以進(jìn)口技術(shù)成本的一小部分制造功能性假肢，仿生創(chuàng)新者和 TED 研究員恩佐·羅梅羅分享了一個(gè)開創(chuàng)性的模型，用于設(shè)計(jì)來自回收材料的 3D 打印輔助技術(shù)——在他的祖國秘魯建造并為他的祖國秘魯建造。聽聽盧克·天行者在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中的仿生手如何啟發(fā)羅梅羅追求機(jī)電一體化工程，并幫助殘障人士和資源有限的人重獲新生。

One in seven people around the world has some kind of disability.?Being born without my right hand has defined who I amover the past 30 years.?I was fortunate to grow [up] in the sacred valley of the Incas?in Cusco, Peru,?surrounded by people who weren't surprised to see me driving my bike?or probably playing basketball.?When I was seven, I remember being stunned?after I watched "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,"?when Luke's hand gets cut off,?the same one I didn't have.?But then, being twice as stunned?when the medical robots fitted him with a prosthesisthat could move and feel.?From then on, no greater purpose lived in my mind,?which was to have a prosthesis like Luke Skywalker.

全世界七分之一的人患有某種殘疾。?在過去的 30 年里，出生時(shí)沒有右手定義了我是誰。?我很幸運(yùn)地在秘魯庫斯科的印加人神圣的山谷中長大，周圍的人看到我騎自行車或打籃球并不感到驚訝。當(dāng)我七歲的時(shí)候，我記得我在看《星球大戰(zhàn)：帝國反擊戰(zhàn)》后驚呆了，當(dāng)時(shí)盧克的手被砍掉了，那只我沒有。但是，當(dāng)醫(yī)療機(jī)器人為他安裝一個(gè)可以移動(dòng)和感覺的假肢時(shí)，他驚呆了兩倍。從那時(shí)起，我心中不再有更大的目標(biāo)，?那就是有一個(gè)像盧克天行者這樣的假肢。

This dream led me to study mechatronics engineering?and access the Biomechanics and Applied Robotics Laboratory?in Pontifical Catholic University of Peru,?where, with a multidisciplinary team,?we developed a myoelectric prosthesis for a long transradial amputation,?being me, the pilot user.?I was able to move each finger individually.?And also we developed a way in which we get to pass the sensation?from the fingertips into my forearm using haptic feedback system.

這個(gè)夢想讓我學(xué)習(xí)了機(jī)電一體化工程，并進(jìn)入了?秘魯天主教大學(xué)的生物力學(xué)和應(yīng)用機(jī)器人實(shí)驗(yàn)室，?在那里，我們與一個(gè)多學(xué)科團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，開發(fā)了一種用于長時(shí)間經(jīng)橈骨截肢的肌電假體，我是試點(diǎn)用戶。我能夠單獨(dú)移動(dòng)每個(gè)手指。我們還開發(fā)了一種方法，使用觸覺反饋系統(tǒng)將指尖的感覺傳遞到我的前臂。

Since this was a research project,?we had enough funding to buy stuff from abroad.?So, for example, the motors you get to see here,?were all brought [from] Switzerland.?This is one of the main reasons why it will cost at least 40,000 dollars?to make this prosthesis.?But 40K is way too much,?considering that four out of five people with upper limb amputation?live in developing countries.?Even the 25,000 dollars that cost a robotic prosthesis imported from abroad?is way too much.?In Peru, that is equivalent to work full time?on a minimum wage for almost seven years,?just to buy the prostheses.?Never mind pay for your food or your house.?It is often that people get injured while doing manual labor activities?like farming or metal manufacturing.?Getting back to work and having access to money demands a functional hand.

由于這是一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目，?我們有足夠的資金從國外購買東西。?因此，例如，您在這里看到的電機(jī)?都是[從]瑞士帶來的。?這也是制作這個(gè)假肢至少要花費(fèi) 40,000 美元的主要原因之一。?但是考慮到五分之四的上肢截肢患者生活在發(fā)展中國家，40K 實(shí)在是太多了。即使是從國外進(jìn)口的機(jī)器人假肢的 25,000 美元也太貴了。在秘魯，這相當(dāng)于以最低工資全職工作近七年，只為購買假肢。別介意為你的食物或房子付錢。?人們經(jīng)常在從事?農(nóng)業(yè)或金屬制造等體力勞動(dòng)活動(dòng)時(shí)受傷。?重返工作崗位并獲得資金需要一只實(shí)用的手。

It took me time to realize what a huge privilege I had?to study a career that would help fulfill my dreams.?But actually,?what was preventing me from developing a solution?that was both affordable and functional.?The very first step in order to reducing the cost?was to reduce the number of motors?because they were all imported and therefore expensive.?So we get to arrange occupational focus groups?with our amputee volunteers?in order to identify which gestures they will use the most, and of those,how many we could perform using just a single motor.?The answer was three:?pinch,?cylindrical?and lateral.?This also helps us to reduce the number of electromyography sensors, too,?from an arrangement of eight, we passed just to one.?In this way, between makes in mechanical and myoelectric prosthesis,?the prices will be dramatically low.

我花了一些時(shí)間才意識到我必須?學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)我夢想的職業(yè)是多么巨大的特權(quán)。?但實(shí)際上，?是什么阻止了我開發(fā)?既實(shí)惠又實(shí)用的解決方案。?降低成本的第一步?是減少電機(jī)的數(shù)量，?因?yàn)樗鼈兌际沁M(jìn)口的，因此價(jià)格昂貴。?因此，我們可以與截肢志愿者安排職業(yè)焦點(diǎn)小組，?以確定他們最常使用哪些手勢，以及我們僅使用一個(gè)電機(jī)可以執(zhí)行多少個(gè)手勢。答案是三個(gè)：捏，圓柱形和橫向。?這也有助于我們減少肌電圖傳感器的數(shù)量，?從八個(gè)排列，我們只傳遞到一個(gè)。?這樣，在機(jī)械假體和肌電假體之間，?價(jià)格將大大降低。

But material prices matter to.?And that's why we choose to 3D print our prosthesis?using mainly plastic from recycled bottles.Like the prosthesis I am wearing right now.

但材料價(jià)格很重要。?這就是為什么我們選擇?主要使用回收瓶中的塑料來 3D 打印我們的假肢。?就像我現(xiàn)在戴的假肢一樣。

In order to develop our prosthesis,?the process will go like this.First, we'll use our 3D scan?and our own parametrization software?in order to take the measures of the amputated areaand the other hand of the user.?Then we'll recreate the entire set of fingers,?the palm and the prosthesis socket in our computational model?to finally 3D print each of those parts.?So far in LAT Bionics,?we have two types of prosthesis.?Maki, which is a mechanical activation?and Pisko, with electronic activation.Pisko cost just 10 percent of an imported robotic prosthesis?that will come from abroad.?This means that even more working-class people can access our technology.?For me, this has been a path where I was able to develop this?in my company LAT Bionics.?So, for example, take Franco,?[who] now is using his transradial Maki prostheses?in order to get back to work with his providers?on the jungle farm he has.

為了開發(fā)我們的假肢，?過程將是這樣的。?首先，我們將使用我們的 3D 掃描?和我們自己的參數(shù)化軟件?來測量截肢區(qū)域?和用戶的另一只手。?然后我們將在我們的計(jì)算模型中重新創(chuàng)建整套手指、?手掌和假肢窩，?最終對這些部分進(jìn)行 3D 打印。?到目前為止，在 LAT Bionics 中，?我們有兩種類型的假體。?Maki，這是一種機(jī)械激活?和 Pisko，具有電子激活。?Pisko 的成本僅為?來自國外的進(jìn)口機(jī)器人假肢的 10%。?這意味著更多的工人階級可以使用我們的技術(shù)。?對我來說，這是我能夠?在我的公司 LAT Bionics 中開發(fā)它的途徑。?因此，以 Franco 為例，?他現(xiàn)在正在使用他的經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈 Maki 假肢?，以便在?他擁有的叢林農(nóng)場與他的提供者一起工作。

I am certain that we are able to be on the side?with technology that is brought from abroad to our region?being sold in a very expensive way.?We have the capacity to develop our own technology,?having the necessities of our people in mind.?So then people with disabilities and limited resources?could live a life again.?For me, when people, our users, get back to work on their places,?that look of compassion changed to astonishment.?The same astonishment which I had when I saw Luke Skywalker prosthesis.

我確信我們能夠站在以?非常昂貴的方式從國外帶到我們地區(qū)的技術(shù)的一邊。?我們有能力開發(fā)我們自己的技術(shù)，同時(shí)考慮到我們?nèi)嗣竦男枨蟆?/span>因此，殘疾人和資源有限的人可以重新過上生活。對我來說，當(dāng)人們，我們的用戶，回到他們的地方工作時(shí)，那種同情的表情變成了驚訝。當(dāng)我看到盧克天行者假肢時(shí)，我同樣感到驚訝。

So this began as a path for myself,?but it now belongs to my entire region.?Would you like to join us?

所以這開始是我自己的一條道路，?但它現(xiàn)在屬于我的整個(gè)地區(qū)。?你想加入我們嗎？