TED演講者：Kris Alexander / 克里斯·亞歷山大

演講標(biāo)題：How video games can level up the way you learn / 電子游戲如何提升你的學(xué)習(xí)方式

內(nèi)容概要：Video games naturally tap into the way we learn: they focus our attention and track our progress as we head toward a clear goal. Kris Alexander, a professor of video game design and passionate gamer himself, thinks the same elements should be used in traditional education to cater to different learning styles and engage students across the world, both in-person and online.

電子游戲自然而然地影響著我們學(xué)習(xí)的方式：它們集中了我們的注意力，記錄了我們朝著一個清晰目標(biāo)努力的進度?？死锼埂啔v山大（Kris Alexander）是一名游戲設(shè)計教授，也是一個游戲迷，他認(rèn)為電子游戲里的元素也該被用于傳統(tǒng)教育，迎合各種不同的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格，讓世界各地的學(xué)生都能在線上、線下保持興趣。

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【1】When I was in senior year university, this was around 2004, I was in one of those classes where the teacher would read the slides word-for-word as part of a three-hour lecture.

我讀大四的時候, 大概是 2004 年, 我上了一門課, 老師在這三個小時的課上 就是在讀 ppt。

【2】Oh, you all know what I'm talking about?

哦,你們都知道我在說什么？

【3】I ended up doing alright in the class by catering to my own learning style.

最終我憑借自己的學(xué)習(xí)方式 在這門課上取得了還不錯的成績。

【4】After a little bit of experimentation, I found that playing a video game during this lecture, a game like Tetris, or in this particular case, "Zelda: The Minish Cap,"

我試驗了一下, 發(fā)現(xiàn)在這門課上打游戲, 比如俄羅斯方塊, 或者特指這門課上的例子: 《塞爾達(dá)傳說:縮小帽》,

【5】helped me pay attention because the primary way I engage with information is by listening.

可以讓我集中注意力, 因為我接觸信息的主要方式 只有聆聽。

【6】And this meant that the teacher's voice with matching text were a distraction for me.

這意味著 老師的聲音加上對應(yīng)的文本 對我來說都是干擾。

【7】Anyway, I was at the back listening and participating, mind you.

反正我就待在后面聽著, 還“參與”著。

【8】But one day, this teacher decided to call me out.

但是有一天,這個老師 決定要點名批評我。

【9】He stopped the class and said, "Excuse me.

他停下了講課, 說道:“不好意思,

【10】Are you playing video games in my class?"

你是在我的課上打游戲嗎？”

【11】And then I said, "I am, sir, but this is the way that I learn."

然后我說: “沒錯,老師, 但這是我學(xué)習(xí)的方式?！?/p>

【12】And then he said, "There's no way that you're learning anything."

然后他說: “你怎么可能在學(xué)東西?！?/p>

【13】And then I said, "Sir, I'm not interrupting.

然后我說: “老師,我不是要找茬。

【14】I am learning, and I'm even participating."

我在學(xué)習(xí), 我還在參與呢?！?/p>

【15】And then he said, "No, I don't want you playing video games in my class."

然后他說:“不行, 我不能讓你在我的課上打游戲?！?/p>

【16】And then I said, "Sir ..."

然后我說:“老師……”

【17】And then I said, "Sir, I'm going to place this Game Boy Advance on the table, repeat your last two sentences word-for-word, and then I'm going to pick up this Game Boy Advance and keep playing."

然后我說:“老師,我現(xiàn)在可以 把這臺 GBA 游戲機放在桌上, 然后把你剛說的兩句話 一字一句復(fù)述出來, 然后拿起 GBA 接著玩。”

【18】And then he said, "I don't think you can do that."

然后他說: “我覺得你不行?！?/p>

【19】And then the class went, "Oooooh."

然后其他同學(xué)起哄:“哦 ”

【20】You can picture that, alright, cool.

你能想象出來吧,好。

【21】So I placed my Game Boy Advance on the table, I looked him right in his eye, repeated his last two sentences, word-for-word, and then I picked up my Game Boy Advance and kept playing.

然后我把 我的 GBA 放在了桌上, 四目相對, 復(fù)述了他剛說的兩句話, 一字不落, 然后拿起了我的 GBA 接著玩。

【22】And then you know what he said?

你知道他之后說了什么嗎？

【23】'"Alright, carry on."

“行吧,接著玩。”

【24】So since that day, I've become a professor myself ...

從那天起, 我也成長為了一個教授,

【25】of video game design.

專業(yè)是電子游戲設(shè)計。

【26】And I'm convinced that there's absolutely something that video games can teach the world of academia.

我確信電子游戲中絕對存在 可以為學(xué)術(shù)界帶來啟發(fā)的東西。

【27】Like, how they can cater to human learning, how they can enhance online instruction and how they can provide clear objectives.

比如,它們?nèi)绾芜m用于 人類學(xué)習(xí)的過程, 如何增強線上教學(xué), 如何提供清晰的目標(biāo)。

【28】Let me explain.

我來解釋一下。

【29】Humans can take in information in three core ways: audio, text and video.

人類吸收信息主要有三種方式: 音頻、文本和視頻。

【30】Now, as I demonstrated earlier, I'm an oral learner, which means I prefer to take in information via sound.

如我剛剛所說, 我是一個口述學(xué)習(xí)者, 也就是說我傾向于 通過聲音吸收信息。

【31】And some studies show that when two or more of these channels are used, learning gains are higher.

有一些研究表明 如果利用了兩個或多個途徑, 學(xué)習(xí)的收獲會更多。

【32】But, there's a catch.

但是這兒有個問題。

【33】Now, I was struggling to pay attention in this class because of something called cognitive overload, which can happen when audio, text and video aren't different enough when used together.

我在這門課上難以集中注意力, 是因為“認(rèn)知超載”這個現(xiàn)象, 它會在音頻、文本和視頻 在一起使用時 區(qū)分度不高的情況下出現(xiàn)。

【34】So when the audio of my teacher matched the excessive text on his slides, my brain was overloaded.

所以,我老師的聲音 加上幻燈片上密密麻麻的字 讓我的腦子超載了。

【35】Teachers who use technology in the classroom need to ensure that each channel is complementary, otherwise, students are going to have difficulty transferring information from working memory to long-term memory.

在課堂上使用科技手段的老師們 必須確保每種途徑是互補的, 不然學(xué)生會難以把信息 從工作記憶存入長期記憶。

【36】Now, I fixed the problem for myself by essentially using the teacher's voice as the soundtrack for the game I was playing.

我解決了自己的問題, 只是把老師的聲音 當(dāng)作我玩的游戲的背景音樂。

【37】And this brings me to my first point.

這就說到了我的第一個觀點。

【38】Video games, by design, are a complex blend of audio, text, video and interactivity that can intensify focus.

電子游戲有意被設(shè)計為 音頻、文本、視頻和 交互性的復(fù)雜結(jié)合體, 加強人們的注意力。

【39】That was the point of my PhD.

這就是我博士論文的論點。

【40】And because of their enjoyment factor, these components of video games can help with something our students desperately need in the classroom: motivation.

由于電子游戲的享樂元素, 這些電子游戲的組成部分有助于 我們的學(xué)生在課堂上 迫切需要的東西: 動力。

【41】Now, at their best, video games can immerse us, focus our attention and provide clear objectives with demonstrated output.

最理想的情況是 電子游戲讓我們沉浸其中, 集中我們的注意力, 以可見的成果提供明確的目標(biāo)。

【42】You know how well you're doing every step of the way.

你知道你在這條路上的 每一步做得如何。

【43】And video games can teach multiple things simultaneously.

電子游戲可以同時傳授幾樣?xùn)|西。

【44】Like ...

比如……

【45】There's this class I teach, game design, where I like to use a video game called "Virginia."

這是我教的一門課, 《游戲設(shè)計》, 我會以一個名為 《弗吉尼亞》的電子游戲為例。

【46】Now, in "Virginia," you play as Anne Tarver, a newly-hired FBI agent who is tasked with internally investigating someone who just happens to be the only other female agent in the precinct.

在《弗吉尼亞》中, 你會扮演安妮.塔弗（Anne Tarver）, 一個剛?cè)肼毜?FBI 探員, 接到任務(wù),要求內(nèi)部調(diào)查某人, 而這個人是這個片區(qū) 除你之外的唯一女性探員。

【47】And this game is based on a true story.

這款游戲改編自真實事件。

【48】Now, on the surface, I'm using "Virginia" to teach game design.

明面上我通過《弗吉尼亞》 教授游戲設(shè)計。

【49】But I'm also using the mechanics of video games to trick students into exploring complex concepts like history, sexism, racism, corporate culture and tokenism while we play this game together.

但是我也在通過電子游戲的形式 把學(xué)生“騙”來 探索一些復(fù)雜的領(lǐng)域, 如歷史、性別歧視主義、種族主義、 企業(yè)文化和形式主義, 都是通過我們一起玩游戲的形式。

【50】To me, effective instruction merges theory and practice.

對我來說,有效的教學(xué) 是知行合一的。

【51】Each week in this class, I like to pick a unique video game that matches the game theory and sprinkles in a couple of life takeaways.

每周上課的時候, 我都會選擇某個 符合博弈論的電子游戲, 再補充幾條人生體會。

【52】We play the game together and talk about it, and then the students have to go and make video games themselves.

我們一起打游戲,一起討論, 然后學(xué)生得自己做出一款電子游戲。

【53】And this all happens -- wait for it - online.

這些都是在 聽好了 線上完成的。

【54】And guess what?

你猜怎么著？

【55】COVID forced everyone to join me teaching online, and most schools struggled.

新冠疫情逼迫每個人線上上課, 很多學(xué)校不堪其擾。

【56】But there are many examples of effective online instruction in unlikely places like YouTube streams, Netflix programming, and, believe it or not, Amazon's Twitch.

但也有許多例子證明 有效的線上教學(xué) 會出現(xiàn)在一些不同尋常的地方, 比如 YouTube 直播、 Netflix 節(jié)目, 還有令人難以置信的 亞馬遜 Twitch 中。

【57】Now, as you probably know, Twitch is an online streaming platform where people can watch other people play video games.

你可能已經(jīng)知道了, Twitch 是一個在線直播平臺, 人們可以看別人打游戲。

【58】But it can also be used to learn how to paint with Ergo Josh.

但也可以用它 跟 ERGO.JOSH 學(xué)畫畫。

【59】Learn how to play piano with Juanorpiano.

跟 Juanorpiano 學(xué)習(xí) 如何彈鋼琴。

【60】Learn how to code with RothioTome and even how to cook meals with yarumichan.

跟 RothioTome 學(xué)習(xí)編程, 甚至是跟 yarumichan 學(xué)習(xí)做飯。

【61】Uh-huh, yeah, real.

沒錯,是真的。

【62】And Twitch had an average of 2.78 million concurrent viewers in 2021.

Twitch 在 2021 年的 平均同時觀看人數(shù)為 278 萬。

【63】Now, that's a lot of motivated learners if you actually think about it.

可想而知, 有這么多興致勃勃的學(xué)習(xí)者。

【64】One of my favorite classes to teach online is a class called Esports Broadcasting, where I'm essentially just using video games to teach students how to professionally present themselves online using a free piece of software called Open Broadcaster Software, or OBS.

我最喜歡的一門在線教授的課是 電子競技直播, 我只是通過電子游戲 指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何專業(yè)地 在線展示他們自己, 使用一款名為 OBS 直播的免費軟件 （Open Broadcaster Software）。

【65】Here, I teach them how to connect any available camera to the software.

我在課上指導(dǎo)它們?nèi)绾?把各種可用的相機接入這款軟件。

【66】Add white balance and color correction to help that image pop, and compress any available microphone to make it sound and look exactly like what they're accustomed to consuming online.

調(diào)節(jié)白平衡, 打開顏色校正, 讓圖片更顯眼, 壓縮所有的麥克風(fēng), 讓直播聽起來、看起來 完全適合線上觀賞。

【67】And the same processes that hooked viewers on Twitch are the same processes schools should use to learn how to engage students online and globally.

Twitch 讓觀眾無法自拔的方法 就是學(xué)校該學(xué)習(xí)如何讓學(xué)生 在線上、在世界各地 保持注意力的方法。

【68】That should be one of their objectives, shouldn't it?

這就該是學(xué)校的目標(biāo)之一,對吧？

【69】Hold on.

等等。

【70】What are the objectives of a post-secondary education anyway?

高等教育的目標(biāo)到底是什么??？

【71】And what could education overall learn from video games, which clearly say: start here, do these things and then obtain these things.

教育可以從電子游戲那里 得到的宏觀啟示 清晰可見: 從這兒開始, 完成這些任務(wù), 獲取這些物品。

【72】Now, if the goal of a post-secondary education includes students getting a job in the same thing they went to school for, guess what?

如果高等教育的目標(biāo) 包括了學(xué)生從事 與在校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容相同的職業(yè), 你猜怎么著？

【73】Schools are failing.

學(xué)校都做不到。

【74】More than half of graduates do not get jobs in their field of study.

超過半數(shù)畢業(yè)生 不會從事在校專業(yè)的職業(yè)。

【75】That would be like enrolling in chef training and then graduating to start a job in data analytics.

比如接受了烹飪培訓(xùn), 畢業(yè)了以后找了個數(shù)據(jù)分析的工作。

【76】Why not just enroll in data analytics?

為什么不直接學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)分析呢？

【77】You could.

可以啊。

【78】Grow with Google has an online program promising you a job in data analytics starting at 74,000 dollars a year, and that program is free to start.

Grow with Google 成長計劃 提供了一個線上項目, 承諾讓你找到一份年薪至少為 74000 美元的數(shù)據(jù)分析工作, 且項目免費注冊。

【79】Epic Games offers a pathway to become a developer with its Unreal Engine for interactive 3D development, a field that they say has gone up 601 percent and is paying people 57 percent more than the average salary.

Epic Games 提供了 成為程序員的學(xué)習(xí)路徑, 使用它家的虛幻引擎 （Unreal Engine）完成交互 3D 開發(fā), 這個領(lǐng)域增長了 601%, 為從事者提供 高于平均薪資 57% 的薪水。

【80】For clarity, their Unreal Engine is the same tool used to build Fortnite and the same tool used to build some of the backgrounds behind "The Mandalorian."

讓我說明白點,虛幻引擎 就是開發(fā)《堡壘之夜》的那個工具, 也是制作美劇《曼達(dá)洛人》中的 一些背景圖像的工具。

【81】At no cost to use.

免費使用。

【82】Are y'all hearing all these near-free, no-fee examples I'm giving you?

你們都聽到了我剛送給你們的 幾乎免費、不收費的例子了吧？

【83】University in particular is mad expensive.

尤其是大學(xué),貴得要死。

【84】The cost of university has gone up 1,200 percent since 1980.

讀大學(xué)的費用自 1980 年以來 上漲了 1200%。

【85】To me ...

我認(rèn)為……

【86】To me, there's not a single job, trade or discipline that doesn't in some way connect to the video games industry.

我認(rèn)為沒有一個崗位、 生意或者學(xué)科 與電子游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)毫無關(guān)聯(lián)。

【87】There are dentists like Dr. August de Oliveira, who are using augmented reality to see the roots of your teeth while working on your teeth.

有像奧古斯特.德.奧利維拉醫(yī)生 （August de Oliveira）這樣的牙醫(yī), 在檢查牙齒時利用增強現(xiàn)實（AR） 觀察你的牙根。

【88】Psychologists are using virtual reality to help you overcome a fear of spiders, and broadcast technicians responsible for filming a dragon flying over a live stadium full of people as part of a League of Legends esports broadcast.

心理學(xué)家通過虛擬現(xiàn)實（VR） 幫你克服對蜘蛛的恐懼, 廣播技術(shù)員要拍攝一條龍 飛過現(xiàn)正人頭攢動的體育館, 作為《英雄聯(lián)盟》 電競直播的一部分。

【89】Video game technologies are embedded in all of these.

電子游戲技術(shù)參與其中。

【90】And that must mean that the video games industry is not just made of players but made of you.

這也就意味著電子游戲產(chǎn)業(yè) 不止由玩家們組成, 而是由我們每個人組成。

【91】Now, I'm not suggesting that video games replace classroom instruction - Settle down, internet.

我不是在提倡用電子游戲 替代課堂教學(xué) 沒說你,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

【92】I'm advocating for the components of video games, especially the engaging ones, to be ported into classroom instruction because the audience, the students, clearly understand the medium.

我想提倡的是 電子游戲的組成部分, 尤其是引人入勝的部分, 可以引入課堂教學(xué), 因為觀眾,也就是學(xué)生, 可以清晰地理解這種傳播渠道。

【93】There are roughly three billion video game players worldwide.

全球大約有 30 億名 電子游戲玩家。

【94】Video games contain the blueprint for engaging education because of the way that they cater to human learning, a complex story interwoven with learning content and a bit of artificial intelligence for difficulty and balance.

電子游戲描繪了 引人入勝的教學(xué)該是什么樣子, 因為它有著適合人類學(xué)習(xí)的方式、 與學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容交織在一起的復(fù)雜故事 再加上一點人工智能的元素, 調(diào)節(jié)難度和平衡。

【95】Online instruction can be enhanced if schools turn to top streaming platforms and streamers to learn how to effectively engage students online.

如果學(xué)校向頂級直播平臺和主播 學(xué)習(xí)如何有效地在線上 保持學(xué)生的注意力, 那么在線教學(xué)的效果就會增強。

【96】And the objectives for education overall need to be as specific as a video game so that those who are enrolled have a clear line of sight to where they're headed.

教育的整體目標(biāo) 必須像電子游戲里的那樣具體, 這樣參與學(xué)習(xí)的人 可以清晰地看清 他們會達(dá)成的目標(biāo)。

【97】If we can start showing students how their passion for playing connects to their futures, we will have done our jobs.

如果我們可以向?qū)W生展示 他們對玩游戲的熱情 如何關(guān)聯(lián)上他們的未來, 這就是我們的職責(zé)所在。

【98】The next generation of teachers are those who can connect the path of study to profession via passion.

下一代老師 會是那些能把學(xué)習(xí)過程 與懷揣熱情的工作 結(jié)合在一起的人。

【99】Oh, and one last thing about the playing of video games.

哦,關(guān)于打游戲的最后一件事。

【100】There's a 2022 study suggesting that the playing of video games is associated with heightened cognition, faster reaction times, improved working memory and modifying the cortical networks associated with the process of playing.

2022 年 有一個研究表明打游戲 與高等認(rèn)知、 更短的反應(yīng)時間、 增強的工作記憶、 改變與游玩過程 相關(guān)的皮質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)有關(guān)。

【101】And that ...

這就是……

【102】is what I should have said to that teacher.

我該告訴那個老師的事。

【103】Thank you.

謝謝。