GMAT閱讀沖750 Test 6 passage 4單詞、詞組預(yù)習(xí)，文章翻譯

(This passage is adapted from an article written in 1990.)

Line Research data indicate that there is a great deal of poverty in the United States among single-parent families headed by women. This problem could result from the fact that women’s wages are only?

(5) 60 percent of men’s. Some economists believe that rigorous enforcement of existing equal pay laws would substantially decrease this wage inequity. But equal pay laws are ineffectual when women and men are concentrated in different occupations because such?

(10) laws require only that women and men doing the same jobs be paid the same.

Since gender concentration exists (for example, 80 percent of clerical workers are women), other economists argue that a comparable worth standard, which would mandate that women?

(15) and men in any jobs that require comparable training and responsibility be paid the same, should be applied instead. But some policy analysts assert that, although comparable worth would virtually equalize male and female wages, many single-parent families headed by?

(20) women would remain in poverty because many men earn wages that are below the poverty line. These policy analysts believe that the problem is not caused primarily by wage inequity but rather by low wages coupled with single parent hood, regardless of sex. As a solution, they?

(25) challenge the government’s assumption that a family’s income should depend primarily on wages and urge the government to provide generous wage supplements (child and housing allowances) to single-parents whose wages are low.?

?

(本文摘自1990年的文章)

調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在美國由婦女持家的單親家庭存在著大量貧困現(xiàn)象。這個(gè)問題的根源可能是婦女工資僅僅是男性工資的60%。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,有力執(zhí)行現(xiàn)有的平等工資法將切實(shí)減少工資不平等現(xiàn)象。但當(dāng)男女從事不同職業(yè)時(shí),平等工資法是無效的,因?yàn)檫@樣的法律要求只有女性和男性做相同的工作才可以有相同的報(bào)酬。因?yàn)榇嬖谛詣e集中現(xiàn)象(如80%的文職是女性),其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為應(yīng)執(zhí)行一個(gè)可比較的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即要求無論男女做什么工作,當(dāng)需要相似的培訓(xùn)和相似的責(zé)任時(shí),都得到同等的報(bào)酬。

但一些政策分析家認(rèn)為,雖然可比價(jià)值確實(shí)會(huì)使男女工資平等,但很多由婦女持家的單親家庭仍舊貧困,因?yàn)楹芏嗄行缘墓べY都低于貧困線。這些政策分析家認(rèn)為,這個(gè)問題并非主要來自工資不平等,而是單親父母(無論性別)的工資本身就低。作為解決方案,他們挑戰(zhàn)政府的假設(shè),即家庭收入主要取決于工資,敦促政府向低工資單親家庭提供慷慨的工資補(bǔ)助(如兒童和房屋津貼)。