passage4

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

? ? ? ? ?When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group-theNational Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near final draft of their recommendations.

? ? ? ? ?NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90 day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

? ? ? ? ? ?In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning."Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.

? ? ? ? NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

? ? ? ? ?NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still"up in the air".

? ? ??

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

? ? ? 這是一篇涉及生物克隆問(wèn)題的文章。主要介紹了蘇格蘭成功地克隆了羊以后，美國(guó)政府的反應(yīng)——成立了專家小組進(jìn)行研究并就該問(wèn)題向總統(tǒng)提出建議。結(jié)構(gòu)上是總一分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段總說(shuō)，后面詳細(xì)交待兩個(gè)建議和一個(gè)呼吁。

? ? ? ? 第一段：主要交待事件的背景?？肆诸D政府對(duì)克隆羊消息的反應(yīng)迅速?gòu)?qiáng)烈，成立了獨(dú)立專家小組（NBAC），針對(duì)克隆人研究方面的國(guó)家政策提出建議。

? ? ? ? 第二段至第三段：指出專家組的第一個(gè)建議及原因——無(wú)限期延長(zhǎng)聯(lián)邦資金用于克隆人的禁令，因?yàn)閷＜医M已取得廣泛的共識(shí)，即認(rèn)為克隆人是違背道德倫理的。但同時(shí)他們會(huì)避免給克隆人體DNA或細(xì)胞等研究帶來(lái)更多的限制，而且就私人資金用于克隆人的行為是否違法還無(wú)一致意見(jiàn)。

? ? ? ? 第四段：專家小組可能向政府提出的另一項(xiàng)建議——禁止政府資助任何克隆人的研究。

? ? ? ? 第五段：專家小組呼吁禁止私人資助的研究者和診所進(jìn)行克隆人研究。

23. We can learn from the first paragraph that.

[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans

[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning

[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique

[D] the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning

23.從第一段我們可以知道

[A]聯(lián)邦基金已被用于一個(gè)克隆人的項(xiàng)目中

[B]白宮對(duì)這一克隆方面的消息反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈

[C]NBAC被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用

[D]白宮已經(jīng)得到專家組有關(guān)克隆問(wèn)題的建議

24. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.

[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law

[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control

[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning

[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being

24.專家組能達(dá)成以下所有協(xié)議，除了。

[A]聯(lián)邦基金不得用于克隆人的禁令應(yīng)該被制定成法律

[B]克隆人體DNA不會(huì)受到更多的限制

[C]使用私人基金克隆人是犯罪行為

[D]克隆人將違背道德價(jià)值觀

25. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because.

[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning

[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research

[C] an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research

[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law

25.NBAC將不討論胚胎研究問(wèn)題是因?yàn)椤?/span>

[A]胚胎研究只是克隆當(dāng)前的發(fā)展階段

[B]嬰兒的健康狀況不是胚胎研究主要關(guān)心的問(wèn)題

[C]胚胎的生命在胚胎研究中不會(huì)受到威脅

[D]這個(gè)問(wèn)題在法律中已經(jīng)得到了明確的陳述和規(guī)定

26. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.

[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely

[B]a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time

[C]privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal

[D]the issue of human cloning will soon be settled

26.從最后一段可以推知。

[A]某些NBAC成員對(duì)完全禁止克隆人表示猶豫不決

[B]禁止克隆人的一項(xiàng)法律將很快被通過(guò)

[C]私人資助的研究人員將會(huì)積極響應(yīng)NBAC的呼吁

[D]克隆人的問(wèn)題將很快得到解決

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

①appeal?

n.1.[C]熱切或急切的要求，請(qǐng)求，懇求（為得到金錢、幫助等，尤其是為了救人于危

急之中）；呼吁（后跟介詞for）

例：make/launch an appeal for the famine victims發(fā)出了援助饑民的呼吁

2.[U]a quality or power of attracting or of arousing interest感染力，吸引力

例：a city with appeal for tourists對(duì)游客有吸引力的城市

3.[C，U]上訴，申訴

例：an appeal to the European court of Human Rights 向歐洲人權(quán)法庭提出的上訴

vi.

*1.（熱切或急迫地）懇請(qǐng)，懇求（得到幫助，錢，信息等）；呼吁（用appeal? to sb for/to do sth）例：The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公眾提供有關(guān)這宗罪案的信息。

2.吸引（某人）（后跟介詞to）

例：Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you？你對(duì)出國(guó)工作的主意感興趣嗎？

vt.&vi.（提出）上訴/申訴

②chair n.

1.[C]椅子

2.[用單數(shù)]（主持會(huì)議或委員會(huì)的）主席（席位），委員長(zhǎng)（職位）

例：She takes the chair in all our meetings.她主持我們所有的會(huì)議。

3.[C]（大學(xué)的）系主任

③consensus?

n.[C，U]共同意見(jiàn)，一致看法，共識(shí)

例：reach a consensus達(dá)成共識(shí)；詞根 sens“感覺(jué)”，如：sense n.感官，知覺(jué)，意義，判斷力；con前綴，表示“共同”，如：concentric a.同中心的，confederate a.結(jié)盟的，同盟的v.結(jié)盟，聯(lián)合n.同盟者，同盟國(guó)

④impose?

vt.

1.實(shí)施（禁令），征收（稅款、罰款），推行（法令）等

例：The government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory.政府禁止買賣象牙。

2.to force sb/sth to deal with sth unpleasant or difficult迫使，把……強(qiáng)加于

例：The system imposes additional financial burdens on many people.這個(gè)制度給很多人增加了額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。

3.迫使（別人）接受自己的想法、信仰等

⑤nuclei n.（nucleus的復(fù)數(shù)）

1.（原子）核

2.細(xì)胞核

3.a small，important group at the centre of a larger group or organization核心，中心

例：the nucleus of an effective team高效團(tuán)隊(duì)的核心；其他一些外來(lái)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：um/on→a，如：datum（數(shù)據(jù)，資料）→data，medium（媒介，媒體）→media，bacterium（細(xì)菌）→bacteria，curriculum（課程，大綱）→curricula，criterion（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）→criteria，phenomenon（現(xiàn)象）→phenomena；is→es，如：analysis（分析）→analyses，basis（基礎(chǔ)，基本）→bases，crisis（危機(jī)）→crises，diagnosis（診斷）→diagnoses

⑥panel

n.[C]

1.（門(mén)、墻、柵欄等的）鑲板，嵌板；窗玻璃片

*2.（由選定人員組成的）專門(mén)小組，專題討論小組例：a panel of experts專家小組

3.（汽車、飛機(jī)、船等的）儀表盤(pán)/控制板?

⑦.preface?

n.[C]*an introduction at the beginning of a book or speech（書(shū)的）序言，前言；（演講的）開(kāi)場(chǎng)白

vt.

1.為…寫(xiě)序言（用~sth with sth）

2.作為…的開(kāi)端，作為…的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白

例：She prefaced her talk with an apology/by apologizing for being late.她先為遲到表示歉意，然后開(kāi)始講話。

⑧.stem?

n.[C]1.（植物的）莖；梗

2.（葡萄酒杯、花瓶等的）頸，柄，腳

3.詞干（如driving和driven中的driv）

vt.阻止（液體的流動(dòng)），堵住，封堵，遏制

例：stem the tide/flow of阻止……的擴(kuò)散，遏制……的發(fā)展

[短語(yǔ)搭配]*stem from sth[不用進(jìn)行式] to develop as a result of sth else 源于…，來(lái)自…；.由……發(fā)生

例：Most of the difficulties stemmed from poor workmanship.困難大多是由于工藝差造成的。

超綱詞匯：

embryo n.胚胎；

husbandry n.農(nóng)牧業(yè)

三、閱讀答案：B C D A

四、全文翻譯：

? ? ???三個(gè)月前，當(dāng)一個(gè)蘇格蘭研究小組宣布他們克隆了一只成年綿羊時(shí)，世界為之震驚，克林頓總統(tǒng)迅速做出反應(yīng)。他宣稱反對(duì)利用這種非同尋常的畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)去克隆人，并下令禁止聯(lián)邦資金用于此類實(shí)驗(yàn)——盡管還沒(méi)有人提議要那樣做——并要求一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅德·夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立專家小組，在九十天內(nèi)拿出有關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策的建議，向白宮匯報(bào)。（長(zhǎng)難句①）這個(gè)名為“全國(guó)生物倫理道德顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)”（NBAC）的小組一直在非常積極地工作，集思廣益，并訴諸筆端；在5月17日的一次會(huì)議上，委員們就接近定稿的意見(jiàn)書(shū)取得了一致意見(jiàn)。

? ? ??NBAC將要求克林頓總統(tǒng)禁止聯(lián)邦資金用于克隆人的九十天禁令無(wú)限期地延長(zhǎng)，并且還可能要求將之立法。（長(zhǎng)難句②）但是，NBAC成員們正計(jì)劃在建議的措辭上更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，以避免給克隆人體DNA或細(xì)胞等研究帶來(lái)更多的限制——（這屬于）分子生物研究中的常規(guī)課題。然而，該小組尚未在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上達(dá)成一致，即是否建議立法機(jī)關(guān)將私人資金用于克隆人的行為法定為犯罪。（長(zhǎng)難句③）

? ? ?在5月17日會(huì)議上討論的建議序言草案中，夏皮羅表示，專家組已取得廣泛的共識(shí)，認(rèn)為“試圖利用成人細(xì)胞核去克隆嬰兒將是違背道德倫理的”。（長(zhǎng)難句④）夏皮羅解釋說(shuō)在與會(huì)期間，道德上的懷疑主要源于對(duì)嬰兒健康的擔(dān)憂。隨后，該小組非正式地接受了幾項(xiàng)概括性的結(jié)論，盡管有些細(xì)節(jié)尚無(wú)定論。

? ??NBAC計(jì)劃呼吁繼續(xù)禁止為任何企圖利用人體細(xì)胞核去制造嬰孩的做法提供聯(lián)邦政府基金資助。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)行的聯(lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止聯(lián)邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎（人類后代出生前的最早階段）或有意識(shí)地危及胚胎的生命，所以NBAC在胚胎研究這一問(wèn)題上將保持沉默。

? ??NBAC的成員明確表示，他們將呼吁受私人基金資助的研究人員和診所不要嘗試通過(guò)人體細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)移來(lái)克隆人。但他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦立法強(qiáng)令完全禁止克隆人這一問(wèn)題上存在分歧。夏皮羅和大多數(shù)委員贊成將此立法，但在電話采訪中，他透露這一議題仍“懸而未決”。（佳句）

? ?