原文由美國國家空間學(xué)會（NNS）于2019年出品。

《太空定居的三十一個里程碑》譯文版?簡介第一節(jié)?

nss-roadmap-to-space-settlement-3rd-edition-2018-contents

INTRODUCTION 1

GENERAL DRIVERS FOR SPACE SETTLEMENT

促使太空定居發(fā)展的常規(guī)驅(qū)動力

There are a multitude of forces pushing for space settlement. Some of the most important reasons, rationales, and goals are:

有許多力量正在推動「太空定居」的發(fā)展。以下是其中一些最重要的原因、理論和目標(biāo)：

1. Improving the quality of life on Earth.

   改善地球上的生活質(zhì)量。

2. Providing space-based services via satellites to Earth, such as improved communications, remote sensing, navigation, and weather prediction.

   通過衛(wèi)星向地球提供空基服務(wù)，如改善通信、遙感、導(dǎo)航和天氣預(yù)測。

3. Greatly enhancing the chances for the long-term survival of humanity and other Earth species by ending the “all of the eggs in one basket” problem. In the words of poet Leslie Fish, “If you would not perish then grow.”

   通過解決「將所有雞蛋放在一個籃子里」的問題，極大地提高了人類和其他地球物種長期生存的機會。若用詩人Leslie Fish的話來說，“如果你不想滅亡，那就成長"。

4. Developing and using space resources to reducehumanity’s reliance on Earth-based resources and industry.

   開發(fā)和利用宇宙空間的資源，減少人類對地球資源和工業(yè)的依賴。
   

5. Protecting Earth and its environment from asteroid impacts and climate change.

   保護(hù)地球及其環(huán)境免受小行星撞擊和氣候變化的影響。

A future that includes the expansion of humanity into space is vastly preferable to one in which we are limited to the resources of Earth.

建立一個人類能向太空擴展的未來，總比我們局限于地球資源要好得多。

This roadmap describes the major milestones to be met, and the primary barriers to be overcome, to achieve the NSS Vision.?

該計劃描述了為實現(xiàn)NSS愿景而需要達(dá)到的主要里程碑，以及需要克服的主要障礙。

In this context, a milestone is an accomplishment or event that significantly promotes or advances any of the reasons, rationales,or goals listed above.?

在這種背景下，一個里程碑就是一個成就或事件，它極大地促進(jìn)或推動了上面列出的任何原因、理論或目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。

These milestones should not be thoughtof as arranged along a single route, but instead marking major nodes along the branches of different possibilities.

這些里程碑不應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是一種單線性規(guī)劃，相反的，它標(biāo)志著不同可能性分支產(chǎn)生的主要節(jié)點。

While the roadmap to some extent highlights what can and should be done by the United States, which to date has been the leader in off-Earth space exploration and development, it is equally applicable to all countries.?

雖然該路線圖在某種程度上強調(diào)了某國可以和應(yīng)該做的事情，而某國迄今為止一直是地球外太空探索和發(fā)展的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但它同樣適用于所有國家。

Eventually, all nations may participate in achieving this vision and reaping its fruits.

最終，所有國家都可能參與實現(xiàn)這一愿景并收獲成果。

NSS has defined 31 major milestones based on our current knowledge and perspective.?

NSS根據(jù)人類目前的知識和觀點，確定了31個主要的里程碑。

These can be achieved with incremental advances in current technologies.?

這些里程碑可以通過當(dāng)前技術(shù)的漸進(jìn)式發(fā)展來實現(xiàn)。

However, researchers around the world are pushing the frontiers of science in many fields, and new breakthroughs may enable us to leapfrog currently accepted milestones at any time.

然而，世界各地的研究人員正在多個領(lǐng)域推動科學(xué)向前邁步，新的突破可能使我們在任何時候都能跨越目前公認(rèn)的里程碑。

Some of these milestones must be reached prior to the settlement of cislunar space, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and eventually, other star systems.?

其中部分里程碑必須在定居衛(wèi)星空間、月球、火星、小行星，以及最終定居其他恒星系統(tǒng)之前達(dá)到。

Specific milestones then follow for each of these destinations.?

然后，每個目的地都會有具體的里程碑。

These milestones are presented here, with commentary on their current status, along with the changes and developments necessary toreach them.

我們將介紹這些里程碑，并對其現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評論，以及為達(dá)到這些里程碑所需的變化和發(fā)展。

Surpassing these milestones will require a combination of governmental and nongovernmental efforts.?

要超越這些里程碑，需要政府和非政府的共同努力。

The goals of populating space and utilizing its resources must be pursued by multiple governments and a variety of private groups, and while political and economic factors will drive much of this activity, the settlement of space will ultimatelybe driven by the basic human need to survive and thrive.

太空定居和利用其資源的目標(biāo)必須由多個政府和各種私人團(tuán)體來完善，即便政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素將起到推動作用，但太空定居最終將由人類對生存和繁榮的基本需求所驅(qū)動。

以下是全文目錄，先行放出，持續(xù)更新。

INTRODUCE 1 「Done」

GENERAL DRIVERS FOR SPACE SETTLEMENT

INTRODUCE 2

GENERAL BARRIERS TO SPACE SETTLEMENT

PART ONE:?General Milestones

MILESTONE 1

Dramatically Lower Launch Costs to Orbit

MILESTONE 2

Continuous Human Occupancy in Low-Earth Orbit

MILESTONE 3

Development of a SpaceTourism Industry

MILESTONE 4

Establishment of In-Space Commerce by Private Companies

MILESTONE 5

Crew Habitats for Use Beyond Low-Earth Orbit

MILESTONE 6

Use of Rotational Artificial Gravity for Habitats & Industry

MILESTONE 7

Legal Protection of Property & Other Rights

MILESTONE 8

Land Grants or Other Economic Incentives for Space Settlement

MILESTONE 9

Technology for Adequate Self-Sufficiency

MILESTONE 10

Demonstration of Multi-Generational Human Survival off Earth

MILESTONE 11

An Effective Asteroid Protection System

MILESTONE 12

In-Space Fabrication & Construction of Large Pressurized & UnpressurizedSingle-Piece Structures

PART TWO:?Utilization and Development of Cislunar Space

MILESTONE 13

Use of Space Technology and Resources on & for Earth

MILESTONE 14

An Integrated Cislunar Space Transportation & LogisticsSystem

MILESTONE 15

Robust Space Infrastructure for Human & Robotic Operations

MILESTONE 16

Development of the First Equatorial Low-Earth Orbit Settlement

MILESTONE 17

Space Solar Power System

PART THREE:?To the Moon

MILESTONE 18

Robotic Confirmation of Lunar Resources

MILESTONE 19

A Lunar Research and Development Facility

MILESTONE 20

A Continuously Occupied Multi-Purpose Lunar Base

MILESTONE 21

A Permanent Lunar Settlement

PART FOUR:?On to Mars

MILESTONE 22

Robotic Exploration of Mars for Local (In Situ) Resources

MILESTONE 23

An Integrated Martian Space Transportation & Logistics System

MILESTONE 24

A Continuously Occupied Multi-Purpose Mars Surface Base

MILESTONE 25

A True Martian Settlement

PART FIVE:?Asteroid Mining and Orbital Space Settlements

MILESTONE 26

Robotic Characterization of Asteroids

MILESTONE 27

Utilization of Asteroids

MILESTONE 28

Development of Orbital Space Settlements

PART SIX:?Additional Expansion and Greater Sustainability of Human Civilization

MILESTONE 29

Terraforming and Para-Terraforming

MILESTONE 30

Development of Interstellar Travel and Settlement

MILESTONE 31

Survival of Humanity via Space Settlement

CONCLUDING REMARKS

LINKS：

https://space.nss.org/nss-roadmap-to-space-settlement-3rd-edition-2018-contents/