對地教程第一課 對地靶場

教程開始前信息(想定簡介)：

This scenario is designed to help new players understand the methods and nuances of Air-to-Ground bombing.?

該想定旨在幫助新玩家了解空對地轟炸的方法和不同種類武器間的細(xì)微差別。

Bombing in today’s air forces doesn’t carry the same glamour as the Air-to-Air (A2A) missions, but once the ‘Glamour Jockeys’ get off their shining white chargers and realize that the world does not revolve around White Knights rescuing damsels in distress anymore, they recognise delivering ordinance to surface targets is why they exist.?

在今日的時代背景中，空軍轟炸任務(wù)并沒有空對空（A2A）任務(wù)那樣有魅力，但一旦“魅力騎師”們從他們的白色戰(zhàn)馬上下來，意識到世界并不圍繞著拯救遇險少女的白騎士而轉(zhuǎn)，他們才會意識到，向地面目標(biāo)給予打擊才是他們存在的意義。（譯者注：‘delivering ordinance’應(yīng)該是指空軍通過對地打擊，迫使敵方改變既定部署，原作者經(jīng)常采用類似的修辭手法。另外，譯者僅進(jìn)行翻譯，對原作者一切觀點(diǎn)持保留態(tài)度，如對文中觀點(diǎn)感到不適，請聯(lián)系原作者Gunner98。）

Disparagingly called ‘Air to Mud’ or ‘Farming’, Air-to-Ground targeting is generally of two types: Close Air Support (CAS), where ground troops are involved, or strike, where targets are located and destroyed independent of ground forces.

空對地攻擊通常被稱為“空對地（Air to Mud）”或“犁地（Farming）”，攻擊通常被分為兩種類型：一是近距離空中支援（CAS），這種類型的攻擊任務(wù)中，地面部隊會參與攻擊。二是打擊（strike），是摧毀地面部隊活動范圍之外的目標(biāo)。

There are several sub classes of each type but we will focus on simple Strike missions with one aircraft each.

這兩個類型下也都有幾個子類，但我們將專注于各種飛機(jī)的簡單打擊任務(wù)。

Most modern fighters are called ‘multi-role’, indicating that they can do both the Air-to-Air role in an effort to gain air superiority and the Air-to-Ground role to strike ground targets.?

大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)都是“多用途”，這說明它們既可以扮演空對空的角色以獲得空中優(yōu)勢，也可以扮演空對地的角色以打擊地面目標(biāo)。

Some aircraft, such as the F-15C or the MiG-31 are strictly A2A.

當(dāng)然也一些飛機(jī)，如F-15C或米格-31，嚴(yán)格來說就是空對空戰(zhàn)機(jī)。

While some other aircraft are strictly Air-to-Ground, such as the A-10 or the Su-25, these ‘flying tanks’ are largely focused on CAS with troops in close contact.

雖然確實有一些飛機(jī)是嚴(yán)格意義上的對地攻擊機(jī)，如A-10或蘇-25，但這些“飛行坦克”主要集中在那些與地面部隊有密切接觸的CAS任務(wù)上。

Today, we will use the F-16, one of the most prolific and versatile modern aircraft in use today.

今天，我們將使用F-16，這是當(dāng)今使用的最多產(chǎn)和多用途的現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)之一。

?One could make a serious study of the various types of F-16 out there, but it is not important to this tutorial.?

大家可以認(rèn)真研究各種類型的F-16，但這對本教程并不重要。

The model chosen has the ability to use a wide range of munitions to demonstrate the game functions needed.

任務(wù)所選機(jī)型能夠使用多種彈藥來演示所需的游戲功能。

If you wish to know more, you can always go here.

如果你想了解更多，你可以隨時到“這里”（譯者注：“這里”是一個超鏈接，指向F-16.net - The ultimate F-16, F-22, F-35 reference ，這是一個F-16專項論壇，毫無疑問是全英文的，如果您對F-16有充足的愛，可以去挑戰(zhàn)一下）。

Don’t worry, in future tutorials we will use other aircraft of Russian, European or Chinese manufacture so you can get used to these as well,

別擔(dān)心機(jī)型的種類不足，在之后的教程中，我們將使用俄羅斯、歐洲以及中國制造的其他飛機(jī)，這樣您也可以習(xí)慣這些飛機(jī)，

So enter the game and look around.? You have an air base in Mali, and some targets all nicely lined up for you.

好了，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入游戲并查看整張地圖。你在馬里有一個空軍基地，還有一些很適合你發(fā)揮的目標(biāo)。

There are no defences arrayed against you in this scenario so you are free to play around without getting shot at.?

這個環(huán)境中沒有針對你的防御措施，所以你可以自由地四處玩耍而不用擔(dān)心被擊中。

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Enjoy learning this impressive game.

來享受這個令人印象深刻的游戲吧。

Note: This tutorial should take about 30-40 min to complete

注意：完成本教程大約需要30-40分鐘

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教程開始前信息(陣營選擇及相應(yīng)簡報)：

Blue Player

藍(lán)方

Good morning Colonel.

早上好，上校。

?You are the Squadron Commander of Blue Strike Squadron and your job today is to learn how to use your assets in strike missions.?

你現(xiàn)在是藍(lán)方打擊中隊的中隊指揮官，今天的工作是學(xué)習(xí)如何在打擊任務(wù)中使用你的航空資源。

Remember - CMO is not a flight simulator, it is a "tactical/operational command" simulator that replicates that tactical employment of modern air and naval forces – so you don’t actually ‘fly’ the aircraft.?

記住，CMO不是一個飛行模擬器，它是一個“戰(zhàn)術(shù)/作戰(zhàn)指揮”模擬器，復(fù)制了現(xiàn)代空軍和海軍部隊的戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用——所以你不會實際去“駕駛”一架飛機(jī)。

You’re the boss, you tell the pilot what to do and s/he goes off and does what you tell them.

你是當(dāng)老板的，你告訴飛行員該做什么，他/她就會按照你的指示去做。

Unless something goes wrong or the situations changes of course -? then they have this desire for self preservation! What is this world coming to!

除非什么地方出了問題或者情況發(fā)生了某些變化，當(dāng)然，因為他們有自我保護(hù)原則！誰知道這個世界接下來會變成什么樣子?。ㄗg者注：原文如此，我也不能理解原作者此處表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵，歡迎各位在評論區(qū)發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)。）

You have a squadron of 12 F-16s, very handy little aircraft indeed.

你有一個由12架F-16組成的中隊，F(xiàn)-16是一種非常好操縱的輕型戰(zhàn)機(jī)。

If you’re interested in facts and figures that’s about $2 Billion US worth of airframes at about 165 Million, each.

如果你對該機(jī)型的現(xiàn)實狀況和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)感興趣，那么我可以告訴您，每架飛機(jī)大概價值1.65億美元，也就是說您的中隊大概價值20億美元。

And don’t forget that you will be spending $34,000 per aircraft flight hour. The munitions you’re dropping range in price from about $2000 for a Mk 82 dumb bomb to about 1.5 million for a JASSM.

對了，別忘了，每飛行一小時都將再花費(fèi)34000美元。你投放的彈藥價格從2000美元（Mk 82無指導(dǎo)炸彈）到150萬美元（JASSM）不等。

Open the game and review your forces.?

打開游戲并查看您的部隊。

Each of your F-16s is loaded with a different loadout, we will practice with most of the available loadouts to give you a feel for which ones to chose in a real game.?

您的每架F-16有不同的掛載，我們將使用大多數(shù)可用的掛載進(jìn)行練習(xí)，以便讓您在真實游戲中選擇使用哪種。

Munitions selection is one of the most important decisions a player will make, and it is expensive in time if you get it wrong.

彈藥選擇是玩家將做出的最重要決定之一，如果你弄錯了，那么就會浪費(fèi)很多寶貴的時間。

?Hopefully this tutorial will help you with that.?

希望本教程將對您有所幫助。

We will not be using the A2A loadouts as there are other tutorials covering that aspect - we’re doing real work in this tutorial.

我們不會使用A2A掛載，因為還有其他教程涉及這方面-我們在本教程中做真正的工作。（譯者注：譯者僅進(jìn)行翻譯，對原作者一切觀點(diǎn)持保留態(tài)度，如感到不適，請聯(lián)系原作者Gunner98。）

Also we are limiting ourselves to ground targets, although ‘surface’ also includes ships, that will be the subject of another tutorial.?

此外，我們的教程僅局限于地面目標(biāo)，盡管“空對面”中其實也包括船只，但這方面的內(nèi)容是另一個教程的主題。

And finally we will not be conducting SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Defence) which is a specialized skill set and will also be covered later.

最后，我們將不進(jìn)行SEAD（壓制敵方防空），這是一套專門技能，將會在之后的教程中介紹。

A message will appear in about 15 seconds with instructions for your first strike.

您進(jìn)入游戲大約15秒后會出現(xiàn)第一條信息，那是關(guān)于您第一次打擊的指示信息。

Oh: one more note – modern aircraft generally don’t fly alone – they like the company of a wingman.

? 哦：還有一點(diǎn)要注意，現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)一般不會單獨(dú)飛行——他們通常會有一個僚機(jī)陪伴。This goes to that very inefficient principle of self-preservation again!

這又回到了非常低效的自我保護(hù)原則！

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?Anyway, in this tutorial we will be flying single aircraft ‘One Ship’, where most missions you conduct in the game will be in ‘2 ship’ or even ‘4 ship’ formation.

但在本教程中，我們將駕駛單機(jī)“1船”，在游戲中執(zhí)行的大多數(shù)任務(wù)將是“2船”甚至“4船”編隊。

?Don’t ask me why they call them ships – something to do with that knight on a white charger thing I’m sure

別問我為什么他們叫船——我肯定是和那個騎著白色戰(zhàn)馬的騎士有關(guān)。

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第一次彈窗：

Let’s Check out your first strike Aircraft.? (Strike #1) Select the ‘Blue Base’ and either hit the ‘F6’ key or push the Aircraft Operations button on the Unit Status window.

讓我們看看你的第一架飛機(jī)。（Strike #1）選擇“藍(lán)方基地”，按下“F6”鍵或按下“機(jī)組狀態(tài)”窗口上的“飛機(jī)操作”按鈕。

Strike #1 is an F-16 loaded with 6x Mk82 LDGP (Low Drag General Purpose).? If you delve into the Database, you will note that this bomb was first put into action in 1954 – a lot has changed in bomb design since then.

Strike #1是一架F-16，裝有6x Mk82 LDGP（低阻力通用型）。如果你深入研究數(shù)據(jù)庫，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這枚炸彈于1954年首次投入使用——從那時到現(xiàn)在，炸彈設(shè)計已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

You will also note that:

您還將注意到：

·???????? Range against Anti-surf(surface) targets is 1nm or 1 Nautical Mile – that is right on top of the target

·反面目標(biāo)的距離為1海里，即正好在目標(biāo)上方凌空轟炸

·???????? Launch Altitude is anywhere between 800ft AGL (Above Ground Level) and 65000ft AGL – quite flexible

·發(fā)射高度介于800英尺AGL（地面以上）和65000英尺AGL之間——非常靈活

·???????? This is a 500-pound(241Kg) GPB (General Purpose Bomb)

· 這是一枚500磅（241Kg）GPB（通用炸彈）

·???????? Surface PoH (Probability of Hit) is 99% - that is good so it will probably hit the ground – not necessarily the target!

·面PoH（命中概率）為99%——這很好，因此它可能會擊中地面——不一定是目標(biāo)！

·???????? The CEP (Circular Error Probability) means that it will likely hit within 50 Meters of where it is aimed. But you’re aiming it with the entire aircraft – it is not a precision weapon.

·CEP（圓誤差概率）意味著它可能會在目標(biāo)50米范圍內(nèi)命中。這還是你用的是飛機(jī)全套觀瞄設(shè)備的前提下——您應(yīng)該意識到這不是一種精確武器。

·???????? If you hit your target you will do 130.5 DP (Damage Points).? DP is a game abstract to measure a targets ability to absorbed damage verses a weapons ability to deliver that damage.

·如果你命中目標(biāo)，你將造成130.5 DP（傷害點(diǎn)數(shù)）。DP是一個游戲抽象概念，用來衡量目標(biāo)吸收傷害的能力與武器釋放傷害的能力。

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Your target – Target 1 – is a guard post – no problem. Checking the Database, you will note:

你的目標(biāo)是Target 1——這是一個崗哨——沒什么別的問題。檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫時，您會注意到：

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·???????? This is a building – OK

·這是一棟建筑——好的，沒問題

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·???????? It has 25 DP – so if you hit it you should kill it with your bombs which do 130 DP each

·它有25 DP，所以如果你擊中它，那炸彈足以消滅它，每個炸彈有130 DP

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·???????? It has light armor, which should not be a problem for your bombs

·它具有輕型裝甲，這對你的炸彈來說應(yīng)該不是問題

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·???????? It is a 20x20 Meter target giving a target area of about 400 Square Meters

·這是一個20x20米的目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)面積約為400平方米

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Launch Strike #1 by either right clicking on the aircraft and selecting Launch individually from the drop down menu or by clicking the Launch individually from the options along the bottom of the Air Operations box

通過右鍵單擊飛機(jī)并從下拉菜單中選擇單獨(dú)發(fā)射，或通過從空中作戰(zhàn)框底部的選項中單擊單獨(dú)起飛Strike #1

第二次彈窗：

Once Strike #1 is in the air, you can get him targeted quite easily.

一旦Strike #1在空中，你就可以很容易地將他作為目標(biāo)。

·???????? Select the Aircraft Strike #1

·選擇飛機(jī)Strike #1

·???????? Hit the F1 key

·按F1鍵

·???????? Select Target 1

·選擇Target 1

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You can do this through the Unit Orders Menu as well:

您也可以通過“Unit Orders”菜單執(zhí)行此操作：

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·???????? Select the Aircraft Strike #1

·Strike #1

·???????? Unit Orders/Attack Options/Engage Targets (Auto)

·單位命令/攻擊選項/攻擊目標(biāo)（自動）

·???????? Select Target 1

·選擇目標(biāo)1

The rest is in the hands of the pilot, he will proceed directly to the target, adopt a suitable attack profile and drop the bombs.? He should get there in about 15 min of game time so you can speed up time with the ‘+’ key, remembering to slow it down as he approaches the target ‘-‘ key or drop it to 1:1 time compression with the ‘Enter’ key.? You can always hit the ‘Space Bar’ to pause and restart the timer.

其余的操作都在飛行員手中，他將直接前往目標(biāo)，采用合適的攻擊模式并投擲炸彈。他應(yīng)該在大約15分鐘的游戲時間內(nèi)到達(dá)那里，你可以用“+”鍵加快時間，在他接近目標(biāo)時按“-”鍵放慢速度，或者用“Enter”鍵將其快速設(shè)置為1:1時間流動。您可以隨時按“空格鍵”暫?；蛟俅伍_始流動時間。

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第三次彈窗：

Well if you were lucky, you killed Target 1 – but there is a good chance you missed with your bombs – that’s what Korean War era weaponry is like.? When you bomb with LDGPs – use lots of them.

如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，Target 1已經(jīng)被消滅了——當(dāng)然你也很有可能沒能命中——這畢竟是朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭時期的武器。當(dāng)你用LDGP轟炸時，請使用大量LDGP。

One thing to consider when using ‘dumb bombs’ is your attack altitude. Many Cold War Era Fighter Bombers were designed for the ‘Fast & Low’ approach.? Low because the geometry of a low release altitude keeps the bombs close to the target and reduces the ‘miss distance’, whereas a high level release increases the likely area the bomb will drop exponentially, plus the added time in the air allows wind and many other ballistic factors to affect the bombs more dramatically.? The ‘Fast’ part of this delivery method is needed – because it is not healthy for a multi-million-dollar aircraft to be dragging its tail down where everything from tree branches, to shrapnel from its own bombs and small arms fire can damage it – not to mention anti-aircraft guns and missiles.

使用鐵炸彈時需要考慮的一件事是你的攻擊高度。許多冷戰(zhàn)時期的戰(zhàn)斗轟炸機(jī)都是為“快速低高度”投彈方法而設(shè)計的。低高度，是因為低釋放高度可以使炸彈保持接近目標(biāo)并減少“脫靶距離”，釋放高度提高則會導(dǎo)致炸彈的可能落點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)離，加上因高度增加而增加的空中時間，也會使風(fēng)和其他許多彈道因素對炸彈的影響更為顯著。這種投送方式中的“快速”是必要的，因為一架價值數(shù)百萬美元的飛機(jī)拖著尾巴向下慢慢飛是不安全的，從樹枝到自己炸彈的彈片以及小口徑武器射擊都會損壞它，更不用說高射炮和導(dǎo)彈了。

Your next strike will be a bit different, you will step forward about 50 years and use some modern JDAM (Joint Direct Attack Munition) weapons. In reality this is simply a guidance kit strapped on to the old 1950’s era weapons family you dropped in Strike 1.? But it makes a difference.

你的下一次打擊將有所不同，你將推進(jìn)大約50年，使用一些現(xiàn)代JDAM（聯(lián)合直接攻擊彈藥）武器。事實上，它只是在60年代舊武器基礎(chǔ)上加上了制導(dǎo)套件，就是你在第一次打擊中投擲的那種。但制導(dǎo)套件讓它與之前大不相同。

First a little bit on weapon names: We will consider Warsaw Pact and other bombs in further tutorials but in this instance - the standard bomb in NATO is the American Mark-80 series:

首先介紹一下武器名稱：我們將在之后的教程中談及華約及其他類型的炸彈，在本回教程中，我們介紹北約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)炸彈，美國Mk-80系列：

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·???????? Mark 81 – nominal weight 250 pounds (113 kg)

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·???????? Mark 82 – nominal weight 500 pounds (227 kg)

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·???????? Mark 83 – nominal weight 1,000 pounds (454 kg)

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·???????? Mark 84 – nominal weight 2,000 pounds (907 kg)

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The Mk 81 (Firecracker) was used in Viet Nam but not much after that and is no longer produced.

Mk 81曾在越南使用，但之后不久就不再生產(chǎn)了。

The Mk 82 the most popular of this series due to its small size allowing more to be carried by many different aircraft types and the low blast radius which keeps a limit on collateral damage, critical in many modern operations

Mk 82是該系列中最受歡迎的型號，因為它的尺寸小，可以讓很多不同類型的飛機(jī)攜帶更多的武器，而且爆炸半徑小，可以限制附帶損害，這在許多現(xiàn)代作戰(zhàn)中都是至關(guān)重要的

The Mk 83, although regularly used by the US Navy, is not popular with most other forces.? It doesn’t have the striking power of the Mk 84, but causes more unintentional damage than the Mk 82.

Mk 83雖然經(jīng)常被美國海軍使用，但不受大多數(shù)其他部隊的歡迎。它沒有Mk 84的打擊力，還比Mk 82造成更多的附帶損傷。

The Mk 84, when you need to hit something hard you use this bomb.

Mk 84，當(dāng)你需要猛烈打擊時，你可以使用這個炸彈。

Added to all of these bombs are guidance kits, either laser, GPS or both, and/or delivery systems that either slow the bomb down, allowing a lower altitude delivery (Snakeye) or a penetration capability (BLU109).

除了所有這些炸彈外，還有激光、GPS或兩者的制導(dǎo)套件，和/或可以減緩炸彈速度的投送系統(tǒng)，從而實現(xiàn)低空投送（Snakeye）或突防能力（BLU109）。

For this mission you have one F-16 with two GBU31(V)3/B JDAM (BLU-109/B) with a Sniper XR Pod[FLIR] and an AN/ALQ-184 Pod as well. Let’s break all that down:

在本次任務(wù)中，您有一架F-16，攜帶兩枚GBU31（V）3/B JDAM（BLU-109/B），一個Sniper XR吊艙[FLIR]和一個AN/ALQ-184吊艙。讓我們把這一切分解：

·???????? GBU: Guided Bomb Unit

·GBU：制導(dǎo)炸彈單元

·???????? 31: for a Mk 84

·31：裝載Mk 84炸彈

·???????? (V)3/B: guidance kit version

·（V）3/B：指導(dǎo)套件版本號

·???????? JDAM: GPS Guided - For more detail go here.

·JDAM:GPS引導(dǎo)-更多詳情請點(diǎn)擊此處（譯者注：此處為超鏈接，指向http://www.designationsystems.net/dusrm/app5/jdam.html ，是關(guān)于JDAM各種詳細(xì)介紹，全英）。

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·???????? BLU-109/B – Penetrator fuse

·BLU-109/B–引信種類

·???????? Sniper XR Pod[FLIR]: Targeting pod [Forward Looking Infra Red] – detail here

·Sniper XR吊艙[FLIR]：瞄準(zhǔn)吊艙[前視紅外]-此處詳細(xì)信息（譯者注：此處為超鏈接，指向https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/mfc/photo/sniper-pod/feature/mfc-sniper-product-card.pdf 應(yīng)該是洛克希德·馬丁公司的狙擊手吊艙產(chǎn)品介紹頁，但截至翻譯時該網(wǎng)頁已404，當(dāng)前關(guān)于狙擊手吊艙產(chǎn)品介紹的網(wǎng)址為https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed-martin/mfc/pc/sniper-pod/mfc-sniper-atp-pc-01.pdf）

·???????? AN/ALQ-184 Pod: An Electronic Countermeasures Pod (ECM)

·AN/ALQ-184吊艙：電子對抗吊艙（ECM）

?Now as far as targets you have two ‘Hardened Aircraft Shelters’ – the perfect target for a 2000lb penetrator: They were almost made for each other!

現(xiàn)在你的目標(biāo)是兩個“硬化飛機(jī)掩體”——這是2000磅侵徹彈的完美目標(biāo)：它們基本上就是為破壞機(jī)堡而制造的！

Launch your second strike jet and move it towards the target please.

請起飛第二架攻擊機(jī)，并命令其向目標(biāo)移動。

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第四次彈窗：

Now in this strike your going to be a little more precise with the targeting.

現(xiàn)在，在這次打擊中，你將更加精確地瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)。

·???????? Select the aircraft Strike #2.

·選擇飛機(jī)Strike#2。

·???????? Hit ‘Shift+F1’.

·單擊“Shift+F1”。

·???????? Drag-select both targets labelled Target 2.

·選擇標(biāo)記為“Target 2”的兩個目標(biāo)。

·???????? The Weapon Allocation dialog appears. It has four main areas:

·出現(xiàn)“武器分配”對話框。它有四個主要領(lǐng)域：

o?? The top of the left column lists your attacking units.

o左列頂部列出了你的攻擊單位。

o?? The bottom of the left column lists your targets.

o左列底部列出了您的目標(biāo)。

o?? The centre column are the suitable weapons.

o中柱是合適的武器。

o?? The right column is for confirmation (and some other stuff we will get to later).

o右欄用于確認(rèn)（以及稍后將討論的其他內(nèi)容）。

·???????? Select the unit (Strike #2) in the upper left column.

·選擇左上欄中的單位（Strike#2）。

·???????? Select one of the targets in the lower left column.

·選擇左下欄中的目標(biāo)。

·???????? Select the GBU-31 in the Centre column (we will strafe with guns later).

·在“中心”列中選擇GBU-31（不用管列表里的機(jī)炮，之后會教）。

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·???????? At the bottom of the centre column are three bars, the top one ‘Allocate weapons to selected Target(s)’ is the one we want – put a ‘1’ in the selector window.

·中心欄底部有三個欄，最上面的一個“為選定目標(biāo)分配武器”是您要選擇的——在選擇窗口中輸入“1”。

·???????? Press the button bar in the previous step.

·按上一步中的按鈕欄。

·???????? Both sections of the right-hand column should indicate that 1xGBU-31 is allocated to the target.

·右側(cè)列的兩個部分應(yīng)指示1xGBU-31已分配給目標(biāo)。

·???????? Select the second target in the lower left column.

·選擇左下欄中的第二個目標(biāo)。

·???????? You should have one bomb left, allocate it to this target.

·你應(yīng)該還剩一枚炸彈，分配給這個目標(biāo)。

·???????? If something has gone wrong, you can de-allocate your weapons and go back to the start of the process.

·如果出了問題，您可以取消分配您的武器，然后返回流程的開始。

·???????? Close the box with the ‘X’ in the upper right corner.

·關(guān)閉右上角帶有“X”的對話框。

That’s it. Now you can watch to see what happens as your pilot earns his paycheck for the day.

就是這樣?，F(xiàn)在你可以觀察一下當(dāng)你的飛行員賺取當(dāng)天的薪水時他在做什么。

第五次彈窗：

By now you should note a couple of things:

現(xiàn)在，您應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

·???????? Strike #1, once his ammunition was expended automatically returned to base (RTB), you can change this behavior through the doctrine interface but for now we will leave it alone. And

·Strike #1的彈藥耗盡后會自動返回基地（RTB），你可以通過條令界面改變這種行為，但現(xiàn)在我們將不做任何改變。

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·?? Strike #2 has two circles around it: a red circle representing its Air to Air weapons range and a brown one representing its Air to surface weapons range.? Strike #1 had these as well but you probably only noticed the red A2A circle.? Since your current load of JDAMs has a 12nm range the circle is apparent and useful.? We are not going to be bothered by enemy aircraft lets turn the A2A circle off.

·Strike #2會顯示兩個環(huán)：紅色環(huán)代表其空對空武器射程，棕色環(huán)代表其空對地武器射程。Strike #1也有這些，但你可能只注意到紅色A2A環(huán)。由于您當(dāng)前的JDAM負(fù)載范圍為12nm，因此圓圈非常明顯，對您非常有用。這里我們不會被敵機(jī)打擾，因此可以關(guān)閉A2A環(huán)顯示。

Go to the Map Settings menu and uncheck ‘Air Weapons’.? The red circle disappears. You will note that you can turn on or off any one of the range circles – these are for you to use as you need or wish, feel free to experiment with whatever helps you with your battle. The Sensor ranges won’t appear unless you turn your radars on (F9, unit menu or sensor button on the right). You don’t have sonar on an F-16 so I wouldn’t sweat that one.

轉(zhuǎn)到地圖設(shè)置菜單，取消選中“空中武器”。紅色環(huán)消失。你會注意到，你可以打開或關(guān)閉任何一個范圍環(huán)——這些環(huán)供你根據(jù)需要使用，您可以隨時嘗試任何有助于你戰(zhàn)斗的東西。除非您打開雷達(dá)（按F9，或者用右側(cè)的單位菜單或傳感器按鈕），否則傳感器范圍不會顯示。F-16上沒有聲納，所以不用管。

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第六次彈窗：

OK, modern weapons are so much easer to use.? Now it is unlikely you killed both targets but you should have at least hit both. So each of the JDAMs have a damage ability of 363 DP, and each of the HAS have 350 DP, so in theory one bomb per target – right? Wrong! Well sort of.?

好吧，現(xiàn)代武器更容易使用?，F(xiàn)在你不太可能同時殺死這兩個目標(biāo)，但你至少應(yīng)該同時命中這兩個。每個JDAM的損傷能力為363DP，每個HAS的抗損能力為350DP，所以理論上一枚炸彈消滅一個目標(biāo)，對吧？很遺憾，這是錯誤的。

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To achieve the maximum effect depends on a large number of factors which are modeled in the game through a series of factors and dice roles.? The message log will help give you clues: In one example:

要取得戰(zhàn)果，得經(jīng)過游戲中一系列環(huán)境和對象的隨機(jī)數(shù)演算。消息日志將幫助您獲得相關(guān)線索：在這個示例中：

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7:40:05 AM - 7:40:05 AM - 37% penetration achieved

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7:40:05 AM-7:40:05 AM-37%的侵徹率

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7:40:05 AM - 7:40:05 AM - Weapon: GBU-31(V)3/B JDAM [BLU-109/B] #56 has impacted Target 2.

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7:40:05AM-上午7:40:55-武器：GBU-31（V）3/B JDAM[BLU-109/B]#56已經(jīng)攻擊Target 2。

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7:39:49 AM - 7:39:49 AM - Weapon: GBU-31(V)3/B JDAM [BLU-109/B] #55 missed Target 2 by 75ft

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上午7:39:49-上午7:39:39-武器：GBU-31（V）3/B JDAM[BLU-109/B]#55偏離Target 2 75英尺

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So one of my JDAMs missed by a massive 75ft (about 10% of the miss distance in Strike #1), who knows why – a gust of wind, problem with the GPS, hit a bird! That HAS survived with light damage, good chance that the HAS did its job and protected any aircraft inside.

因此，我的一枚JDAM以75英尺（約為Strike #1誤差距離的10%）的大距離脫靶，誰知道為什么——可能是一陣風(fēng)，也可能是GPS出了問題，甚至可能是擊中了一只鳥！機(jī)堡中的這架飛機(jī)幸存下來，只有一點(diǎn)受損，大概是HAS完成了任務(wù)，保護(hù)了里面的飛機(jī)。

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The other JDAM hit the target and penetrated (37%). That HAS, is on fire and has heavy damage.? Chances are any aircraft inside would be destroyed or at least damaged.

另一個JDAM擊中目標(biāo)并穿透（37%）。機(jī)堡著火了，損壞嚴(yán)重。里面的任何飛機(jī)都有可能被徹底摧毀或至少被嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。

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Thankfully there were no malfunctions and both bombs worked. The lesson is that in precision strikes one bomb for one target is no guarantee of a kill.

不過幸好炸彈沒有發(fā)生故障，兩枚炸彈都起了作用。教訓(xùn)是，在精確打擊中，一枚炸彈擊中一個目標(biāo)并不能保證會被炸死。

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Moving on to Strike #3

來，起飛打擊#3

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This strike is something a bit different, you’re going to use ‘Cluster Munitions’ or CBU-105, WCMD specifically (Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser). These are designed for top attack on tanks and other armoured vehicles.

這次打擊有點(diǎn)不同，你將使用“集束彈藥”或CBU-105（注：此處原文有超鏈接，指向https://defencyclopedia.com/2015/06/12/cbu-105-sensor-fuzed-weapon-usafs-ultimate-tank-buster/ ?），特別是WCMD（風(fēng)力修正彈藥布撒器）。這些是為坦克和其他裝甲車輛的頂部攻擊而設(shè)計的。

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You may have read or heard that cluster munitions are ‘outlawed’ by the Geneva Convention.? That is not specifically true, you can read the detail here. The focus of the ban is to eliminate munitions that leave the equivalent of Anti-personal mines on the battlefield, such as many early generation munitions with high dud rates did.? Many modern CBUs comply with paragraph 2.c and are specifically targeted, have self destruct or deactivation mechanisms or are generally much more reliable then older munitions.

你可能已經(jīng)讀到或聽說過《日內(nèi)瓦公約》規(guī)定集束彈藥為“非法”。這不完全正確，您可以在這里（譯者注：此處原文有超鏈接，應(yīng)該是集束彈藥公約官網(wǎng)中公約適用范圍的英文原文，原網(wǎng)址為http://www.clusterconvention.org/files/2011/01/Convention-ENG.pdf 截至翻譯時該網(wǎng)址已失效，當(dāng)前網(wǎng)址應(yīng)為https://www.clusterconvention.org/files/convention_text/Convention-ENG.pdf#page=4 在當(dāng)前版本公約正文第4頁頁首，有下文中提到的公約2.c款相關(guān)內(nèi)容。）閱讀詳細(xì)信息。禁令的重點(diǎn)是消除那些在戰(zhàn)場上留下大量未爆彈，讓區(qū)域內(nèi)充滿不止何時引爆的地雷的那些集束彈藥，例如許多啞彈率高的早期彈藥。許多現(xiàn)代CBU符合第2.c款的規(guī)定，并且是專門針對性的，具有電子自毀或自行失效機(jī)制，或者至少比老式彈藥更可靠。

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So you have an Anti-Tank cluster munition, and you have two lonely tank troops as a target – Launch please and get Strike 3 moving towards the target.

所以放心吧，你現(xiàn)在可以使用反坦克集束彈藥，而且有兩個相互獨(dú)立的坦克部隊作為你的目標(biāo)——請起飛Strike #3，讓其向目標(biāo)移動。

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第七次彈窗：

OK, now that Strike #3 is airborne, lets adjust our doctrine a little bit.

好的，現(xiàn)在Strike #3已經(jīng)升空，讓我們稍微調(diào)整一下我們的作戰(zhàn)條令。

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·???????? Game Menu/Side Doctrine

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o?? Right column under Air Operations, most of the way down ‘A/G strafing (gun)’ - change to ‘Yes’.

o“空中作戰(zhàn)”下的右欄，將 “A/G strafing (gun)” 的下拉欄-改為“Yes”。

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o?? Close the Doctrine window

o關(guān)閉條令窗口

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·???????? Select Strike #3

·選擇Strike #3

·???????? Hit ‘F1’ and drag-select the two Tank troops marked Target 3

·點(diǎn)擊“F1”并選擇標(biāo)記為Target 3的兩個坦克部隊

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You may have noticed that the tank units (you can tell that they’re tank units by the little ‘Tank Track’ symbol if you’re using NTDS symbols) have the number ‘3’ next to their upper left side.? This represents the number of actual tanks that the unit contains. When you fire a weapon at the unit, a ‘1’ will appear in the lower left side to represent the number of weapons that unit has allocated to it.

您可能已經(jīng)注意到，坦克單位（如果您使用NTDS符號，可以通過小“坦克軌道”符號來判斷它們是坦克單位）的左上角旁邊有數(shù)字“3”。這表示該單元包含的實際儲罐數(shù)量。當(dāng)你向該單位發(fā)射武器時，左下方會出現(xiàn)一個“1”，代表該單位分配給它的武器數(shù)量。

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By the way – when using NTDS symbols, infantry is represented by a large ‘X’ depicting the crossed belts of a Napoleonic soldier and artillery is represented by a dot to represent a cannon ball.

順便說一句，當(dāng)使用NTDS符號時，步兵用一個大“X”表示，表示拿破侖士兵的交叉腰帶，炮兵用一個圓點(diǎn)表示炮彈。

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第八次彈窗：

Strike 4

Strike 4 will be using a very modern version of a bomb: The SDB Small Diameter Bomb first fielded in 2006, is truly a weapon designed for the ‘current fight’ or Counter Insurgency Operations COIN.? It is smaller than the defunct Mk 81 at only 200lbs, but it has a range of 60nm and is very accurate.

Strike 4將使用一種非?，F(xiàn)代的炸彈：SDB小直徑炸彈。它于2006年首次亮相，是真正為“現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)斗”或“反叛亂行動（COIN）”設(shè)計的武器。它比鐵炸彈Mk 81還要小，只有200磅，但它有60海里的射程而且非常精確。

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You have 8 x GBU-39/B SDBs and 6 small buildings to destroy.? Use your munitions frugally to destroy all buildings

你有8個GBU-39/B SDB和6個小型建筑要摧毀。節(jié)約使用彈藥試著摧毀所有建筑物。

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第九次彈窗：

So your attack order gave the pilot two targets, and he followed his Weapons Release Authority (WRA) and released both CBUs on one tank troop, which has a ‘Missile Defence estimate’ of 4 (see DB). So once you watch the cool CBU graphics destroy one of the tank units, you are left with one tank unit alive and well.? Time to strafe him.

你的攻擊命令給了飛行員兩個目標(biāo)，他依照他的武器釋放條令（WRA）向一個坦克部隊打出了兩個CBU，其“導(dǎo)彈防御估值”為4（見DB）。因此，一旦你看到酷炫的CBU圖形摧毀了其中一個坦克單位，你應(yīng)該只剩下一個坦克目標(biāo)了。是時候照顧他了。

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·???????? Select the aircraft Strike #3

·選擇飛機(jī) Strike #3

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·???????? Hit the ‘U’ key.? He was in an RTB state so you have just unassigned him from that order

·按“U”鍵。他處于RTB狀態(tài)（返回基地狀態(tài)），你按U鍵取消了他當(dāng)前的返回基地狀態(tài)。

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·???????? Hit ‘Shift+F1’ and select the remaining tank unit

·點(diǎn)擊“Shift+F1”并選擇剩下的那個坦克單位

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·???????? Strike #3 should already be selected, as is the only target.? Click on the 20mm/85 Vulcan Burst in the suitable weapons column

· Strike #3 應(yīng)該已經(jīng)被選中了，現(xiàn)在也只有他了。點(diǎn)擊武器欄中的20mm/85火神炮

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·???????? Click on the bottom bar ‘Allocate all weapons of this type’

·單擊底部欄“Allocate all weapons of this type’（分配所有此類武器）”

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·???????? Double check that all 5 available bursts (500 rounds of Vulcan cannon) are allocated and close the box.

·再次檢查是否分配了所有5個可用的基數(shù)（500發(fā)火神炮彈），最后關(guān)閉窗口。

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·???????? Sit back and watch as the aircraft adopts the appropriate altitude and begins to engage

·現(xiàn)在可以看著飛機(jī)自動選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母叨炔㈤_始接戰(zhàn)

第十次彈窗：

Mobile targets are the next task.? Older JDAMs, many guided weapons and certainly dumb bombs have a hard time striking these targets.? Fortunately, the F-16 has the ability to use AGM-65 (Air Ground Munition), the Maverick missile.? This is based on a 1970’s design but has gone through significant improvement, details here, , it is good for much more than moving targets but it is one of the few pre 2000 weapons that can reliably hit movers.

下一個任務(wù)是打擊移動目標(biāo)。鐵炸彈、早期型號的JDAM、以及其他許多制導(dǎo)武器很難擊中這些目標(biāo)。幸運(yùn)的是，F-16能夠使用AGM-65“小牛”導(dǎo)彈。該導(dǎo)彈基于20世紀(jì)70年代的設(shè)計，但已經(jīng)過了重大改進(jìn)，需要注意的是，小牛導(dǎo)彈是2000年以前為數(shù)不多的能夠可靠打擊移動目標(biāo)的武器之一。

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You have two moving cars to strike and 2 missiles to do it with.? Engage.

你有兩輛移動的汽車作為目標(biāo)，手頭有兩枚導(dǎo)彈能用。打吧。

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Now might be a good time to check how your doing.? Don’t worry, this is a basic tutorial and you will win, but it is always nice to know how the fight is going. In COMMAND, scenario designers have complete latitude in how they score a scenario, which is fantastic – but it does take awhile for a player to get used to.? In some of my scenarios the player is likely to get his/her butt kicked, so I adjust the scores so you can measure how well you are losing – if that makes any sense at all.

現(xiàn)在可能是檢查你的表現(xiàn)的好時機(jī)。別擔(dān)心，這是一個基礎(chǔ)教程，所以你一定會贏的，但知道戰(zhàn)斗如何進(jìn)行總是很好的。在COMMAND中，想定設(shè)計者在如何為場景打分方面擁有完全的自由度，這非常好——但玩家確實需要一段時間才能適應(yīng)。在我的一些想定中，玩家很可能會遭遇損失，所以我調(diào)整了分?jǐn)?shù)，這樣你就可以衡量你輸?shù)迷趺礃?/span>——如果這有任何意義的話。

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So in this scenario you get 10 Victory Points (VP) for every target you destroy and you achieve a Triumph by destroying 15 of them. Sometimes you get points for achieving missions, preventing the opposing force from doing something or preserving your assets.? Totally up to the designer.? Some players don’t really pay attention to point scores, neither do some designers, in this case if it feels good – you’ve won.

在這個想定中，你摧毀的每一個目標(biāo)都會獲得10個勝利點(diǎn)（VP），摧毀其中的15個目標(biāo)，你就能獲得完全勝利。有時，你會因為完成任務(wù)、阻止對方部隊行動或保護(hù)你的資產(chǎn)而獲得分?jǐn)?shù)。這完全取決于想定設(shè)計者。有些玩家并不真正關(guān)注分?jǐn)?shù)，有些想定設(shè)計者也不關(guān)注分?jǐn)?shù)，在這種情況下，如果感覺不錯的話——你贏了。

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So to check how you’re doing as measured against the designer’s idea of how the scenario should unfold, go to Game Menu/Scoring:

因此，要根據(jù)設(shè)計師關(guān)于場景應(yīng)該如何展開的想法來檢查你的表現(xiàn)，請轉(zhuǎn)到Game Menu/Scoring：

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·???????? The first tab is the ‘Evaluation’ which goes from Disaster to Triumph, here you are Average because the point score is ‘0’;

·第一個標(biāo)簽是“Evaluation”（評價），從“災(zāi)難性的失敗（Disaster）”到“完全勝利（Triumph）”，這里是“平平無奇（Average）”，因為總評分是“0”；

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·???????? The next tab is the ‘Losses and Expenditures’ readout which shows what you have expended in munitions and what you have killed.? And the same for each side in the game, and there could be many sides depending on how complex the scenario is.? Be advised that there is a bit of a ‘spoiler’ or ‘cheat’ on this tab – it will show exactly what you have killed, even though you may not have received accurate BDA (Bomb Damage Assessment) on your strikes. So if you don’t want to bend the rules of physics, don’t look at this page until the end of the game. If you want to learn effects of munitions or what the heck has been giving you all those problems, take a look – its your game. You can also get to this screen directly from the Game menu.

·下一個標(biāo)簽是“Losses and Expenditures”讀數(shù)，顯示你在彈藥上花費(fèi)了什么以及你殺死了什么。游戲中的每一方都是一樣的，可能會有很多方，這取決于場景的復(fù)雜程度。請注意，此選項卡上有一點(diǎn)“劇透”或“欺騙”——它將準(zhǔn)確顯示您所殺的東西，即使您可能沒有收到準(zhǔn)確的BDA（炸彈傷害評估）。所以，如果你不想違背物理學(xué)的規(guī)則，在游戲結(jié)束之前不要看這一頁。如果你想了解彈藥的效果，或者這些問題到底給你帶來了什么，看看吧——這就是你的游戲結(jié)果。您也可以直接從游戲菜單進(jìn)入此屏幕。

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·???????? Finally; the ‘Scoring Log’ will give you an event by event countdown of how you gained and lost points.

·最后；“Scoring Log”將為您提供一個事件記錄，記錄您的得分和失分情況。

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Ever used the saying “I feel like a million bucks!”?? Well at $1.5 Million each the JASSM (Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile), is a truly capable munition, just don’t expect too many of them. The AGM-158 has a range of 215nm so is certainly a standoff weapon, it has a sub-sonic terrain following cruise and a double warhead – one to penetrate and one to destroy.

有沒有說過“我感覺自己值一百萬美元！”？JASSM（聯(lián)合空對地防區(qū)外導(dǎo)彈）每枚價值150萬美元，是真的值這個價的彈藥，但也不要期待太多。AGM-158的射程為215海里，因此無疑是一種防區(qū)外武器。它是一款亞音速地形匹配巡航導(dǎo)彈并且擁有雙彈頭設(shè)計——一個用于穿透目標(biāo)防御，另一個用于摧毀目標(biāo)。

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For this one fly towards the target, out past Target 2 and you will get another message outlining what you should do for the attack.

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對于這一次打擊，您先飛向目標(biāo)，飛到目標(biāo)2的大致位置，你將收到下一條信息，概述你應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對攻擊。

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OK now follow this procedure:

好，現(xiàn)在執(zhí)行以下步驟：

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·???????? Select the aircraft Strike #6

·選擇飛機(jī)Strike #6

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·???????? Hit ‘Shift+F1’, drag select the two targets to bring up the Weapons Allocation dialogue

·點(diǎn)擊“Shift+F1”，選擇兩個目標(biāo)以打開武器分配對話框

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·???????? Assign one JASSM to each target

·為每個目標(biāo)分配一個JASSM

·???????? Now in the lower right box, select the JASSM that is assigned to one of the targets

·現(xiàn)在在右下角的框中，選擇分配給其中一個目標(biāo)的JASSM

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·???????? The ‘Plot course’ option becomes available, press this button

·“Plot course（繪制航路點(diǎn)）”選項變?yōu)榭捎?，按下此按鈕

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·???????? Your now on the map screen and each cursor click becomes a waypoint, maximum 10 and you cannot exceed the range of the weapon

·你現(xiàn)在在地圖屏幕上，每次點(diǎn)擊光標(biāo)都會變成一個航路點(diǎn)，最多10次，你不能超過武器的射程

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·???????? Plot a course and do the same for the second weapon. If you don’t like your course, click on clear course and do it again.

·繪制一條路線，并對第二件武器進(jìn)行同樣的操作。如果您不喜歡您的課程，請單擊“清除課程”并重試。

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·???????? Once you’re happy close the box and watch them fly.? This is a great way of getting around defences.

·如果您要結(jié)束繪制，那直接關(guān)閉窗口就可以了，它們將會自動沿航路飛行。這是繞過防空的好方法。

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This is not really a strike but once you launch your aircraft (Strike #7) fly it toward the target and when you get a few miles out of the base, hit ‘Cntl+F1’ this is a Bering only Launch and you should launch your MALD (Miniature Air-Launched Decoy), anywhere you would like. This is another useful technique you will need to penetrate heavily defended areas.

接下來的不是真正的對地打擊，您可以發(fā)射您的飛機(jī)（Strike #7），將其飛向您指定的目的地，當(dāng)它離開基地幾英里時，按下“Cntl+F1”，這是MALD（小型空射誘餌）唯一的發(fā)射方式，你可以在任何你想要發(fā)射的地方發(fā)射它。當(dāng)你需要穿透防守嚴(yán)密的區(qū)域時，這是一種相當(dāng)有用的技術(shù)裝備。

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After this you have several aircraft about to be ready so you should feel free to play around with the different weapons on board to destroy any targets on the range

在這之后，你還有幾架飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)備就緒，你可以隨意使用它們上面的不同武器來摧毀射程內(nèi)的各種目標(biāo)。

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You’re are now qualified to Bomb stuff!

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總之，你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有進(jìn)行轟炸的資質(zhì)了！