TED演講者：Scott Fitsimones / 斯科特·菲茨西蒙斯

演講標(biāo)題：Could a DAO build the next great city? / DAO 可以創(chuàng)建下一個大都市嗎？

內(nèi)容概要：Could DAOs, or "decentralized autonomous organizations," be the key to building the next great city? Experimental urbanist Scott Fitsimones shares how these mission-driven, blockchain-governed, collectively owned organizations could increase the speed and efficiency of building cities (among many other applications) -- all while pooling decision-making power in a radically collaborative way. Hear about how he started a "crypto co-op" that bought 40 acres of land in Wyoming and learn more about the potential for DAOs to get things done in the future.

DAO，或者說 “去中心化自治組織”，會是創(chuàng)建下一個大都市的關(guān)鍵嗎？實(shí)驗(yàn)主義的城市規(guī)劃師斯科特·菲茨西蒙斯（Scott Fitsimones）分享了這些目標(biāo)驅(qū)動、區(qū)塊鏈治理、集體擁有的組織如何加快建立城市的腳步，提高效率，也提到了許多其他應(yīng)用，以高度合作的方式集中決定權(quán)。聽聽看他創(chuàng)立 “加密合作社”的故事，他們在懷俄明州購買了 40 英畝的土地，了解一下 DAO 在未來能做成的事。

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【1】How do you start a new city?

你該如何建設(shè)一個新的城市？

【2】Turns out it's not easy.

沒那么簡單。

【3】You need to survey terrain, get permission from a state, buy land, convince people to move there.

你得勘測地形, 得到國家批準(zhǔn),購買土地, 說服人們搬到這里來。

【4】And until Elon Musk gets us to Mars, land is a finite resource.

在埃隆.馬斯克（Elon Musk） 把我們送上火星之前, 土地都是有限的資源。

【5】And the good spots are probably all taken.

好地段大概都是別人的了。

【6】But what if we could start smaller, like really small?

假設(shè)我們從更小處, 非常小的一點(diǎn)開始的話,會怎么樣呢？

【7】And just post on Twitter.

在推特上發(fā)一條推文。

【8】That's what I did, because it allowed me to find people all over the world willing to help me figure it out.

我就是這么做的, 因?yàn)檫@樣我就可以找到世界上 愿意幫我搞清楚這個問題的人們。

【9】My new internet friends and I started a group chat, pooled cryptocurrency, researched locations, and three months later, we bought 40 acres of land near Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

我和我的新網(wǎng)友們建了一個群, 眾籌了加密貨幣, 研究了地點(diǎn), 三個月之后, 我們購買了 40 英畝的土地, 位于懷俄明州的 黃石國家公園附近。

【10】Now we had a piece of land, a pool of money, and a lot of decisions to make collectively.

我們現(xiàn)在有了一塊土地、一筆錢, 和許多需要大家一起做的決定。

【11】That's why we decided to start a DAO, or a decentralized autonomous organization, called CityDAO.

這就是我成立 DAO 的原因, DAO 指的是去中心化自治組織 （Decentralized Autonomous Organization）,

【12】A DAO is an internet native, blockchain-governed, collectively owned organization working towards a shared mission.

DAO 是一種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)原生、 區(qū)塊鏈治理、 集體擁有的組織, 朝著共同的目標(biāo)努力。

【13】Most DAOs pool cryptocurrency in a treasury where members vote on how it's used.

大多數(shù)的 DAO 會將加密貨幣 存在一個資金池里, 并由會員決定如何使用資金。

【14】In a traditional company, a CEO works with executives to set the direction, the budgets and hands priorities down the org chart to be implemented.

在一家傳統(tǒng)的公司里, CEO（首席執(zhí)行官）和高層 一起決定方向、預(yù)算, 再把任務(wù)一層一層傳遞下去執(zhí)行。

【15】In a DAO, members act as peers, contributing capital, proposing and working on projects and making decisions as a group.

在 DAO 里,會員之間平級, 大家貢獻(xiàn)資金, 提出、執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目, 集體做出決定。

【16】Top-down management is replaced by blockchain-based rules encoded in smart contracts.

自上而下的管理模式 由記錄于智能合約中的 區(qū)塊鏈規(guī)則替代。

【17】For example, funding a project if a proposal passes.

舉個例子,如果提案通過了, 我們就要資助一個項(xiàng)目。

【18】If a traditional company succeeds, most of the wealth will accrue to a few founders, some early employees and investors who are generally already higher net-worth.

如果一家傳統(tǒng)公司成功了, 大部分財(cái)富會歸幾位創(chuàng)始人、 幾位早期員工和 早就身價不菲的投資人所有。

【19】A DAO is a sort of crypto co-op, giving a wider group of people the opportunity to own a piece, participate in management and share in the potential upside.

DAO 就像一種加密化 “合作社”, 讓更多人有機(jī)會入股, 參與管理, 在未來的獲利中分一杯羹。

【20】CityDAO grew out of my frustrations dealing with city bureaucracy and red tape while building a start-up that helps cities better utilize their empty parking lots.

我在創(chuàng)立一家讓城市 更有效利用空置停車場的 初創(chuàng)企業(yè)時, 市政府的官僚作風(fēng)讓我萬分崩潰, 這就成為了我成立 CityDAO 的動機(jī)。

【21】It took us over three months to get a permit just to sell parking in San Francisco.

我們花了超過三個月 才獲準(zhǔn)在舊金山出售停車位。

【22】And it was an archaic bureaucratic nightmare.

這真是一個 頑固的官僚主義噩夢。

【23】Things like putting a parking lot to higher and better use, which my urbanist self really wants to do, like, you know, build a food truck park, logistics hub, maybe even new housing, a farmer's market.

像讓停車場更物有所值、 高效利用這樣的事, 我作為一名城市規(guī)劃師, 真的很想建一個餐車公園、 物流中心,甚至可以是住房、 農(nóng)貿(mào)市場。

【24】These things are also really tedious, can take months, years, or even just be illegal due to zoning laws.

這種事要花很長很長的時間, 可能是幾個月、幾年, 或者由于城市規(guī)劃法 被劃定為違規(guī)。

【25】CityDAO was among the first DAOs brave enough to buy land.

CityDAO 是最先 敢于購置土地的 DAO 之一。

【26】And speaking of bureaucracy, it took us over a month to do so under the current system.

要說官僚主義, 在現(xiàn)有體制之下, 我們花了幾個月才買成。

【27】We had to find an agent, coordinate tours, make offers, wait for counteroffers, put down a deposit, form an LLC, fill out paperwork.

我們要找個中介,安排實(shí)地考察, 出價,等待還價, 付押金, 成立公司,辦手續(xù)。

【28】At CityDAO, we imagine an on-chain city where things like permitting, budgets, laws, deeds and records, they're all just transparent on a blockchain, and smart contracts can speed up the transactions and reduce bureaucracy.

我們把 CityDAO 暢想成一個鏈上城市, 像審批、預(yù)算、 法律、契約、記錄, 在區(qū)塊鏈上都是透明公開的, 智能合約可以加速交易, 減少官僚主義的阻撓。

【29】Let me give you an example.

我來舉個例子。

【30】Things that used to take weeks, like buying or selling land or taking a loan out against your property, that could happen in seconds through a smart contract.

以前要花幾個星期的事情, 比如買賣土地, 貸款買房, 如果使用智能合約的話, 只需要幾秒鐘就能完成。

【31】DAOs are financial flash mobs, often organizing seemingly overnight in pursuit of an idea.

DAO 是金融界的快閃族, 人們經(jīng)常會為了一個想法瞬間集結(jié)。

【32】They usually start out as a few people who have a big vision but realize it will take a large collective effort to get it done.

它們通常始于一群有宏偉目標(biāo)的人, 但是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)必須要 借助眾人的力量才能達(dá)到目標(biāo)。

【33】So they usually start the community in a group chat server, and the most common is called Discord.

他們一般會通過 群聊平臺建立社群, 最廣泛使用的平臺 叫做 Discord。

【34】We use Discord for weekly community calls where people can share ideas and debate proposals.

我們每周會通過 Discord 進(jìn)行社群會議, 人們分享自己的想法, 并討論提案。

【35】In the server, channels are set up around teams and projects.

在這個平臺上,人們會 根據(jù)團(tuán)隊(duì)和項(xiàng)目設(shè)置頻道。

【36】Instead of a formal boss, each team has an elected facilitator who holds regular meetings.

不同于正式的老板, 每個團(tuán)隊(duì)會推選一名 引導(dǎo)者組織日常會議。

【37】People can contribute to the DAO full-time, part-time, but one of the most common ways is through bounties, where you hop in and out of the DAO, taking on small tasks and contributing where you can.

人們可以全職, 也可以兼職參與 DAO 的活動, 但是最常見的形式是賞金制, 你可以隨時進(jìn)出 DAO, 領(lǐng)取一些小任務(wù), 能貢獻(xiàn)多少就貢獻(xiàn)多少。

【38】Most DAOs raised some initial funding by selling a governance token that gives holders voting rights over DAO activities.

大多數(shù)的 DAO 會通過 出售治理代幣募集啟動資金, 代幣給予持幣人 對 DAO 活動的投票權(quán)。

【39】You can either buy these tokens on the open market using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum, or you can earn them by contributing to the DAO.

你可以在公開市場上 購買這些代幣, 使用以太坊之類的加密貨幣, 或者通過為 DAO 做出貢獻(xiàn)賺取代幣。

【40】For example, things like designing a logo, researching or writing some code.

舉個例子,像設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)識、 做調(diào)研或者寫代碼這樣的任務(wù)。

【41】At CityDAO, we raised over six million dollars Citizens get to vote in things like where our next piece of land will be located.

CityDAO 通過發(fā)行 “Citizenship” （公民身份） 治理代幣 公民有權(quán)參與投票, 比如決定我們的 下一塊地買在哪里。

【42】DAOs have been called group chats with a bank account.

DAO 被稱為帶有銀行賬戶的群聊。

【43】And I know what you're thinking.

我知道你在想什么。

【44】'"Scott, sharing a bank account with my significant other is already hard enough.

“斯科特（Scott）,和我對象 共享銀行賬戶已經(jīng)夠難了。

【45】Now you're telling me I have to share one with 5,000 people on the internet?"

你現(xiàn)在想讓我 和五千個網(wǎng)友共享賬戶？”

【46】Well, it's not that bad.

其實(shí)沒那么離譜。

【47】Blockchain helps fix this.

區(qū)塊鏈可以解決。

【48】So funds live in a public blockchain treasury where anyone can audit income and spending.

資金存在公開的區(qū)塊鏈金庫里, 每個人都可以審核收入和支出。

【49】And any time spending or money transfers are involved, the DAO approves it through a proposal.

每當(dāng)需要涉及支出或轉(zhuǎn)賬, DAO 就會通過提案進(jìn)行審批。

【50】Typically written by a DAO member, a proposal starts as an idea that gets debated and is put to a vote of the token holders.

提案通常由一名 DAO 的成員撰寫, 主要內(nèi)容是一個有爭議的想法, 然后由持幣人投票決定。

【51】For example, one of the first proposals at CityDAO was, of course, which piece of land to buy.

舉個例子, CityDAO 最早的 一個提案自然是 買哪片地。

【52】The DAO debated must-haves, nice-to-haves, and DAO contributors combed through Wyoming land listings and narrowed it down to the top three, outlining the pros and cons of each and presenting the final proposal to the DAO for a vote.

DAO 討論了哪些是必要的要求, 哪些是可以有的要求, 隨后 DAO 的成員梳理了 懷俄明州的土地目錄, 將范圍縮小到前三名, 列出每塊土地的優(yōu)勢劣勢, 將最終提案 交給 DAO 投票決定。

【53】We voted to acquire Parcel 0 near Cody, Wyoming.

我們投票決定購買懷俄明州科迪鎮(zhèn) 附近的 Parcel 0 地塊。

【54】Chosen for being close to an airport, having an on-site well for water access, and of course, the most important criterion of all, being near Kanye West.

決定因素包括距離機(jī)場很近, 現(xiàn)場有一口井作為水資源, 當(dāng)然了, 最重要的因素, 就是離坎耶.維斯特 （Kanye West）很近。

【55】OK, OK, that wasn't really in the criteria, but it just so happens our piece of land in Wyoming is not far from Kanye's own Cody ranch.

好吧好吧, 這不是一條評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 但是正好 我們在懷俄明的這塊地 離坎耶在科迪的牧場不遠(yuǎn)。

【56】The next steps at CityDAO are things like voting on what gets built on the land and who gets to use it when.

CityDAO 的下一步 就是投票決定 在這塊地上建什么, 并且誰在什么時候可以用它。

【57】Some other proposals floating around are things like buying a piece of land in the Amazon for conservation or building out a network of DAO-owned spaces where citizens can visit at any time, a decentralized city, perhaps.

其他的提案 包括在亞馬遜雨林買一塊保護(hù)地, 建立一個將 DAO 擁有的土地 互相聯(lián)結(jié)的網(wǎng)絡(luò), CityDAO 的公民 可以隨時訪問, 也許打造一個去中心化的城市。

【58】Today we're seeing DAOs do all kinds of really interesting things together.

我們現(xiàn)在可以看到, DAO 讓我們 可以一起做各種各樣有趣的事。

【59】They're building products, they're investing in start-ups, they're buying art and assets, they're funding research and raising money.

人們一起創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品, 投資初創(chuàng)企業(yè), 購買藝術(shù)品和資產(chǎn), 資助研究,募集資金。

【60】Let's take a look at some examples.

我們來看幾個例子。

【61】ConstitutionDAO raised over 47 million dollars in seven days in attempt to buy an original US Constitution copy.

ConstitutionDAO 在七天內(nèi) 募集了超過 4700 萬美金, 目的是購買一份美國憲法原件。

【62】It usually takes longer than seven days just to set up a company and open a bank account.

就算是開個公司、開個銀行賬戶, 一般來說也不止七天。

【63】Krause House is buying an NBA team and LinksDAO a golf course.

克勞斯.浩斯 （Krause House） 要買下一支 NBA 球隊(duì),

【64】DAO members will likely get to participate in key things, like who's coaching the team or where the golf course gets built.

DAO 的成員 可能會參與關(guān)鍵事務(wù), 比如球隊(duì)教練、 高爾夫球場地點(diǎn)。

【65】PleasrDAO collects art and digital assets like NFTs.

PleasrDAO 收集 NFT 這樣的 藝術(shù)和數(shù)字藏品。

【66】They recently purchased the only copy in existence of an unreleased Wu-Tang Clan album, and DAO members are now the only people in the world who can legally listen to it.

他們最近購買了世間僅此一份的 Wu-Tang Clan（說唱團(tuán)體） 未發(fā)行的專輯, 于是這個 DAO 的成員 現(xiàn)在是世界上 唯一能合法聽這個專輯的人。

【67】VectorDAO is a collective of designers shaking up the agency model where DAO members get ownership in each project they work on.

VectorDAO 是一群設(shè)計(jì)師 試圖顛覆傳統(tǒng)的中介模式, DAO 的成員 擁有他們項(xiàng)目的所有權(quán)。

【68】In DAOs like MetaCartel and Seed Club, members review submissions from promising start-ups and projects and decide on which ones to fund.

在像 MetaCartel 和 Seed Club 這樣的 DAO 里, 成員們審閱有潛力的初創(chuàng)企業(yè) 和項(xiàng)目提交的材料, 決定投資哪一個。

【69】VitaDAO is funding research, and more recently, UkraineDAO raised over six million dollars to donate towards the Ukrainian defense effort.

VitaDAO 資助科研項(xiàng)目, 就在最近,UkraineDAO 募集了超過 600 萬美金, 資助烏克蘭防務(wù)。

【70】It's still early for DAOs, and they certainly aren't for everything.

DAO 還在起步階段, 它也有做不到的事。

【71】They require a level of consensus building and might move slower than a company who has a boss who can just call the shots.

它需要建立一定程度的共識, 也許比有老板拍板的公司 進(jìn)展要慢。

【72】After all, ConstitutionDAO was outbid at Sotheby's auction house by the CEO of Citadel.

比如,ConstitutionDAO 在 蘇富比拍賣行的出價就低于 對沖基金 Citadel 的 首席執(zhí)行官。

【73】And some say the transparency and decentralization made it hard for the DAO to coordinate and win the auction.

有人說透明度和去中心化 讓 DAO 很難協(xié)調(diào)并贏下拍賣。

【74】And while traditional corporate structures are battle-tested, DAOs are a new type of entity that can find themselves in uncharted regulatory waters.

對比傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 經(jīng)受過大風(fēng)大浪的考驗(yàn), DAO 是一種 全新的組織形式, 在 “法外之地” 沉浮。

【75】To help solve some of these issues, states like Wyoming are putting laws on the books that recognize DAOs.

為了解決這些問題, 懷俄明州等州把對 DAO 的認(rèn)可 記錄于法律中。

【76】And we actually used one of these laws to buy our first piece of land at CityDAO, that's why it's in Wyoming.

我們在 CityDAO 購買第一塊地的時候 就參考了這些法律之一, 也就是為什么 我們會在懷俄明州購置土地。

【77】Once we work out the kinks, DAOs have the potential to increase economic opportunity and allow more people to share in the upsides of ownership.

一旦我們把這些堵點(diǎn)疏通了, DAO 就有潛力 增加經(jīng)濟(jì)上的機(jī)會, 讓更多人享受所有權(quán)帶來的福利。

【78】Things like real estate, sports teams, fine art.

比如房產(chǎn)、運(yùn)動團(tuán)隊(duì)、藝術(shù)。

【79】These are things that would typically be owned by a single, high net-worth individual that today DAOs are buying and democratizing.

這些東西通常都由 僅僅一個富豪擁有, 而如今 DAO 可以購買這些東西 并將其普及化。

【80】Imagine if the next social network or ride-hailing app were a DAO.

如果下一個社交網(wǎng)絡(luò) 或者打車軟件就是一個 DAO 呢？

【81】And each time you posted valuable content or put in late-nights driving, you got little pieces of ownership in that platform.

每當(dāng)你發(fā)布了有價值的內(nèi)容, 或者貢獻(xiàn)了自己的夜晚駕車, 你都賺取了那個平臺的一部分。

【82】And since ownership means voting rights in DAOs, you can use your new voting power to propose changes to the platform if you think that there's a fairer or better way to do things.

在 DAO 里,所有權(quán)就 代表了投票權(quán), 你可以用你的投票權(quán) 給平臺提建議, 要求改成你覺得更公平 或者更好的方式。

【83】Agriculture enabled us to live in cities.

農(nóng)業(yè)讓我們可以住在城市里。

【84】The internet let us share information globally.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們可以 跨越國境分享信息。

【85】And today, DAOs let us work together, trust each other and coordinate in a fairer way on larger-scale problems than ever before.

如今,DAO 讓我們 以一種更公平的方式合作、 互信、 協(xié)調(diào), 處理前所未有的大規(guī)模問題。

【86】And maybe a DAO can even build the next great city.

或許,DAO 甚至可以 創(chuàng)建下一個大都市。

【87】Thank you.

謝謝。