不知道有沒有跟我一樣的

英專大三黨

期末考試要考

修辭

嗚嗚 偷偷告訴你我們考試的范圍：

simile，metaphor，personification，hyperbole，periodic sentence，rhetorical question，alliteration，euphemism，parallelism，antithesis，irony，anti-climax，onomatopoeia，metonymy，synecdoche

獨(dú)高分不如眾高分，特此分享自己整理的英語(yǔ)中的修辭（來(lái)自各種網(wǎng)站+上課講等，例句并非原創(chuàng)） 廢話不多說(shuō)，上干貨?。。。。?！

一、明喻（Simile）

是以兩種具有相同特征的事物和現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比，表明本體和喻體之間的相似關(guān)系，兩者都在對(duì)比中出現(xiàn)。常用比喻詞

like, as, as if, as though,seem,similar to, such as

等。 Eg： 1. This elephant is

like

a snake as anybody can see. 這頭象和任何人見到的一樣像一條蛇。 2. He looked

as if

he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看起來(lái)好像剛從我的童話書中走出來(lái)，像一個(gè)幽靈一樣從我身邊走過(guò)。 3. It has long leaves that sway in the wind

like

slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的葉子在風(fēng)中擺動(dòng)，好像伸出纖細(xì)的手指去觸摸什么東西似的。

明喻判斷最簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵詞定位即判斷

二、隱喻（Metaphor）

這種比喻不通過(guò)比喻詞進(jìn)行，而是直接將用事物當(dāng)作乙事物來(lái)描寫，甲乙兩事物之間的聯(lián)系和相似之處是暗含的。 Eg： 1、The diamond department was

the heart and center of the store.

鉆石部是商店的心臟和核心。 2. He is a

pig

.他簡(jiǎn)直是頭豬。（比喻：他是一個(gè)像豬一般的人，指骯臟，貪吃的人。） 3. She is a woman

with a stony heart.

她是一個(gè)鐵石心腸的女人。（比喻：這個(gè)女人冷酷無(wú)情。） 4.Mark Twain is

a mirror of America

.馬克吐溫是美國(guó)的一面鏡子。（用鏡子比喻美國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，很貼切。）高級(jí)英語(yǔ)1 三、提喻（Synecdoche） 提喻大致歸納為四種情況：

a.部分整體互代；

b.以材料代替事物；

c.抽象和具體互代；

d.以個(gè)體代替整類。

Eg： 1. Outside,(there is) a sea of

faces

.外面街上，是人的海洋。（以人體的局部代全體，即以faces 表示people） 2. Have you any

coppers

? 你有錢嗎？（以材料代事物，即以copper銅喻指coin money銅幣） 3. They share the same

roof

.他們住在一起。（以部分代全體，即用roof屋頂，表示house屋子、住宅） 4. He is the

Newton

of this century.他是本世紀(jì)的牛頓。（以個(gè)體代整類，用Newton表示scientist科學(xué)家） 5. It was reported that

China

won the volleyball match.椐報(bào)載：在這次排球賽中，中國(guó)隊(duì)贏了。（以國(guó)家名稱China代該國(guó)球隊(duì)the Chinese Volleyball Team） 6. Life was a

wearing

to him.生活令他感到厭倦。（以抽象代具體，即用wearing喻指a wearing thing令人厭倦的事情) 7.“...saying that it was the most beautiful

tongue

in the world,...” ……他說(shuō)這是世界上最美的語(yǔ)言。這里用具體的“tongue”代替抽象的“l(fā)anguage”。

四、擬人（Personification）

這種修辭方法是把人類的特點(diǎn)、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物擬人，以達(dá)到彼此交融，合二為一。擬人是把生命賦予無(wú)生命的事物. Eg: I was very happy and could hear the

birds singing

in the woods.（把鳥擬人化） 我很高興，也能聽到鳥兒在樹林里唱歌。

五、夸張（Hyperbole）

這是運(yùn)用豐富的想象，過(guò)激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果，也就是夸張化。 Eg:

1.My blood froze.

我的血液都凝固了。

2.When I told our father about this, his heart burst.

當(dāng)我將這件事告訴我們的父親時(shí)，他的心幾乎要迸出來(lái)。

3.You are the whole world to me.

你對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是整個(gè)世界。

六、轉(zhuǎn)喻 (Metonymy)

是指當(dāng)甲事物同乙事物不相類似，但有密切關(guān)系時(shí)，可以利用這種關(guān)系，以乙事物的名稱來(lái)取代甲事物，這樣的一種修辭手段。轉(zhuǎn)喻的重點(diǎn)不是在“相似”；而是在“聯(lián)想”。轉(zhuǎn)喻又稱換喻，或借代。 Eg： 1.The

kettle

boils.壺水開。------以容器代表內(nèi)容 (用the kettle壺，表示 the water in the kettle 壺水) 2.

Grey hairs

should be respected.老人應(yīng)受到尊重。------以個(gè)人的特征代表象征 （用Grey hairs白發(fā)，表示 old people老人) 3.

The pen

is mightier than

the sword.

筆要比劍更鋒利。（用pen筆，表示writing, sword表示war） ---------以資料、工具代表事物 4. a complete

Shakespeare

莎士比亞全集-----以作者代表作品 (用Shakespeare作者代表作品） 七、雙關(guān)語(yǔ)（Pun） 是以一個(gè)詞或詞組，用巧妙的辦法同時(shí)把互不關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種含義結(jié)合起來(lái)，以取得一種意想不到的幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似的詞形、詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn)。 Eg:Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly.拿破侖很驚訝?！耙茨惘偭?，要么我瘋了，”他說(shuō)?！皟蓚€(gè)，先生！”瑞典人驕傲地叫道。 “Both”一詞一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過(guò)拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役。

八、擬聲（Onomatopoeia）

是摹仿自然界中非語(yǔ)言的聲音，其發(fā)音和所描寫的事物的聲音很相似，使語(yǔ)言顯得生動(dòng)，富有表現(xiàn)力

。 Eg： 1、On the root of the school house some

pigeons

were softly

cooing

. 在學(xué)校房屋的屋頂上一些鴿子正輕輕地咕咕叫著。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the

rustling

of silk, the noises of insects, the

creaking

of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接觸到所有夠得著的或者感覺得到的東西，如陽(yáng)光呀，絲綢擺動(dòng)時(shí)的沙沙聲呀，昆蟲的叫聲呀，開門的吱嗄聲呀，親人的說(shuō)話聲呀。

九、反諷（Irony）

是指用含蓄的褒義詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表示其反面的意義，從而達(dá)到使本義更加幽默，更加諷刺的效果。 Eg：

It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上沒有時(shí)間觀念還真是一件好事啊（真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀念） 十、Synaesthesia 通感,聯(lián)覺,移覺（不要求掌握) 這種修辭法是以視.聽.觸.嗅.味等感覺直接描寫事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺溝通起來(lái)，借聯(lián)想引起感覺轉(zhuǎn)移，“以感覺 寫感覺”。 比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微風(fēng)過(guò)處送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。 Eg: 1、The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用視覺形容聽覺，鳥落在樹上，由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到 百合花）鳥兒落在樹上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音。 2、Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅覺形容聽覺） 品嘗Mozart的音樂(lè)。

十一、頭韻法 Alliteration

在文句中有兩個(gè)以上連結(jié)在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音節(jié)有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的節(jié)奏感。 Eg： How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of

struggle, success, and sadness.

他是如何以及為什么來(lái)到新澤西州的普林斯頓的，這是一個(gè)關(guān)于斗爭(zhēng)、成功和悲傷的故事。

十二、Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法

婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話。 Eg: 1、He is out visiting the necessary? 他出去方便一下。 2、His relation with his wife has not been

fortunate

. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽。 3、Deng Xiaoping

passed away

in 1997. （去世） 十三、Parody 仿擬 這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭. Eg: 1、Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. 羅馬不是一天建成，也不是一年建成的。 2、A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.患難見真情。

十四、Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(wèn)（反問(wèn)）

它與疑問(wèn)句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問(wèn)為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的。 Eg: 1、How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note? 2、Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

也就是中文常說(shuō)的反問(wèn)句

十五、Paradox 雋語(yǔ) 這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法,是一種矛盾修辭法。 Eg: 1、More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá) 2、The child is the father to the man.（童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來(lái)）三歲看大，四歲看老。

十六、Antithesis 對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶

這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法。 Eg: 1、You are staying; I am going. 2、Give me liberty, or give me death.

十七、Parallelism 排比, 平行

這種修辭法是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語(yǔ)氣一致的短語(yǔ).句子排列成串,形成一個(gè)整體。 Eg: 1、

No one can be perfectly

free till all are free;

no one can be perfectly

moral till all are moral;

no one can be perfectly

happy till all are happy. 十八、Allegory 諷喻,比方（原意“寓言”） 意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事。 Eg: 1、Make the hay while the sun shines. 表層含義：趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草 真正意味：趁熱打鐵 十九、Climax 漸進(jìn)法,層進(jìn)法 這種修辭是將一系列詞語(yǔ)按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進(jìn),最后達(dá)到頂點(diǎn).可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),逐漸加深讀者印象。 Eg: 1、I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry. 2、Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone. 二十、Anticlimax 漸降法 與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語(yǔ)由大到小,由強(qiáng)到弱地排列. Eg: 1、On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots. 2、The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. 二十一、疊言（Rhetorical repetition） 這種修辭法是指在特定的語(yǔ)境中，將相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，相同意義詞組成句子重疊使用，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣和力量。 Eg： 1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny. 它必須用我們這些對(duì)于未來(lái)，對(duì)于人類以及人類自己創(chuàng)造的偉大命運(yùn)具有信心的人的鮮血和汗水去創(chuàng)造。 2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因?yàn)閮?yōu)良的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和外科手術(shù)意味著更快地治療病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少殘廢。 二十二、

Quotation 引用，這個(gè)跟中文里面一樣

引用某處的句子或段落或某人講的話，一般用雙引號(hào)標(biāo)出 Eg：Franklin said,“If a man empties his purse into his head,no man can take it away from him,an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.” 注意：引用就是引用別人的話，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文經(jīng)常需要引用名人名句去支持你要論證的觀點(diǎn) 中文版本英文翻譯練習(xí)： 1.水，洶涌奔瀉而來(lái)，如箭離弦，如馬脫韁，如猛虎出山，江水出峽了。 The sentence uses 3 obvious smiles to vividly describe the turbulent river, which compares river to an arrow leaving a bow, a horse running free and a tiger leaving the mountains, and then the river water rushes through the gorge. The overall effect is to create a vivid image of the power and force of the river water as it flows through a gorge. 2.單是周圍的短短的泥墻根一帶，就有無(wú)限趣味。油蛉在這里低唱，蟋蟀們?cè)谶@里彈琴。 The sentence uses personification to imbue the surrounding mud wall with life and interest, in which the oil bettles sing lowly and the crickets play music here. The effect is to create a whimsical and imaginative atmosphere. 3.他們看見那些受人尊敬的小財(cái)東，往往垂著一尺長(zhǎng)的誕水。 The sentence uses hyperbole to exaggerate the length of the hanging "water drops" as a sign of respect for the wealthy businessman: They often hang down like a foot-long stream of water to convey the idea that the respect shown to wealthy merchants can be excessive or never-ending. 4.好個(gè)國(guó)民黨政府的“友邦人士”！是些個(gè)什么東西！ The sentence uses irony in which the speaker expresses sarcasm toward the so-called "friendly countries" of the Nationalist government to express the opposite meaning, showing speaker's negative attitude towards the government. 5.善游者溺，善騎者墮。 The sentence uses parodox in which the being skilled at swimming and riding which typically viewed as positive attriutes, can lead to negative outcomes like drowning and falling. It shows the potential danger of being overconfident in one's abilities. 6.外甥打燈籠---照舊（舅） The sentence uses pun in which homophones“舊”and “舅”appear simultaneously to create a humorous effect by using the pun and show the ralationship between the speaker and his uncle. 7.我從鄉(xiāng)下跑到京城里，一轉(zhuǎn)眼已經(jīng)六年了。 The sentence uses hyperbole in which the exaggeration of how fast time elapses is used to imply the speaker's experiences and changes over time and pave a way for what intends to say in the following part. 8.你等會(huì)，我“方便”一下，咱們回頭聊。 The sentence uses euphemism in which the word “方便”means to go to the restroom and the speaker expresses his/her natural desire in a polite and indirect way. It indicates the speaker's politeness and indirectes. 9.吟罷低眉無(wú)寫處，月光如水照緇衣。 The sentences uses simile in which moonlight is compared to water, reflecting its light onto the poet's dark clothing. The comparison creates a vivid and imaginative image which captures the frustration due to no place to write poem and the surprise to notice the beautiful moonlight shining on the poet's clothes. It also uses parallelism, which involves repeating similar language structures in a series of coordinated phrases to emphasize their content and its musicality. 10.五嶺逶迤騰細(xì)浪，烏蒙磅礴走泥丸。 The sentence uses metophor in which the moutains compare to surging waves of the sea and moving mud sphere, creating a vivid and imaginative image that enhances readers' visual impressions and feelings of the mountains.? It also uses parallelism, which involves repeating similar language structures in a series of coordinated phrases to emphasize their content and its musicality. 11.我們都是來(lái)自五湖四海，為了一個(gè)共同的革命目標(biāo)，走到一起來(lái)了。 The sentence is a periodical sentence, using synecdoche as well, in which at the ending of the sentence, we know what the writer wants to convey and?"五湖四海”as a part of world refers to the whole world, emphasing that people are united and strive for the common?

今天的分享就到這里啦！每個(gè)figure of speech都可以揉開細(xì)細(xì)講，如果有時(shí)間或者小伙伴的呼聲高，我們?cè)倮^續(xù)這個(gè)專欄！ 菲菲（我的名字是

Isabelle

)要繼續(xù)死磕期末復(fù)習(xí)啦～拜拜！