?《經典梵語教學120課》第3課 梵英對照（不含獨白），歡迎指正

Lesson 3

??? ???? ?Namo namaha

Greetings.?

?????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????

Samskruta bhaashaa shikshane bhavathaam sarveshaam swaagatham.

Welcome to all of you to Sanskrit learning.

?????????, ?????? ? ???????? ?? ???:

Aagachchathu, samskrutha abhyaasam kurmaha

Come, [let's] do Sanskrit practise/exercise.

?? ??? ???????? ???: ??? ?????

Mama naama shaantalaa.?

My name is Shaantalaa.?

?? ??? ????????: ?

Mama naama venkateshaha |

My name is Venkatesh.

……

??????: ??? ????? Bhavathyaaha naama Kim??

What is your name? (female)

?? ??? ??????: Mama naama Akshitaha |?

My name is?Akshitaa.

……

???????? samichinam. Good.

……

??????????, ??????? ? uththishtathu, aagachchathu. Get up, come?[here].

?????? gachchathu Go

?????: ?????? rohithaha gachchathi Rohit goes

?????: ???? ?????? Rohithaha kim karothi? What does Rohit?do?

?????: ??????? rohithaha gachchathi Rohit goes

???????. Aagachchathu come

?????: ???? ?????? Rohithaha kim karothi? What does Rohit?do?

?????: ???????? Rohithaha aagachchathi | Rohit comes. [is coming]

……

???????? upavishathu | sit

??????: ??????? ? Abhiraamaha upavishathi | Abhiraama sits.?

??????????? ? uththishtathu | Get up!

??????: ???? ?????? Abhiraamaha kim karothi? What does Abhiraama do?

??????: ??????????? ? Abhiraamaha uththishtathi | Abhiraama stands/gets up.

……

????? ? pibathu | Drink

?????? ???? ?????? Sunithaa kim karothi? What does Sunitha do?

???????? ??? ? Sunithaa pibathi | Sunitha drinks.

……

????? ? kaadhathu | Eat.

??????? ?????????? ? ???Sa??a kaadhathi | She eats.

?? ????? ?

??????: ???? ?????? Shruthihi kim karothi? What does Shruthi do?

??????: ????? ? Shruthihi kaadhathi | Shruthi eats.

……

?????? ???? ? snehaa patathu | Sneha, read!

?????? ???? ?????? Snehaa kim karothi? What does Sneha do?

……

????? ? likhathu | Write!

?????? ???? ?????? Akshathaa kim karothi? What does Akshathaa do?

???????? ??? ? Akshathaa likhathi | Akshathaa writes.

……

???????, ????!? Ashwini, hasathu | Ashwini, smile/laugh !

??????? ???? ?????? Ashwini kim karothi? What does Ashwini do?

??????? ???? ? Ashwini hasathi | Ashwini laughs.

??????:, ????! Abhishekaha, hasathu | Abhishek, laugh!

??????: ???? ?????? What does Abhishek do?

??????: ???? ? Abhishek laughs.

……

?????? ? pashyathu | Look!

????????: ???? ?????? Venkateshaha kim karothi?

……

????????? ????! ??????? ????? ???? ???????

priyankaa vadhathu | Krishna phalakam tatra asthi |

Priyanka, say "The?blackboard is over there."

????????? ??? ? ?????? Priyanka kim karothi??

What does Priyanka do?

????????? ???? ? Priyanka vadhathi | Priyanka says/talks.

……….

????????: ???????! Anatharaamaha, kreedathu | Anantharama, play!

????????: ??? ? ?????? Anantharaamaha kim karothi? What does Anantharaama do?

????????: ??????? ? anantharaamaha kreedathi | Anantharama plays.

……….

?: ???? ? saha patathi | He reads. (For a person who is farther away)

??: ????? ? eshaha khaadhathi | He eats. (Person nearby)

???? ?? ? ? saa likhathi |?She writes.

??? ???? ? eshaa vadhathi | She speaks.

……….

????? ?????????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??

bhavaan uththishtathi | bhavaan upavishathi |?

You stand, you sit. (Male, respectful)

???? ???? ? bhavathii patathi | You read.

?????? ?? ? ? bhavathii likhathi | You write.

??????? ?? ? ? bhavaan pibhathi | You drink.

???? ???? ? bhavathii hasathi | You laugh.

……….

??? ? ??????? ? aham gachchaami | I go.

??? ? ???????? ? aham aagachchaami | I come.

??? ? ???????? ? aham upavishaami | I sit.

??? ? ??????????? ? aham uththishtaami | I stand.

??? ? ?????? ? aham pibaami | I drink.

??? ? ?????? ? aham kaadhaami | I eat.

??? ? ???????? ? aham kreedaami | I play.

??? ? ????? ? aham hasaami | I laugh.

??? ? ????? ? aham pataami | I read.

??? ? ?????? ? aham likhaami | I write.

……….

???? ???? ? bhavathii patathi | You read. (Female)

?????? ?? ? ? bhavathii likhathi | You write.

???? ?????? ? bhavathii pashyathu | You look!

??????? ????? ????! Idhaaneem bhavaan vadhathu |?Now, you?say! (male)

??? ? ???? ?????? Aham kim karomi? What do I do?

???? ??????? bhavathii gachchathi | You go.

???? ??????? ? bhavathii aagachchathi | You come.

???? ??????? ? bhavathii upavishathi | You sit.

???? ? ??? ? ??? ? ? ? bhavathii uththishtathi | You stand.

???? ???? ? bhavathii vadhathi | You say.

……

????? ???? ?????? bhavaan kim karothi? What do you do??(Male)

……

??? ? ??????? ?

??? ? ??????? ? aham pashyaami | I look.

????? ? dadaathu | Give.

????????? ? sveekarothu | Accept/ have.

???? ? Nayathu | Obtain.

??????, ?????? ? Maasthu, maasthu | Enough.

……….

???? ??? ????????? ? ? krupayaa uththishtathu | Please get up.

???? ??????? ? atra aagachchathu | Come here.

?????? ? ? upavishathu | Sit.

............

???????????? ???? ??????: ????????: ? ? ? ??????? ???? ?????: ?

sanskrutena katham sankhyaa ukthavyaahaa ithi idhaaneem vayam jaaneemaha |?

Let us now learn how to?tell numbers/count in Sanskrit.

??? ekam One

????. Dve Two

?????? threeNi Three

??????? chathvaari Four

??? pancha Five

??? Shut Six

???? sapta Seven

???? ashTa Eight

?? nava Nine

?? dasha Ten

……..

??? ? ??? ????? ? ?????: ???? ?????? ?

Aham ekam vaddaami. Bhavanthaha dve vadhanthu |

I?shall say one, you say two.

??? ekam One

????. Dve Two

?????? threeNi Three

??????? chathvaari Four

??? pancha Five

??? Shut Six

???? sapta Seven

???? ashTa Eight

?? nava Nine

?? dasha Ten

……….

????? ekaadasha Eleven

?????? dvaadasha Twelve

……..

?? dasha Ten

????? ???: dvimshathi Twenty

??????? ? thrimshath Thirty

?????????? ? chathvaarimshath Forty

??????? panchaashath Fifty

? ??? ? : shashTihi Sixty

??????: sapthathihi Seventy

?????: asheethihi Eighty

????: navathihi Ninety

????: navathihi Ninety

??? shatham Hundred

……

???????????? ??? ???: ???????: ? ? ? ?????? ??? ?????: ??

sanskrutena katham samayaha ukhthavyaha ithi idhaaneem vayam jaaneemaha.?

Let us now learn how to tell time in Sanskrit.

?: ???: kaha samayaha? what is the time?

???? ????? pancha vaadhanam | 5'o clock

??? ?????? shut vaadhanam | 6'o clock.

….

????? ????? ekaadasha vaadhanam | 11'o clock

???? ???? ????? sapaadha ekadasha vaadhanam | 11.15

????? ???? ????? saardha Saptha vaadhanam | 7.30

????? (??? + ??) ???? ??????

paadona (paada + oona) ekadasha vaadhanam |

10.45 (15 minutes to eleven)

……

?????, ????????? ? ? vathsaa, uththishtathu | Dear, get up!

?: ???: ? kaha samayaha? What's the time?

????? ??? ????? ? saardha shut vaadhanam | [it's] 6.30

……

?????????????????? ????? ????????? ?????: ??

priya vaakhya pradhaanena sarve thushyanthi janthavaha |?

By sweet words, all creatures are gladdened.

??????? ???? ????????? ??? ? ?? ???????? ??

thasmaath thadheva vakthavyam vachane kaa dharidhrathaa ||?

Therefore, speak only those; why make [sweet] those words scarce?

……..

???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????: ???? ??:?? ??? ? ????? ??

vayam idhaaneem yath subhaashitham shruthavanthaha thasya arthaha evam asthi.?

The meaning of the 'subhaashitham' we listened to now, is this.

??? ???????? ? ??????? ????: ????? ???: ??? ?????????: ?????? ??

Yadhi vayam priya vaakhyam vadhaamaha sarve janaaha api santhushtaahaa bhavanthi |?

If we speak kind words, all people will be happy.

? ?? ???? ???: ??? ?? ????? ???????: ??? ?????????: ?????? ??

na kevalam janaaha api thu sarve praaNinaha api santhushtaahaa bhavanthi |?

Not just people, but all creatures too will be glad.

??????: ? ???????? ????: ??

athaha priya vaakhyam eva vadhaamaha |?

Therefore, speak only loving/sweet words.

???? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ?? ? ?????? ?

priya vaakhyam vakhthum dhanam dhaathuvyam kimapi naasthi |?

By speaking kind words, one does not lose even a bit of one's wealth or property.

???? ? ????? ??? ? ??????????? ?? ?:??

priya vaakhya kathane dhaaridhriyam kuthaha??

To speak kind words, why show poverty/miserliness (i.e. why hesitate) ?

……..

??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ??

Aham idhaaneem ekaam lago kathaam vadhaami |?

Now I shall tell you a short story.

???? ???? ??: ????? ? ??? ? ?: ????? ? ?: ????? ?????????? ???????: ?????

? Kaashi nagare ekaha mahaan pandithaha aaseeth |?

saha bahushu shaasthreshu paarangathaha aaseeth |?

In the city of Kashi, there lived a learned man. He was proficient inmany ‘shaasthraas.’

???? ????? ??? ??????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??

thasya sameepe bahu chaathraaha adhyayanam kurvathi sma |?

Many students were tutoring under him.

???? ??????: ??????? ??????? ????? ??: ??? ????: ??????: ????????? ??? ?

thasya khyaathihi sarvathra prasruthaa aaseeth athaha dhoora dhoorathaha chaathraahaa aagachchanthi sma |

His fame extended everywhere; hence, even from far away places students came to him.

???? ??????? ???: ???? ????? ??????? ?

ekadha kashchana shishyaha thasya sameepam aagathavaan |?

Once some student came to him.

?: ????: ??????? ? ?? ???? ?: ????????? “??: ??? ? ???: ????? ??????? ???????

??????? ? ??: ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????" ?

saha guroho namaskaaram kruthvaa saha prushtavaan, “bhoho aham bhavathaha sameepe adhyayanam karthum ichchaami | athaha krupayaa maam shishyasvena sveekarothu” |

He humbly bowed before the teacher and asked “Venerable?one, I want to learn under you. Hence, please accept me as?your disciple.”

? ? ? ?: ???????? ? ithi saha ukhthavaan | In this manner, he spoke.

?????? ????: ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ????????? ????

Kinthu guruhu sarveshaam chaathraaNam budhdhi pareekshaam kruthavaa eva sthaan sveekarothi sma.

But, the guru accepted all his students only after testing them for intelligence/wisdom.

??: ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?: ??? ? ???????? ??

??: ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?: ??? ? ???????? ????????? ??

athaha ethasya api budhdhi pareekshaam karthum saha ekam prashnam prushtavaan |?

He, wanting to test this boy’s wisdom too, asked him a question.

“?? ?????, ???: ????? ????? ?” ????????? ??

“bho vathsa, devaha kuthra asthi?,” prushtavaan |?

“O [my] dear, where is God?,” he asked.

????? ???: ??????? ? “???? ? ???: ?? ??? ?????? ? ?: ?????????? ????? ?” ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?

thadhaa shishyaha ukhthavaan, “bhagawan, devaha kutra nassthi? saha sarva vyaapee asthi” | ithi prashna roopeNa ev guru prushtavaan |?

Then the student said, “Venerable sir, where is God not present? He is omnipresent.” In this

manner, he answered the guru with a question.

????? ??????? ?????? ????: ????????? ????????: ???: ? ?: ?????? ????? ?????????? ??

ethasya uththaram shruthvaa guru athyantha santhusta jaathaha | saha harsheNa tham aalingithavaan |

On hearing his reply, the guru became very happy. He delightedly embraced the boy.

??? ??????? ? ??? | tham ukhthavaan api | He also said:

“?? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????: ????? ? ??????? ??? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????, ???: ?????????? ????? ?

“bho vathsaa, bhavaan budhdhimaan baalakaha asthi |

bhavantham aham shishyasvena nischayena sveekarothi |

sathyam, devaha sarvavyaapee asthi |

O dear, you are an intelligent boy. I shall certainly accept you as my disciple. True, God is omnipresent.

?????????? ????? ?” ??? ??? ???????,? ?????????? ??????? ???? ? ?

sarvathraapi asthi |” ithi tham ukhthavaan, shishyasvena angeekruthavaan |

He is everywhere. “ This he said and took the student under his tutelage.

??? ? ???: ???: ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???? ? ? ????: ???????? ?? ????????

evam saha shishyaha thathreva ushithvaa vidhyaabhyaasam kruthavaan | guroho aasheervaadham kruthavaan |

Then, that shishyaa residing right there began his studies.

The teacher blessed him.

?????: ????? ?????????: ?????

bhavathaha kathaam gnyaathavanthaha kilaa?

Did you understand the story?

??? ? Aam | Yes!