When you prepare a speech, you should remember?that there is no way to satisfy the needs of all the listeners. Audiences, large or small, are complex and have different requirements when receiving and digesting information,?which needs to be considered?at the planning stage?of your presentation.

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Adapting?your speech based on your audiences size should be one of the first things for you to do. Large audiences often have little or no audience participation (參與)，so you need to?ensure?that your speech is long enough to fill the time required. It's also much harder to get the attention of a larger group of people so your tone and body language is more important than ever and maintaining eye contact with as many individuals around the room is necessary to keep them interested.?For smaller audiences, they?are?more relaxed and often have more opportunities to take part in a conversation. This means you'll need to have time for opportunities or comments throughout the speech.

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The second difficulty to experience in making a speech?in that?you naturally have lots of different types of?people?in the room?（that learn and take in information in many different ways）.

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Generally speaking, there are 4 different ways in which people learn?: watching, listening, reading,and writing.?By including elements of catch learning style, your speech will?engage?more of your audience.

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Another way in which you'll need to adapt your speech is whether you are talking to other experts?in the same field, or to beginners or an?audience with?limited/restricted?knowledge?about/on?the topic.

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The most effective way to do this is to?create the version(版本) of your speech?(that have quite different content). Otherwise, both experts and beginners may lose interest.

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No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content, you may find yourself in a situation?where you are losing audience engagement during your speech. It's necessary that you read and act on such signals.

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16. What should you consider when you plan your presentation?

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A.The size of the audience.

B.The way of making a speech.

C.The body language you will use.

D.The audiences' different requirements about information.

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17. Which of the following should you?NOT?do?when giving a speech?to a?large audience?

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A. Prepare a speech long enough.

B. Pay attention to your tone and body language.

C. Ask the audience as many questions as possible.

D. Try to maintain?eye contact with as many people as possible.

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18. What should you do to enable/ensure?a small audience to participate in a speech?

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A.Use your body language.

B.Make the speech more formal.

C.Maintain eye contact with them.

D. Give them time to ask questions or make comments.

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19.?What should?you do when you find the?listeners are no longer interested?in the speech?

A.End the speech.

B.Adapt the speech.

C.Continue the speech.

D.Ignore audiences response.

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20. What's the main idea of the passage?

A.?A good speaker should adapt to different audiences.

B. A good speaker can satisfy the needs of all the audiences.

C.A good speaker can always get the attention of audiences.

D. A good speaker should prepare the same information for all kinds of audiences.