spending more and more time onscreens, parents worry that they are getting hooked

孩子們在屏幕上耗費的時間越來越多，家長們擔(dān)心成癮

internet addiction. Phone addiction.Technology addiction. Whatever you call it, a lot of parents are expressingworries that their children are addicted to their devices.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮、手機成癮、科技成癮。無論你如何稱呼，大多家長均指的是擔(dān)心他們的孩子沉迷于電子設(shè)備中。

Is the behavior that parents are concernedabout really addiction?

父母真的是對電子設(shè)備成癮擔(dān)心嗎？

Are kids addicted?

是孩子們上癮了嗎？

While the comparison to substance abuse istempting, because devices are stimulating to the same reward centers of thebrain, experts point out crucial differences.

盡管與藥物濫用進行比較很形象，但專家指出了兩者之間的根本區(qū)別。

“Addiction doesn’t really capture the behavior we’re seeing,” saysDr. Matthew Cruger, a neuropsychologist and the director of the Learning andDevelopment Center at the Child Mind Insititute. “With addiction you have achemical that changes the way we respond, that leads us to be reliant on it forour level of functioning. That’s not what ‘s happening here. We don’t develophigher levels of tolerance. We don’t need more and more screen time in order tobe able to function.”

成癮的行為并不能為我們所真正捕捉到，”神經(jīng)心理學(xué)家、兒童心理研究所(Child Mind insite)學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)展中心(Learning and Development Center)主任馬修克魯格博士表示?！俺砂a會產(chǎn)生一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它會改變我們的反應(yīng)方式，導(dǎo)致我們依賴它來維持我們的功能水平。電子或屏幕成癮不是這樣的。我們沒有發(fā)展出更高水平的耐受性。我們不需要[size=14.3999996185303px]更多的時間面對屏幕來滿足。

There is, technically, no such thing asinternet or phone addiction. Some in the psychiatric community haveproposed a new disorder called internetgaming disorder, to recognize unhealthy patterns of game-playing. But to riseto the level of a disorder, Dr. Anderson notes, the behavior would would bevery extreme, and seriously impairing to a child’s life.

從技術(shù)上來講，不存在網(wǎng)癮或手機癮之說。精神病學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的一些人提出了一種新的疾病概念，叫做網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲障礙，用來區(qū)分不健康的游戲方式。但安德森博士指出，如果這種行為上升到不可控的程度，就會變得非常極端，嚴(yán)重傷害孩子們的生活。

That would mean an amount of screen timethat’s not only more than parents feel comfortable with, but that crowds outother age-appropriate activities, like socializing, sports, school work — evenhygiene and sleep. “We would be looking at adolescents who are pushingeverything else out of their lives,” explains Dr. Anderson. “They are not having friendships, notengaging socially — at least offline — and they may be failing in school.”

該癥狀的出現(xiàn)說明，孩子們占有大量的屏幕時間不僅讓父母感到不舒服，還會擠壓適齡時期的活動時間，比如社交、運動、寫作業(yè)，甚至包括衛(wèi)生與睡眠。安德森博士解釋說:“我們研究那些迷戀屏幕而脫離生活的青少年?！薄八麄儧]有朋友，沒有社交能力，甚至脫離網(wǎng)絡(luò)后，在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)也是很差。

The amount of time teenagers typicallyspend on phones and other devices can be misleading as a measure of whetherthey are unhealthily engaged. That’s because many of the things kids do onthose devices are age-appropriate activities that in the past have been doneoffline: socializing with peers, exploring personal interests, shopping,listening to music, doing schoolwork, watching movies or TV.

青少年通常花在手機或在其他（游戲）設(shè)備上的時間，來作為衡量他們是否不健康的指標(biāo)，或許具有誤導(dǎo)性。這是因為孩子們在這些設(shè)備上做的事情大多為此時的適齡活動，而這些活動在過去都是在真實世界中進行的，例如與同齡人交往、興趣探索、購物、聽音樂、做作業(yè)、看電影或電視。

Texting and use of social media sites, forinstance, have become important channels for adolescents connecting to othersand being validated. Role-playing games allow kids to interact not only withfriends, but to people around the world. A 2016 report by Common Sense Mediaconcluded: “What looks like excessive use and distraction is actually areflection of new ways of maintaining peer relations and engaging incommunities that are relevant to them.”

短信與社交網(wǎng)站的使用，已經(jīng)成為青少年與他人聯(lián)系或被認(rèn)可的重要渠道。角色扮演游戲不僅能讓孩子們與朋友產(chǎn)生互動，還能接觸到世界各地的人們。常識媒體(Common Sense Media)在2016年的一份報告中總結(jié)道:“看似過度沉迷和注意力分散的行為，實際上是在維持同伴關(guān)系、參與聚會的新種方式

Is it masking a mental health disorder?

網(wǎng)癮是否被錯誤的理解成是一種精神紊亂？

When a child seems unhealthily focused onvideo games, to the point of social isolation, the behavior may be, rather thanaddiction, a product of other mental health problems.

當(dāng)孩子看似沉迷電子游戲，以至孤立于社會時，該行為可能是其他心理健康問題，而不是上癮。

Dr. Anderson reports that he finds himselfsaying to parents, “We understand your hypothesis that your kid is addicted togames, but it may be that he is socially anxious. It may be that he isdepressed. It may be that he has a learning disorder.”

安德森博士報告中對父母們說道，“我們理解你們的假設(shè)，但孩子沉迷于游戲，可能是因為他有社交恐懼。她可能沮喪。還可能有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。“

Problematic use

使用問題

While experts say that parents shouldremain skeptical of the notion of addiction, they also argue that parentsshould be alx for potential negative fallout from screen use. Apps and gamesare designed to keep us engaged as much as possible, and it can be hard forchildren to exercise self-control when their impulse is to keep scrolling.

盡管專家們表示，家長們應(yīng)該慎重來看待上癮概念，但專家們也認(rèn)為，家長們應(yīng)該警惕長時間面對屏幕所可能帶來的負(fù)面影響。應(yīng)用程序和游戲的設(shè)計目的是讓我們盡可能地沉浸其中，當(dāng)孩子們面對極具誘惑的屏幕時，可能很難把控自己。

There is ample evidence that intense socialmedia use is correlated with anincrease in anxiety and depression as teenagers,especially girls, compare themselves unfavorably to their peers and worry aboutmissing out.

有充分的證據(jù)表明，過度使用社交軟件與青少年(尤其是女孩)焦慮和抑郁增加有關(guān)，因為她們常與自己同齡人進行比較怕處于劣勢，擔(dān)心錯過機會。

Research shows that excessive gaming —spending two-thirds or more of free time — is correlated with negative mentalhealth outcomes, including higher incidence of anxiety, depression andsubstance use.

研究表明，過度的游戲——花費三分之二或更多的空閑時間——與消極的心理健康，包括高度的焦慮、抑郁和頻繁使用藥物有關(guān)。

There is evidence that multitasking — usingsocial media, texting, watching tv while doing homework — undermines cognitivefunctioning and decreases learning.

有證據(jù)表明，同時專注多種活動，例如做作業(yè)時的同時使用社交軟件、發(fā)短信、看電視，會破壞認(rèn)知功能，降低學(xué)習(xí)效率。

And, of course, experts note constantattention to devices comes at the cost of other activities that are ultimatelymore valuable, and developmentally important.

當(dāng)然，專家指出，過于專注某些電子設(shè)備是以其他活動為代價的，而這些活動更具意義，對發(fā)身心發(fā)展也更為重要。

Superficial engagement

輕參與

The key, he notes, is to help parents setappropriate boundaries around screens, to understand what their kids are doingonline, to feel confident that they areis engaging in the right developmental tasks — online or off.

他指出，關(guān)鍵在于幫助父母建立起孩子在屏幕前恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，了解孩子在網(wǎng)上做什么，讓他們感到正在做的是項具有正確前景的活動，建立自信，無論是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)還是在現(xiàn)實中。

評論翻譯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：bluebit 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
論壇地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-487916-1-1.html

Parent of a 1, 1, 4, and 10 year oldwritten bySuzanne E.
My son is 10 and for sure he has anaddictive personality, and gaming is his most common addiction presently. If Itell him to shut down x-box, he grabs my phone, I tell him to put down my phoneand he grabs his tablet, them I find myself yelling at him that he is addictedto electronics. It drives me absolutely crazy. I encourage outside play timeand play time with his siblings, but this is still an ongoing battle.

我兒子10歲了，以他的個性很容易上癮，他常見的上癮舉動就是玩游戲。如果我讓他關(guān)掉x-box，他就會搶走我的手機，讓他放下，他就去找平板電腦，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會對他的沉迷舉動氣的哇哇大叫。真是把我逼瘋了。我想讓他去和兄弟姐妹一起玩，但這就像是一場長期的斗爭。

Parent of a 12 year oldwritten by Jack L.
Internet addiction can be very strong tocertain teens, but it is not real to some.

網(wǎng)癮對青少年來說可是個大問題，對其他人可不全是。

Adult written by IAmALier
Adult. 21. I am completely addicted to mymom. I use it all the time. No one can ever get me off it. I ignore my parentsand sister. I don’t really care about anything anymore. I don’t have socialmedia. Not my thing. But I use Tasty all day. I use my phone 24/7! So yeah I’mobsessed

我成人了，今年21.我完全被網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲給迷住了。我整天沉浸其中，沒人可以讓我擺脫它。我不想和爸爸媽媽姐姐說話。什么都不想搭理，我不上社交網(wǎng)站。什么事都不做，一天24小時都在玩手機。我已經(jīng)上癮了。

Kid, 12 years old
Maybe you should take away your child'sphone on school days so they are forced to pay more attention to theirschoolwork. My friend LOVES her phone and her parents take away her phoneduring the school week

也許你家孩子上學(xué)前就應(yīng)該把他的手機拿走，這樣他們就不得不專注于學(xué)習(xí)。我朋友就喜歡玩手機，但她在上學(xué)前她爸媽就把她手機拿走了