????????"appassionata" Sonata is a musical work by Beethoven in his mature period as well as one of the greatest work frequently played in concert. In Beethoven's profound, tremendous idea, his strong individuality and subjectivity, his feeling and understanding of the times thoroughly revealed through this magnificent work, thereby it emanates a kind of highly uplifting passion.

????????《熱情奏鳴曲》是貝多芬創(chuàng)作進(jìn)入成熟時(shí)期的作品，也是一首經(jīng)常在音樂會上演奏的最偉大的作品之一。貝多芬深刻而巨大的樂思里，強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)及主觀情緒，還有他對那個(gè)時(shí)代的感觸和認(rèn)識，都通過這部規(guī)模宏偉的作品表現(xiàn)出來，從而散發(fā)出高度奮發(fā)的熱情。

????????Once when his private secretary Hindler asked the content about the 17th Piano Sonata in d minor (Op31) and Sonata in f minor, Beethoven replied: "Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest", and in this way the former is known as The Tempest Sonata, the latter was given a title "appassionata" by Hamburg music publisher. Even if it is by no means be accepted by Beethoven, it did justice to this magnificent musical work.

????????有一次，他的私人秘書興德勒向他問起《d小調(diào)第十七鋼琴奏鳴曲》（作品31號）和《f小調(diào)奏鳴曲》的內(nèi)容時(shí)，貝多芬回答說：“請讀莎士比亞的《暴風(fēng)雨》。”因此，前者被稱為《暴風(fēng)雨奏鳴曲》，后者則由漢堡樂譜出版商克蘭茨加上了《熱情奏鳴曲》的標(biāo)題。這個(gè)標(biāo)題并沒有得到貝多芬的認(rèn)可，但對于這部氣勢磅礴的作品來說，那是相當(dāng)恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?br>

????????As a masterpiece among Beethoven's 32 Piano Sonatas, "appassionata" has been praised for umpteen times. French writer Roman Rolland called it "flaming torrent on the granitic track", "Menbran peak towers above the Alps". Lentz the music critic compared it with "the eruption of a volcano". The well-known Russian critic Ulyobesev called it "volcanic sonata", "a work has the advantage of being both fanatic and noble". Having once listened to the performance of the famous pianist Dobrowan in Moscow, revolutionary master Lenin said excitedly: "it is a wonderful piece, an amazing piece, an otherworldly piece. I really want to listen to it everyday. I'm proud of having it. I would even say innocently, look! There exists such a miracle in the world!"

????????作為貝多芬32首鋼琴奏鳴曲中的杰作，《熱情奏鳴曲》獲得了無數(shù)的贊譽(yù)。法國作家羅曼·羅蘭稱它是“火焰般的急流在花崗石的軌道上”，“孟布蘭峰高聳在阿爾卑斯山上”。音樂評論家蘭茲把它與“火山爆發(fā)”相比。俄羅斯著名音樂評論家烏遼貝舍夫稱它為“火山式的奏鳴曲”，“既狂熱又崇高的作品”。革命導(dǎo)師列寧有一次在莫斯科聽到著名鋼琴演奏家多勃羅文演奏的《熱情奏鳴曲》后，非常激動地說：“這是絕妙的音樂，了不起的音樂，非人間的音樂，我真想每天都聽它。我永遠(yuǎn)以擁有它而感到自豪，我甚至?xí)煺娴卣f，看！人間能創(chuàng)造出如此的奇跡來??！”

????????The well-known Russian writer Turgenev described the scene the heroine was playing "appassionata" in his novel the unfortunate like this: "I had a feeling of being stunned and chilliness from the first few bars of the presto, enthusiastic Allegro of this sonata. It carried me away with delight for an instant and gave me a feeling of sweet terror. Then beauty pierced into the heart, I kept still all along, I neither wanted nor dared breath."

????????俄羅斯著名作家屠格涅夫在他的小說《不幸者》中，描寫過女主人公演奏《熱情奏鳴曲》時(shí)的情景：“從這個(gè)奏鳴曲急速、熱情的快板一開始的幾個(gè)小節(jié)起，我就感覺到那種呆怔，那種寒意，和一瞬間抓住心靈的喜悅，使人感到甜蜜的驚恐。這時(shí)美突然浸入了內(nèi)心，我自始至終紋絲不動，我不想也不敢喘氣。”

????????By the time Beethoven was composing this sonata, he had already finished "Eroica" and was brewing the symphony "Destiny" simultaneously. At that precise moment, Napoleon's crowning shattered his hope for the future and his ear disease was getting worse and worse. The pressure of the times and his individual misfortune threw him into the depth of anguish. Just then he showed heroism, chose dauntless struggle and determined to establish a heroic memorial with musical note. It is just under the direction of this creative thought that he filled this sonata with tenacious fighting spirit and seethed it with encouraging enthusiasm.

????????貝多芬創(chuàng)作這首奏鳴曲時(shí)，已經(jīng)寫完了《英雄交響曲》正在醞釀寫作《命運(yùn)交響曲》。而就在這時(shí)候，拿破侖的加冕稱帝粉碎了他心中對理想的憧憬，同時(shí)耳聾的疾患在逐漸加重。時(shí)代的重壓與個(gè)人的不幸使貝多芬陷入深深的痛苦之中，他恰恰在這時(shí)候顯出英雄本色，選擇了無畏的斗爭，決心用音符構(gòu)筑起一座英雄的紀(jì)念碑。正是在這種創(chuàng)作思想的指導(dǎo)下，他的這首奏鳴曲中才會充滿激烈頑強(qiáng)的斗爭精神，洋溢著令人感奮的熱情。

????????"appassionata" is divided into three movements, the first of which has two themes: the first one represented the pent-up emotion of the composer and his eagerness for brightness, his strong revolt against the so-called "destiny" and challenge to the society; the second one showed the composer's yearning for happiness, in spite of the fact that after disillusionment, intense furious waves and suffering life wrestled with each other. The Soviet Union had once issued a stamp in memory of Beethoven, on which the themes of the first movement of this sonata was printed. It is introduced in the gloomy bass, the depressed tone fused with tremendous tragedy, but, nonetheless, the composer's drooping brow was soon held up by upgoing notes with which glimmers of hope was brought to people.

????????《熱情奏鳴曲》分為三個(gè)樂章。第一樂章有兩個(gè)主題：第一主題表現(xiàn)了作曲家壓抑的情緒和對光明的渴望，對所謂“命運(yùn)”的強(qiáng)烈反抗，以及對社會提出的質(zhì)疑。第二主題表現(xiàn)了作曲家對幸福生活的向往，但是理想很快破滅，熱情的怒濤和苦難的生活相互搏斗。蘇聯(lián)曾發(fā)行過一枚紀(jì)念貝多芬的郵票，上邊印的就是這首奏鳴曲第一樂章的主題。這個(gè)主題從陰沉的低聲區(qū)奏出，壓抑憂郁的音調(diào)融入巨大的悲劇色彩，但頃刻之間就由向上挺近的音符支撐起了作曲家低垂的頭顱，使人們望到了光明的曙光。

????????The second movement continues to manifest composer's deep consideration with Andante con moto. In spite of the rough experience, one's heart is still full of energy and bask in the beautiful ideal. It makes use of a simple anthemic theme, the rhythm gets more and more active after three variations, suggested a hero's will is toughen up after contemplation, overcame suffering, uneasiness and disappointment and is ready for the upcoming struggle.

????????第二樂章用稍快的行板，繼續(xù)表現(xiàn)作者深刻的思考。在苦難坎坷的生活經(jīng)歷中，人的心靈仍充滿活力，陶醉在美妙的理想境界中。這里用了淳樸的贊歌式主題，三個(gè)變奏之后，節(jié)奏逐漸活躍，暗示英雄的意志通過沉思又堅(jiān)強(qiáng)了起來，克服了痛苦、不安和失望，準(zhǔn)備迎接即將來到的戰(zhàn)斗。

????????The third movement was written in the summer of 1840. As far as Leith the student of Beethoven recalled, his teacher kept humming a tune at the time he took a walk with him one day. Leith asked him about it, Beethoven said: "this is a theme occurred to me on the last Allegro movement of a sonata." Having returned home, Beethoven was so much impatient that he made a rush for the piano to play this fresh new movement, without taking off his hat. He played more than an hour and eventually explained to Leith: "I can't give you a lesson today, I need further work." And in this way the extraordinary third movement of "appassionata" birth.

????????第三樂章是1840年夏天寫的。根據(jù)貝多芬的學(xué)生利斯回憶，有一天利斯陪同貝多芬散步，在路上他一直在哼著一個(gè)調(diào)子。利斯問他哼的是什么，貝多芬回答說：“這是我想到的一首奏鳴曲最后快板樂章的主題?！被氐郊依锖?，貝多芬連帽子也顧不得摘，就奔向鋼琴彈奏起這個(gè)嶄新的樂章，一直彈了一個(gè)多小時(shí)。最后他對利斯說：“今天我不能給你上課了，我還需要工作?！薄稛崆樽帏Q曲》具有非凡氣質(zhì)的第三樂章就是這樣誕生出來的。

????????The calling bugle swelled from the beginning of the third movement. Just like flood waters broke through a valve, the overwhelming first theme rushed forward with irresistible force. The second theme showed tenacious revolt and struggle and the tough character of a hero. Finally, the boiling music steam merged into a heroic march, encourages people to press forward and ready themselves for brightness and victory with triumphant tone. A passage has been used to summarize the spirit of this movement: "As if an aggressive wave after another was smashing the rock......"

????????第三樂章從一開始就響起了戰(zhàn)斗呼聲般的軍號聲，氣勢奔騰的第一主題猶如沖破閘門的洪水，一瀉千里，勢不可擋。第二主題表現(xiàn)出頑強(qiáng)的反抗和掙扎，顯示出英雄的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)性格。最終，沸騰的音流匯合成一支英勇的進(jìn)行曲，用歡欣鼓舞的音調(diào)激勵(lì)著人們奮勇前進(jìn)，迎接光明和勝利。有人曾用這樣一段話來概括這一樂章的音樂情緒：“猶如一陣陣進(jìn)攻著的浪潮猛擊著山巖......”

????????One day in 1807, Duke Ricinovsky invited his guest to listen to music and thus sent for his friend Beethoven. Beethoven got there in high spirits with the score of "appassionata" in his hand. As he entered the living room, he immediately turned down Duke's request when he found the Duke's guest is no other than the French officer Napoleon stationed in Vienna. Feeling himself been humiliated, the Duke screwed up his face and changed asking into demanding. Beethoven was incandescent with rage, he picked up his score and left there in disregard of the heavy rain. Returning home, he smashed the bust Duke gave him as a present before into pieces. The following day Duke received a letter from Beethoven: "Mr. Duke, it is the accidental birth that make your a Duke, but to make myself Beethoven, I am totally on my own. A Duke like you can be found both now and in the future, but Beethoven is the one and only!"

????????1807年的一天，貝多芬的朋友李希諾夫斯基公爵想請客人們聽音樂，就派人去請貝多芬。貝多芬拿著《熱情奏鳴曲》的樂譜，興致勃勃地趕過來。進(jìn)客廳一看，公爵請來的客人竟然是拿破侖派駐占領(lǐng)維也納的法國軍官，他當(dāng)即拒絕了公爵的要求。公爵覺得自己丟了面子，就板起面孔，變“邀請”為“命令”。貝多芬憤怒到了極點(diǎn)，他不顧夜里下著滂沱大雨，拿起樂譜就離開了。回到家里，他把公爵以前贈送給自己的一尊胸像摔個(gè)粉碎。第二天，公爵接到了貝多芬寫來的一封信：“公爵，您所以成為一個(gè)公爵，不過是由于偶然的出身罷了；而我所以成為貝多芬，則完全靠我自己。您這樣的公爵現(xiàn)在有的是，將來也有的是，而我貝多芬卻永遠(yuǎn)只有一個(gè)！”

????????As yet, the score of "appassionata" soaked by rain has still been kept in the library of the conservatory of Paris.

????????那份被雨水淋過的《熱情奏鳴曲》的樂譜，至今仍然保存在巴黎音樂學(xué)院的圖書館里。

????????It is inconceivable to Beethoven that years after his death, a bloodthirsty careerist posed himself as a bosom friend of Beethoven. It was October 30th, 1870, the France-Prussian War carried on fiercely, Prussian army had besieged Paris for as long as three months. The King of Prussia William set his base camp in the Palace of Versailles, the French bourgeois head Thiers came as well to negotiate the armistice, and Bismarck the so-called the iron prim minister was called upon on the behalf of Prussia to take up the matter. In the evening, Gretel the former German ambassador in Italy played "appassionata" on a broken piano for Bismarck. After hearing the last movement, he said "it is the cry of a generation." He also said: "I will never run out of my courage if I often listen to it," because "Beethoven is ideal for my nerve".

????????貝多芬肯定不會想到，在他逝世多年后，有一位嗜血成性的野心家會自詡為貝多芬的知音。那是1870年10月30日，普法戰(zhàn)爭打得十分慘烈，普魯士軍隊(duì)包圍了巴黎，已經(jīng)長達(dá)三個(gè)多月。普魯士國王威廉將大本營設(shè)在凡爾賽宮，法國資產(chǎn)階級政府首腦梯也爾前來商談停戰(zhàn)求和條件，普魯士方面出面的是有“鐵血宰相”之稱的俾斯麥。這天晚上，曾任德國駐意大利大使的格臺爾，在一家破舊不堪的鋼琴上為俾斯麥演奏了《熱情奏鳴曲》。俾斯麥聽完它的最后一個(gè)樂章說：“這是整個(gè)一代人斗爭的嚎哭?！彼€曾說過：“要是我能常聽這個(gè)曲子，我的勇氣將不會枯竭”，因?yàn)椤柏惗喾易钸m合我的神經(jīng)”。