中英文稿

幾年前，?我做了一些非常勇敢的事，?或許有些人會說很愚蠢的事。?我參選國會議員。

很多年來，我安全地存在于 政治活動背后?作為資金籌集人，作為組織者，?但我的內(nèi)心， 我一直希望參選。?我所在選區(qū)的國會議員女士 從1992年起擔任這個職務。?她從未輸過一場選戰(zhàn)，?沒有人真正認真地 在民主選舉中與她競爭。?但在我心中，這就是我?創(chuàng)造不同的方式，?改變現(xiàn)狀。?民意調(diào)查，然而， 顯示出完全不同的故事。?我的民調(diào)專家告訴我 我要參選簡直瘋了，?我不可能會贏。

但我還是參選了，?在2012年，我成了崛起的新秀 參選紐約市國會競選。?我發(fā)誓我會贏。?我得到了《紐約每日新聞》的認可，?《華爾街日報》刊登了我在選舉日的照片，?美國全國廣播公司財經(jīng)頻道稱之為 全國范圍內(nèi)最熱的選戰(zhàn)。?我從我認識的每個人那里籌錢，?包括印度阿姨們?她們很高興一個印度女生參選。?但選舉日，民調(diào)是對的，?我只拿到了19%的選票，?那張曾稱我為新興政治明星的報紙?現(xiàn)在卻說我浪費了130萬美金?在6321張選票上。?不要算數(shù)字。?太丟臉了。

現(xiàn)在，在你們得到錯誤觀點前，?這不是一個講述 失敗有多重要的演說。?也不是說女孩要向前一步。?我講述的故事是 我如何參選國會議員的?因為我只有33歲?這是我人生中第一次?做出真正勇敢的事，?沒有擔心完美。

我不是一個人：?太多女士曾告訴我?她們多么被職業(yè)和專業(yè)吸引?她們知道她們會做得很好，?她們知道她們會非常完美，?不足為奇。?絕大多數(shù)的女孩被教育 來規(guī)避風險和失敗。?我們被教育要有漂亮的微笑，?不要冒險，課程拿全A。?男孩們，另一方面來說，?被教育成要更加勇猛， 沖擊更高的目標，?爬上單杠最高的那層然后往下跳。?當他們成長為大人，?無論他們是在談判加薪 或是約某人出去玩，?他們習慣于接受一個一個挑戰(zhàn)。?他們也為此得到回報獎賞。?在矽谷有這樣的說法，?沒人把你當回事 除非你創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗兩次以上。?另一句話說，?我們教育培養(yǎng)女孩子們追求完美，?我們教育培養(yǎng)男孩子們要勇敢。

有些人擔心我們的聯(lián)邦赤字，?但是，我擔心我們的勇氣赤字。?我們的經(jīng)濟，我們的社會， 我們在遭受損失，?因為我們沒有教育女孩子們要勇敢。?勇氣赤字就是為什么女性 在科學技術工程數(shù)學（STEM）領域，?在企業(yè)高管層，在董事會，在國會，?在你所看到的任何地方 都未被充分代表。

在1980年代，心理學家Carol Dweck?觀察研究了五年級學生 如何處理一項?對他們來說太困難的作業(yè)。?她發(fā)現(xiàn)，聰明的女孩們很快就放棄了。?智商越高的女孩， 放棄的可能性越大。?男孩們，?將困難的材料視為一個挑戰(zhàn)。?他們?yōu)榇司Τ渑妗?他們更傾向于雙倍努力。

發(fā)生了什么？?嗯，在五年級，?女孩總的來說比男孩 在各個科目的表現(xiàn)都要好，?包括數(shù)學和科學，?所以這不是能力的問題。?不同點在于男孩和女孩 如何看待挑戰(zhàn)。?這不止于五年級。?一份惠普報告指出 男性會遞出工作申請?如果他們只達到60%的招聘要求，?而女性，女性只有在?100%達到招聘要求的時候 才會遞出申請。?百分之百。?這份研究通常會被作為 證據(jù)來說，嗯，?女性需要更多的自信。?但我認為這是證據(jù)?說明女性長期被賦予 追逐完美，?她們太過謹慎了。

即使是當我們雄心勃勃，?即使我們向前一步，?社會對完美的要求?讓我們在職業(yè)發(fā)展中 選擇冒更小的風險。?現(xiàn)在，在計算機和科技領域，?有六十萬個開放申請的工作職位，?女性被拋在了后面，?這也意味著我們的經(jīng)濟 被遠遠拋在了后面?女性可以解決的創(chuàng)新和難題?如果女性被教育要勇敢?而不是完美。

在2012年，我創(chuàng)辦了一家公司 教女孩如何編程，?我發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過教她們?nèi)绾尉幊?我令她們更加勇敢。?編程，是一個無止盡的過程 實驗和錯誤，?試著將對的指令放在合適的地方，?有時只是一個分號?就能決定成功還是失敗。?編碼出錯了隨后七零八落，?時常需要很多很多次試驗?直到那個神奇的時刻?你想要搭建的程序完成了。?它需要持之以恒的努力。?需要接受不完美。

我們立即發(fā)現(xiàn)在項目里?女孩們害怕出錯，?害怕不完美。?每個女孩的指導老師 都和我說一樣的故事。?在第一周， 當女孩們試著學習如何編程，?一個學生叫她過去 她說到，?“我不知道要寫那個編碼?！?當老師看她的屏幕，?會看到一個完全空白的界面。?如果她不知道原因的話， 她也許會想?她的學生在過去的20分鐘里 只是盯著屏幕發(fā)呆。?但如果她點擊幾下撤銷鍵，?他就會看到她的學生 寫了代碼隨后又刪掉了它們。?她嘗試了，她接近目標了，?但是她沒有完全答對。?比起展現(xiàn)她經(jīng)歷的過程，?她寧可什么都不展現(xiàn)。?要么完美要么什么也沒有。

結果顯示女孩們 非常善于編程，?但教給她們?nèi)绾螌懘a 是完全不夠的。

我的朋友Lev Brie， 是哥倫比亞大學的教授?他教授Java編程?他告訴我他對電腦科學學生開放的 咨詢時間里發(fā)生的故事。?當男生們艱難應對一個作業(yè)的時候，?他們會過來然后說，?“教授，我編的程序 出了點問題。”?女生們會過來然后說，?“教授，我出了點問題?！?/p>

我們必須要撤銷 對女性社會化的完美主義，?我們必須要將這和 建立女性支持系統(tǒng)一起?讓女孩們知道 她們并不孤單。?因為再努力地嘗試 也無法修補一個破裂的系統(tǒng)。?太多的女性朋友告訴我，

“我害怕舉手發(fā)言，?我害怕問問題，?因為我不想做那個?那個唯一不懂的人，?那個唯一掙扎的人。?當我們教女孩們要勇敢?我們要有支持她們的系統(tǒng) 來鼓勵她們，?她們會有偉大的成就，?我每天都看到這些事。?舉個例子， 兩個高中學生?制作了一個游戲叫做 衛(wèi)生棉逃亡-- （譯者注：和游戲”神廟逃亡“諧音）?對，衛(wèi)生棉逃亡--?來反對游戲中的月經(jīng)標記?和對女性的歧視。?或是敘利亞難民?她展示了對新國家的愛?制作了一款應用程序 讓美國人輕松了解民調(diào)。?或是一個16歲的女孩 她建立了一套運算系統(tǒng)?來幫助測算癌癥是 良性的還是惡性的，?抱著一絲希望能救她?患癌癥的父親。?這只是成千上萬個例子中的三個，?成千上萬個女孩 被社會化為不完美的，?她們學習如何不斷嘗試， 學著如何持之以恒。?無論她們未來會成為程序員?或是下一個希拉里·克林頓 或是碧昂斯，?她們不會推遲自己的夢想。

這些夢想對我們國家來說 是多么重要。?對美國的經(jīng)濟， 對任何成長中的經(jīng)濟，?對真正的創(chuàng)新開發(fā)，?我們不能丟下半數(shù)的人口。?我們需要社會化地教女孩們 適應習慣不完美，?我們現(xiàn)在開始就要這樣做。?我們不能等到她們 自己去學習如何勇敢?就像我33歲時那樣。?我們要教她們勇敢 在學校?在職業(yè)起步的時期，?在能夠影響她們的人生 以及其他人的人生?重要的時期，?要讓她們知道 她們會被愛被接受?不是因為完美?而是因為充滿勇氣。?我需要你們每個人 告訴你認識的每個年輕女士 --?你的姐妹，你的侄女， 你的雇員，你的同事 --?習慣接受不完美，?因為當我們告訴女孩 不必完美的時候，?我們幫助她們平衡這樣的關系，?我們會有更多勇敢的年輕女士?這些女士為她們自己?和我們每個人建立更好的世界。

克里斯·安德森：Reshma，謝謝你。?這是非常強大的憧憬。 你很有眼光。?現(xiàn)在進行的怎么樣了。?現(xiàn)在有多少女孩 加入了你的項目活動？

Reshma Saujani：是的。 在2012年，有20個女孩參與。?今年，我們有4萬名女孩 來自美國50個州。

這個數(shù)字真的很厲害，?因為去年我們只有7500名女性 拿到電腦科學的學位。?問題很嚴重?所以我們才能快速做出改變。

CA：你和現(xiàn)在會場里一些公司合作?它們歡迎你結業(yè)于 你的項目的學生嗎？

RS：是的，我們有 大概80個合作公司，?從推特到臉書?還有Adobe，IBM，微軟 皮克斯，還有迪斯尼，?我是說，每一家公司。?如果你還沒和我們簽合作， 我會去找你，?因為我們需要每個科技公司?都有能夠編程的女孩 在他們的辦公室工作。

CA：你有一些故事 來自于那些公司?當公司性別更平等的時候?在工程隊，有好事情發(fā)生。

RS：太棒的事情了。?我是說，對我來說這樣的事實 簡直令人發(fā)瘋?85%的消費行為來自于女性。?女性使用社交媒體的比率 是男性的六倍。?我們擁有網(wǎng)絡，?我們未來會創(chuàng)建公司。?我想，當公司的團隊 更加多元化，?他們的工程隊有卓越的女性，?他們會建造美好的建筑， 我們每天都看到這些。

CA：Reshma，你看到了現(xiàn)場觀眾的反應。 你在做卓越又重要的工作。?整個群體都在為你歡呼打氣。 希望你更加成功。謝謝。

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So a few years ago,?I did something really brave,?or some would say really stupid.?I ran for Congress.

For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics?as a fundraiser, as an organizer,?but in my heart, I always wanted to run.?The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.?She had never lost a race,?and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary.?But in my mind, this was my way?to make a difference,?to disrupt the status quo.?The polls, however, told a very different story.?My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run,?that there was no way that I could win.

But I ran anyway,?and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race.?I swore I was going to win.?I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News,?the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day,?and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.?I raised money from everyone I knew,?including Indian aunties?that were just so happy an Indian girl was running.?But on election day, the polls were right,?and I only got 19 percent of the vote,?and the same papers that said I was a rising political star?now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars?on 6,321 votes.?Don't do the math.?It was humiliating.

Now, before you get the wrong idea,?this is not a talk about the importance of failure.?Nor is it about leaning in.?I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress?because I was 33 years old?and it was the first time in my entire life?that I had done something that was truly brave,?where I didn't worry about being perfect.

And I'm not alone:?so many women I talk to tell me?that they gravitate towards careers and professions?that they know they're going to be great in,?that they know they're going to be perfect in,?and it's no wonder why.?Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure.?We're taught to smile pretty,?play it safe, get all A's.?Boys, on the other hand,?are taught to play rough, swing high,?crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.?And by the time they're adults,?whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,?they're habituated to take risk after risk.?They're rewarded for it.?It's often said in Silicon Valley,?no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups.?In other words,?we're raising our girls to be perfect,?and we're raising our boys to be brave.

Some people worry about our federal deficit,?but I, I worry about our bravery deficit.?Our economy, our society, we're just losing out?because we're not raising our girls to be brave.?The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM,?in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress,?and pretty much everywhere you look.

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck?looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment?that was too difficult for them.?She found that bright girls were quick to give up.?The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up.?Bright boys, on the other hand,?found the difficult material to be a challenge.?They found it energizing.?They were more likely to redouble their efforts.

What's going on??Well, at the fifth grade level,?girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,?including math and science,?so it's not a question of ability.?The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge.?And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.?An HP report found that men will apply for a job?if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications,?but women, women will apply?only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications.?100 percent.?This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well,?women need a little more confidence.?But I think it's evidence?that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection,?and they're overly cautious.

And even when we're ambitious,?even when we're leaning in,?that socialization of perfection?has caused us to take less risks in our careers.?And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now?in computing and tech,?women are being left behind,?and it means our economy is being left behind?on all the innovation and problems women would solve?if they were socialized to be brave?instead of socialized to be perfect.

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code,?and what I found is that by teaching them to code?I had socialized them to be brave.?Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error,?of trying to get the right command in the right place,?with sometimes just a semicolon?making the difference between success and failure.?Code breaks and then it falls apart,?and it often takes many, many tries?until that magical moment?when what you're trying to build comes to life.?It requires perseverance.?It requires imperfection.

We immediately see in our program?our girls' fear of not getting it right,?of not being perfect.?Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story.?During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code,?a student will call her over and she'll say,?"I don't know what code to write."?The teacher will look at her screen,?and she'll see a blank text editor.?If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student?spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.?But if she presses undo a few times,?she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.?She tried, she came close,?but she didn't get it exactly right.?Instead of showing the progress that she made,?she'd rather show nothing at all.?Perfection or bust.

It turns out that our girls are really good at coding,?but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia?and teaches intro to Java?tells me about his office hours with computer science students.?When the guys are struggling with an assignment,?they'll come in and they'll say,?"Professor, there's something wrong with my code."?The girls will come in and say,?"Professor, there's something wrong with me."

We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection,?but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood?that lets girls know that they are not alone.?Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.?I can't tell you how many women tell me,

"I'm afraid to raise my hand,?I'm afraid to ask a question,?because I don't want to be the only one?who doesn't understand,?the only one who is struggling.?When we teach girls to be brave?and we have a supportive network cheering them on,?they will build incredible things,?and I see this every day.?Take, for instance, two of our high school students?who built a game called Tampon Run --?yes, Tampon Run --?to fight against the menstruation taboo?and sexism in gaming.?Or the Syrian refugee?who dared show her love for her new country?by building an app to help Americans get to the polls.?Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm?to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant?in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life?because he has cancer.?These are just three examples of thousands,?thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect,?who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance.?And whether they become coders?or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé,?they will not defer their dreams.

And those dreams have never been more important for our country.?For the American economy, for any economy to grow,?to truly innovate,?we cannot leave behind half our population.?We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection,?and we've got to do it now.?We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did?when I was 33 years old.?We have to teach them to be brave in schools?and early in their careers,?when it has the most potential to impact their lives?and the lives of others,?and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted?not for being perfect?but for being courageous.?And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know --?your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --?to be comfortable with imperfection,?because when we teach girls to be imperfect,?and we help them leverage it,?we will build a movement of young women who are brave?and who will build a better world for themselves?and for each and every one of us.

Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you.?It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.?Tell me how it's going.?How many girls are involved now in your program?

Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls.?This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.

And that number is really powerful,?because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science.?Like, the problem is so bad?that we can make that type of change quickly.

CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even,?who are welcoming graduates from your program?

RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners,?from Twitter to Facebook?to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney,?I mean, every single company out there.?And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you,?because we need every single tech company?to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.

CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies?that when you mix in more gender balance?in the engineering teams, good things happen.

RS: Great things happen.?I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact?that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women.?Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.?We own the Internet,?and we should be building the companies of tomorrow.?And I think when companies have diverse teams,?and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams,?they build awesome things, and we see it every day.

CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work.?This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.