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化為熟悉的樣子(2021全國(guó)甲導(dǎo)數(shù))

2022-10-13 00:56 作者:數(shù)學(xué)老頑童  | 我要投稿

(2021全國(guó)甲,21)已知a%3E0a%5Cne%201,函數(shù)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5Ea%7D%7Ba%5Ex%7Dx%3E0).

(1)當(dāng)a%3D2時(shí),求f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的單調(diào)區(qū)間;

(2)若曲線y%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20與直線y%3D1有且僅有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),求a的取值范圍.

解:(1)當(dāng)a%3D2時(shí),f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B2%5Ex%7D,

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B2x%5Ccdot%202%5Ex-x%5E2%5Ccdot%202%5Ex%5Cln%202%7D%7B%5Cleft(%202%5Ex%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B2-x%5Cln%202%7D%20%5Cright)%7D%7B2%5Ex%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%3D0,得x%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cln%20%202%7D,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cln%20%202%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B%5Cln%20%202%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D.

(2)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D1%5Cfrac%7Bx%5Ea%7D%7Ba%5Ex%7D%3D1,

其等價(jià)于%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20x%7D%7Bx%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D%7D

g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20x%7D%7Bx%7D,則

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%5Ccdot%20x-%5Cln%20%20x%5Ccdot%201%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1-%5Cln%20%20x%7D%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D

g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%3D0,得x%3D%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D,g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0,g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D;

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,g'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%7D%3Dg%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D%7D.

另外注意到:g%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D1%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D0,并且

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7D,g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3C0%7D,

當(dāng)x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%201%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D,g%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%3E0%7D.

當(dāng)%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D%3C0%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft%5C%7B%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright%5C%7D%20%7D時(shí),

直線y%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D至多與曲線y%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20x%7D%7Bx%7D有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),不合題意;

當(dāng)0%3C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D%3C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%7D,

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D時(shí),由于

g%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D,

g%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D,

g%5Cleft(%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B2a%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Cln%20%20a%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3C%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D,

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_1%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20

%5Cexists%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx_2%7D%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%2C%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B2a%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Cln%20%20a%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%20%5Cright)%20,

使得g%5Cleft(%20x_1%20%5Cright)%20%3Dg%5Cleft(%20x_2%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20%20a%7D%7Ba%7D.

比例并非1:1

綜上所述:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%201%2C%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D.

化為熟悉的樣子(2021全國(guó)甲導(dǎo)數(shù))的評(píng)論 (共 條)

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