原文由美國(guó)國(guó)家空間學(xué)會(huì)（NSS）于2019年出品。?

MILESTONE 1.

Dramatically Lower Launch Costs to Orbit - continued

大幅度降低進(jìn)入軌道的發(fā)射成本--持續(xù)性工作

Other Commercial Space Applications.?

其他商業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用。

Other potential commercial space applications may lead to increased launch rates and decreased costs.?

通過潛在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用和開發(fā)，能使發(fā)射率得以提高，并降低降低發(fā)射成本。

Examples include robust communication satellite architectures, low-Earth orbit (LEO) data switching and storage networks, orbital servicing infrastructures, and robust global surveillance constellations.

這方面的例子包括健全的通信衛(wèi)星架構(gòu)，低地球軌道（LEO）數(shù)據(jù)交換和存儲(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，軌道服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以及健全的全球監(jiān)視星座。

Governmental Policies.?

政府政策

Whether or not governments believe in or are willing to wait for private enterprise to lead the way, they may commit to the building of large space outposts in Earth orbit, on the Moon, or elsewhere, which will require many launches over a sustained period sufficient to reduce the per-launch cost to financially practicable levels.?

無論政府是否相信或愿意等待私營(yíng)企業(yè)能夠去做先驅(qū)者，他們都可能致力于在地球軌道、月球或其他宇宙空間建立大型太空前哨站。

因此，他們需要在某個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)期內(nèi)進(jìn)行多次發(fā)射，足以將每次發(fā)射的成本降低到財(cái)務(wù)上的合理水平。

Such governmental initiatives may be created by a desire for national prestige (to keep up or exceed the space initiatives of other countries), a concern for protection from asteroids and comets, the need for a space-based solar power system to transmit power to Earth, or government?uses of space for security, environmental surveillance, improved communications, or other uses.?

這類政府舉措可能是出于對(duì)國(guó)家地位的渴望（跟上或超過其他國(guó)家的空間舉措），對(duì)防止小行星和彗星的關(guān)注，對(duì)從太空太陽能系統(tǒng)向地球傳輸電力的需要，或讓太空資源成為安全、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、改善通信或其他用途的好幫手。

Such initiatives should increase launch rates and reduce unit costs. To be effective, the policies should use launch costs as one of the primary criteria for selecting a launcher and not unfairly penalize or impede the use of reusable vehicles.

這些舉措應(yīng)注重提高發(fā)射率并降低單位成本上。為取得成效，這些政策應(yīng)將發(fā)射成本作為選擇發(fā)射器的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，而不是不公平地懲罰或阻礙可重復(fù)使用的飛行器的使用。

BARRIERS

障礙

1- Continued government reliance on and support for expendable launch systems and in-space vehicles.

1 -政府繼續(xù)依賴和支持消耗性發(fā)射系統(tǒng)和空間飛行器。

2 -Bias toward pro-expendable policies by government employees, private contractors, and venture capitalists resulting in a reluctance to work openly and aggressivelyon other technologies.

2 -政府雇員、私人承包商和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本家偏向于支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的政策，導(dǎo)致他們不愿意公開和積極地致力于其他技術(shù)。

COMPLETION

完成

This milestone will be achieved when launch prices to low- Earth orbit are no longer a major barrier to space operations.?

This will occur when prices drop by a factor of ten or more below the average 2017 global price of about $5,000 perkilogram.

當(dāng)向低地球軌道的發(fā)射價(jià)格不再是太空作業(yè)的主要障礙時(shí)，這一里程碑將得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

當(dāng)價(jià)格比2017年全球平均價(jià)格每公斤約5,000美元下降10倍或更多時(shí)，第一個(gè)里程碑，就將發(fā)生。（500美元）

相關(guān)科幻寫作靈感的示范，具體可查閱以下視頻：

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