榮格(Carl Gustav Jung)箴言

轉(zhuǎn)載自網(wǎng)絡(luò),作者不詳。
著名心理學(xué)家榮格(Carl G. Jung )生前就已經(jīng)獲得了巨大的聲譽(yù),但他卻一直保持著自己的“平民風(fēng)度”而僅僅在精神上顯得是一位“巨人”或“貴族”?!八械娜苏勗挾继孤首匀唬敛谎b腔作勢(shì),不管對(duì)方是名人還是中學(xué)生.他十分民主,一點(diǎn)也不拿架子和自認(rèn)為了不起……凡是與榮格有過私人接觸的人,事后都提到他具有開朗的心情和無與倫比的幽默感. 他的眼睛愉快地閃動(dòng),不時(shí)發(fā)出開心的、富于感染力的笑聲. 他自己風(fēng)趣健談,又能專心聽別人談話,從來不顯得匆忙,從來不顯得心不在焉. 在談話過程中,他對(duì)問題的把握靈活變通,表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練準(zhǔn)確,能夠容忍和接受不同的意見?!?/p>
榮格用了一些特定的詞匯來描述心靈的各個(gè)部分,包括意識(shí)(conscious)和潛意識(shí)(unconscious)在內(nèi)。這些概念源自于他大量的臨床觀察經(jīng)驗(yàn)。榮格概念中的心理圖譜可劃分成兩個(gè)基本的區(qū)塊:意識(shí)與潛意識(shí)。潛意識(shí)又可以進(jìn)一步地區(qū)分為個(gè)人潛意識(shí)和集體潛意識(shí)(collective unconscious),這個(gè)詞至今依然是討論榮格心理學(xué)時(shí)使用最廣泛的詞匯。人類心靈的深度一如外在、“真實(shí)的”、集體意識(shí)的世界一樣的客觀真實(shí)。 心靈有四個(gè)層次:
一、個(gè)人意識(shí)(personal consciousness),或稱日常的覺察; 也稱自我,是人有意識(shí)的心智,是心靈中關(guān)于認(rèn)知、感覺、思考以及記憶的那部分。
二、個(gè)人潛意識(shí)(personal unconscious),其之于個(gè)別心靈而言是獨(dú)特的,但無法被察覺;由心靈中曾經(jīng)被意識(shí)到,但又被壓抑或遺忘,或一開始就沒有形成有意識(shí)的印象構(gòu)成。
三、集體潛意識(shí),是人類心靈普遍存在的結(jié)構(gòu);
四、集體意識(shí)(collective consciousness)的外在世界,有共同價(jià)值與形式的文化世界。 人格中最深、最不易碰觸到得層次。在榮格看來,如同我們每個(gè)人在個(gè)人潛意識(shí)里積累并存放所有個(gè)人記憶檔案那樣,同樣人類集體作為一個(gè)種族,也在集體潛意識(shí)里存放著人類和前人類物種的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
榮格常提到,我深信,心靈的探討必定會(huì)成為未來一門重要的科學(xué)….這是一門我們最迫切需要的科學(xué)。因?yàn)槭澜绨l(fā)展的趨勢(shì)顯示,人類最大的敵人不在于饑荒、地震、病菌或癌癥,而是在于人類本身,因?yàn)椋湍壳岸?,我們?nèi)匀粵]有任何適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?,來防止遠(yuǎn)比自然災(zāi)害更危險(xiǎn)的人類心靈疾病的蔓延?!耙粋€(gè)吸引著我全部的研究興趣,使我激動(dòng)萬分的問題是:在精神疾病的背后,究竟是什么東西在作祟”?“甚至在正常人身上,性格分裂也完全不是什么不可能的事情.因此,我們把人格分裂作為一個(gè)正常心理學(xué)問題,就完全擁有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛? 在我看來,對(duì)上面這一問題的回答應(yīng)該是:這種人根本沒有真正的性格,他不是‘個(gè)體的’而是‘集體的’,是受外部環(huán)境和普遍期待所玩弄擺布的人?!?“個(gè)性化在一定程度上幾乎總是與集體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相沖突,因?yàn)閭€(gè)性化即意味著從一般性中分離和分化出來,建立起自己的特殊性——不是一種‘后來獲得’的特殊性,而是一種業(yè)已根深蒂固地存在于心理構(gòu)造中的特殊性”。榮格治療過大量病人,他晚年回憶,他分析過的夢(mèng),總數(shù)不下八萬。作為一位能夠一直深入到他人靈魂深處的醫(yī)生,許多曾經(jīng)接受過榮格治療的病人,后來雖然恢復(fù)了健康,卻一直保留著對(duì)榮格的深刻記憶。
有當(dāng)事人回憶:在榮格應(yīng)邀去耶魯大學(xué)講學(xué),大禮堂已經(jīng)座無虛席. 聽眾對(duì)榮格的報(bào)告報(bào)之以極大的熱情和興趣. 報(bào)告結(jié)束后,主持報(bào)告會(huì)的一位教授的夫人邀請(qǐng)榮格去家中出席茶會(huì)。茶會(huì)上,她流著眼淚告訴榮格:“你的報(bào)告我沒有聽懂,但我卻深受感動(dòng). 你的聲音、你的舉止、你講話的方式感染了我. 我明白你所說的全是真理. 我無法控制自己,實(shí)在痛快極了?!?在一些人眼中,榮格簡(jiǎn)直就像是一位圣人或“先知”。 有人指出:“無疑,現(xiàn)在有許多人認(rèn)為榮格是一個(gè)有著自己基本教義的新的宗教圣人,在他身上能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)救世主——耶穌基督的特征?!痹趷圩滩×餍?、弗洛伊德的理論事實(shí)上宣告破產(chǎn)后,心理學(xué)界有人評(píng)價(jià)說:”榮格的工作囊括了如此眾多和如此不同的興趣領(lǐng)域,他所產(chǎn)生的影響,迄今只能說剛剛開始.今天,人們對(duì)榮格的興趣正越來越濃厚,特別在年輕一代中更是如此.與此相應(yīng)的是:他的影響的日益增長(zhǎng),迄今也只能說仍然處在早期階段;從現(xiàn)在起,三十年之后,我們可能會(huì)用完全不同的話語來討論他的工作和他的著作.也就是說,榮格是如此領(lǐng)先于他的時(shí)代,以至今天人們也只能逐漸地追趕他的種種發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
榮格箴言(中英文)
Children are educated by what the grown-up is and not by his talk. 兒童的教養(yǎng)源于成人的修為而非說教。
If one does not understand a person, one tends to regard him as a fool. 不理解一個(gè)人,就往往會(huì)把他當(dāng)成傻瓜。
Man needs difficulties; they are necessary for health. 人需要困擾,困擾是心理健康的必需之物。
The most intense conflicts, if overcome, leave behind a sense of security and calm that is not easily disturbed. It is just these intense conflicts and their conflagration which are needed to produce valuable and lasting results.
對(duì)最強(qiáng)烈沖突的克服,使我們獲得一種穩(wěn)定超然的安全與寧?kù)o感。要獲得有益而持久的心理安全與寧?kù)o,所需要的正是這種強(qiáng)烈沖突的大暴發(fā)。
There is no coming to consciousness without pain. 沒有痛苦,就沒有意識(shí)的喚醒。
The most terrifying thing is to accept oneself completely. 最可怕的事情是完全接受自己。
A collection of a hundred great brains makes one big fathead. 集合起一百個(gè)偉大頭腦,就會(huì)得到一個(gè)大傻瓜。
Here we must ask: Have I any religious experience and immediate relation to God, and hence that certainty which will keep me, as an individual, from dissolving in the crowd? 在此我們必須發(fā)問:我是否擁有任何宗教體驗(yàn)、擁有與上帝的直接關(guān)聯(lián),從而獲得一種確然性,使我做為個(gè)體免于消融于群眾?
Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate. 潛意識(shí)如果沒有進(jìn)入意識(shí),就會(huì)引導(dǎo)你的人生而成為你的命運(yùn)。
What is essential in a work of art is that it should rise far above the realm of personal life and speak to the spirit and heart of the poet as man to the spirit and heart of mankind.
藝術(shù)作品應(yīng)當(dāng)超越個(gè)人生活的天地、直面詩人的精神與內(nèi)心深處,如同人直面人類的精神與內(nèi)心。
It is, moreover, only in the state of complete abandonment and loneliness that we experience the helpful powers of our own natures.而且,只有在完全的聽天由命和孤獨(dú)狀態(tài),我們才能體驗(yàn)到我們自身天性的積極力量。
In some way or other we are part of a single, all-embracing psyche, a single “greatest man”.在某種意義上,我們從屬于一個(gè)涵蓋一切的單一心靈、從屬于一個(gè)單一的“總體人”。
What is stirred in us is that faraway background, those immemorial patterns of the human mind, which we have not acquired but have inherited from the dim ages of the past. 在我們的內(nèi)心深處被喚起的,就是那個(gè)久遠(yuǎn)的背景——古老的人類心理模式,它們?cè)从谶z傳而非后天習(xí)得,我們從業(yè)已模糊的往日世代繼承了它們。
Life has always seemed to me like a plant that lives on its rhizome. Its true life is invisible, hidden in the rhizome. The part that appears above ground lasts only a single summer.?.?.?. What we see is the blossom, which passes.The rhizome remains. 我總是感到,生活就象萌發(fā)于地下根莖的植株。生活的真正生命是不可見的,它深藏于地下根莖中,而顯露出地面的可見一斑部分只能生存一個(gè)夏季。我們所見到的是將會(huì)消逝的花簇,而根莖長(zhǎng)駐。
At times I feel as if I am spread out over the landscape and inside things, and am myself living in every tree, in the plashing of the waves, in the clouds and the animals that come and go, in the procession of the seasons.
有時(shí)我會(huì)感到,我伸展開來覆蓋大地、延伸進(jìn)萬物:我感到自己生活在每一棵樹木中、生活在浪花中、生活在往來無定的云朵和動(dòng)物中、生活在季節(jié)的輪回中。
Knowledge does not enrich us; it removes us more and more from the mythic world in which we were once at home by right of birth.知識(shí)不會(huì)使我們更豐富;它使我們?cè)絹碓竭h(yuǎn)離神秘世界——這個(gè)我們?cè)?jīng)的天然家園。
A belief proves to me only the phenomenon of belief, not the content of the belief. 在我看來,一種信仰只是一個(gè)信仰現(xiàn)象,信仰的內(nèi)容無足輕重。
The greatest and most important problems in life are all in a certain sense insoluble. They can never be solved, but only outgrown.在某種意義上,生活中的最重大和最重要問題都是無法解決的。我們無法解決它們,只能在成長(zhǎng)中超越它們。
Your vision will become clear only when you can look into your own heart. Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakens.只有當(dāng)人能夠察看自己的內(nèi)心深處時(shí),他的視野才會(huì)變得清晰起來。向外看的人是在夢(mèng)中、向內(nèi)看的人是清醒的人。
The unconscious is the unwritten history of mankind from time unrecorded. 潛意識(shí)是未曾付諸文字的人類洪荒時(shí)代史。
Man’s task is to become conscious of the contents that press upward from the unconscious.人的任務(wù),就是意識(shí)到從潛意識(shí)中努力向上涌出的內(nèi)容。
The dream is a little hidden door in the innermost and most secret recesses of the soul, opening into that cosmic night which was psyche long before there was any ego-consciousness, and which will remain psyche no matter how far our ego-consciousness extends.夢(mèng)是開設(shè)在靈魂深處最隱蔽角落的小小隱秘窗口,它所通向的宇宙夜空是心靈性的,在自我-意識(shí)出現(xiàn)之前很久就已如此,而無論我們的自我-意識(shí)的疆界如何擴(kuò)展,它將始終通向心靈的夜空。
Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves. 每件促使我們注意到他人的事,都能使我們更好地理解自己。
Nobody, as long as he moves about among the chaotic currents of life, is without trouble. 在生活的洪流中,沒有人是毫無煩惱的。
Nothing has a stronger influence psychologically on their environment and especially on their children than the unlived life of the parent.父母死氣沉沉的生活對(duì)周圍人特別是自己孩子的影響,是無與倫比的。
The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed.兩個(gè)靈魂的相遇就像兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的接觸:一丁點(diǎn)的反應(yīng)就會(huì)徹底改變它們。
We cannot change anything unless we accept it. Condemnation does not liberate, it oppresses. 對(duì)于任何事務(wù),要改變它就要先接受它。譴責(zé)不會(huì)解放而只會(huì)壓迫。
As far as we can discern, the sole purpose of human existence is to kindle a light in the darkness of mere being.在我們視野所及中,人類存在的唯一目的,是在純粹存在的黑暗中燃起一點(diǎn)光亮。
It all depends on how we look at things, and not on how they are themselves. 我們看待事物的方式、而不是事物本身如何,決定著一切。
All the works of man have their origin in creative fantasy. What right have we then to depreciate imagination.人類的所有成就都源于創(chuàng)造性幻想。那么我們沒有權(quán)利輕視想象力。
Sometimes, indeed, there is such a discrepancy between the genius and his human qualities that one has to ask oneself whether a little less talent might not have been better. 確實(shí),天才的天賦和他的人類品質(zhì)有時(shí)會(huì)差異如此巨大,人們不得不懷疑天賦平庸點(diǎn)也許是件好事。
There can be no transforming of darkness into light and of apathy into movement without emotion. 沒有情感,就不會(huì)有黑暗向光明、冷漠向活力的轉(zhuǎn)變。
Creative powers can just as easily turn out to be destructive. It rests solely with the moral personality whether they apply themselves to good things or to bad. And if this is lacking, no teacher can supply it or take its place 。
創(chuàng)造性力量很容易變成破壞性力量。這只取決于人們的道德人格:是用此力量做好事或做壞事。如果人們?nèi)狈@種道德人格,則沒有一種說教能夠提供它或取而代之。
Without freedom there can be no morality. 沒有自由就不會(huì)有道德。
Meaning has an inherent curative power.Meaning affects everything. 意義具有內(nèi)在的治療能力。意義影響到一切事物。
The individual cannot give his life point and meaning unless he puts his ego at the service of spiritual authority superordinate to man.個(gè)體只有使自我向高于人的心靈權(quán)威臣服,才能賦予自己的生命以特質(zhì)和意義。
I could not say I believe. I know! I have had the experience of being gripped by something stronger than myself, something that people call God.我不能夠說我有信仰。但我理解!我曾體驗(yàn)過它:某種比我自己更強(qiáng)大的存在控制了我,那就是人們所稱的“上帝”(當(dāng)被問及是否信仰上帝時(shí)榮格的回答)。
The world hangs on a thin thread, and that thread is the psyche of man. 世界懸于一線,那根線就是人的心靈。
The unconscious is a piece of Nature our mind cannot comprehend. 潛意識(shí)是大自然的一部分,我們的心理無法領(lǐng)悟它。
“Physical” is not the only criterion of truth: there are also psychic truths which can neither be explained nor proved nor contested in any physical way.“物質(zhì)”不是唯一的事實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):還存在心理事實(shí),而且無法以任何的物質(zhì)方式來解釋、證明、或辯駁它。
It is quite possible that we look at the world from the wrong side and that we might find the right answer by changing our point of view and looking at it from the other side, i.e., not from outside, but from inside.
我們完全可能是在從錯(cuò)誤的側(cè)面考察世界,要找到有關(guān)世界的正確答案,也許需要改變視點(diǎn)、從世界的另一面考察它,即從心理內(nèi)部而非心理外部考察。
No matter what the world thinks about religious experience, the one who has it possesses a great treasure, a thing that has become for him a source of life, meaning, and beauty, and that has given a new splendor to the world and to mankind…. Where is the criterion by which you could say that such a life is not legitimate, that such an experience is not valid?無論這個(gè)世界如何看待宗教體驗(yàn),擁有宗教體驗(yàn)的人持有一筆巨大的財(cái)富:它已成為他的生活、意義、以及美的來源,并給予世界和人類一份新的壯麗?!闶歉鶕?jù)什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn),來判定這種人生不合理、這種體驗(yàn)沒有根據(jù)?