·單詞

goddess n.????女生

archaeologist n.????考古學家 (英)

????·archeologist?n.????考古學家?(美)

????·考古相關(guān)相關(guān)詞匯

????????·archaeology/archeology?n.????考古學

????·相關(guān)詞根

????????·詞根：arch(a) = ancient?adj.????古代的

????????????·arcgaic?adj.????（詞，語言風格）古體的；過時的；古代的

????????????? ? ·archaic words? ? 古代的語言

????????????? ? ·archaic civilizations????古代的文明

????????·詞根：(o)logy = to study????去學習

????????????·biology????生物學，bio 表示 life 生命的意思

????????????·geology????地質(zhì)學，geo 表示 earth 大地的意思

????????????·psychology????心理學，psych 表示 mind?精神，心智的意思

????????????·physiology????生理學，physi 表示身體，物理的意思

????????????·anthropology? ? 人類學，anthrop 表示人類學的意思

????????·詞根：-ist "人"

????????????·biologist????生物學家

? ? ????????·geologist? ? 地質(zhì)學家

????????????·psychologist????心理學家，心理學醫(yī)生

? ? ????????·physiologist? ? 生理學家

????????????·anthropologist????人類學家

Aegean adj.????愛琴海的

explore v.????考察，勘探

promontory n.????海角

prosperous adj.????(經(jīng)濟上) 繁榮的，昌盛的

????·a prosperous country/businessman????一個繁榮的國家/一個經(jīng)濟興榮的商人

????·prosperity n.????繁榮????????

????????·economic prosperity????經(jīng)濟繁榮

????????·We'll keep the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong at any cost.

????????????·at any cost????不惜一切代價

????????????·stability?n.????穩(wěn)定

????????·One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.????一百年后的今天，黑人仍然生活在物質(zhì)繁榮的汪洋大海中的一座貧窮的孤島上

????????????·poverty n.????貧窮，貧困

????·prosper vi.????繁榮
????????·A company can’t prosper without investment.? ? 一個公司沒有投資就不會繁榮

????????·prosper?可以替換的單詞

????????????·thrive/flourish????v.????繁榮；（植物或動物）長勢好，茁壯成長

????????????????·plants that thrive/flourish in tropical rainforests.????在熱帶雨林中生長茂盛的植物

????????????????·a thriving/flourishing tourist industry.????興旺的旅游業(yè)????thrive/flourish 的 adj. 形式

civilization n.????文明

storey n.????樓層 (英)?，變復數(shù) -> storeys

????·story?n.????樓層?(美)? ? 變復數(shù) -> stories

????·a two-story house????兩層樓的房子

????·The house is two stories high.????這房子有兩層樓高

????·a multi-story parking lot????一個多層的停車場

????·floor 與 storey 的區(qū)別是

????????·floor 用于表示具體的第幾層

? ? ? ? ·storey?常用來表述一共有多少樓層，不單獨指一層? ?

????·英式與美式表達樓層的不同點

????????·閣樓????attic (英美)

????????·頂層????the top floor?(英美)

????????·...

????????·二層????the first floor?(英)????????the second floor?(美)

????????·一層????the ground floor?(英)????????the first floor?(美)

????????·地下室????basement?(英美)

drainage n.????排水

worship n.????崇拜

sacred adj.????宗教的，神圣的

????·a sacred holiday????一個圣教節(jié)日

????·sacred music????圣歌

????·Mecca is a sacred place.????麥加是一個圣地

????·相同或有關(guān)的詞

????????·holy?adj.????神圣的

????????????·HOLY BIBLE????圣經(jīng)

????????????·holy water????圣水

????????????·a holy war????圣戰(zhàn)

????????·blessed?adj.????神圣的，受上帝保佑的

????????????·the Blessed Virgin Mary????圣母瑪利亞

????????????·It is more blessed to give than to receive.????施比受更有福

????????·divine adj.????神的，神性的，上帝的

????????????·To err is human, to forgive divine.????凡人多舛誤，唯神能見宥????—— Alexander Pope

fragment n.????碎片

remains n.????遺物，遺跡，廢墟；遺體，遺骸

????·the remains of a meal????剩飯

????·the remains of ancient Rome????古羅馬的遺跡

????·His remains are buried in the churchyard.????他的遺體葬在教堂墓地里?(remains 慣用復數(shù))

????·可以表示其余的，剩余的

????????·the rest of sth.????其余的，殘余的 (不強調(diào)殘余，表示剩下的，剩余的)

????????·the remainder?of sth.????更文雅

????????????·the rest of the semester = the remainder of the semester????這學期剩下的時間

????????·what is left of sth.????其余的，剩余的部分 (可以用被動)

????????·what remains of sth.????其余的，剩余的部分 (無 be 動詞，用主動形式)

????????????·Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.????只有兩只流浪狗從這些混亂中受益,因為他們貪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕

????????????·It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's.????據(jù)說托馬斯·卡萊爾(Thomas Carlyle)聽說朋友亨利·泰勒(Henry Taylor)生病了，就立刻去看望他，口袋里裝著一瓶剩下的藥，這瓶藥以前是為卡萊爾夫人的病開的

classical adj.????(希臘和羅馬)古文化的

????·classical studies????古典文學研究

????·classical music????古典音樂

????·易混淆的單詞

????????·classi cadj.????典型的，有代表性的；一流的

????????????·a classic novel????經(jīng)典小說

????·加 al 的單詞

????????·electric?adj.????電的，用電當作動力的

????????????·an electric light/rezor????電 燈/動剃刀

? ? ? ? ·electrical?adj.????電的，與電有關(guān)的

????????????·electrical failure????電力故障

????????·historic?adj.????歷史上重要的

????????????·a historic moment????歷史性時刻

? ? ????·historical?adj.????adj.（有關(guān)）歷史的；歷史學的

????????????·historical records????歷史記錄

????????·economic?adj.????經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟學的

????????????·economic policy????經(jīng)濟政策

????????·economical?adj.????經(jīng)濟實惠的；節(jié)約的

????????????·an economical car????節(jié)油型汽車

????????·politic?adj.????<正式>（行動）明智的，講策略的

????????????·a politic decision? ? 一個明智的決定

? ? ? ? ·political?adj.????政治（上）的，政府的

????????????·political asylum????政治避難

reconstruct v.????修復

rest v.????倚放，放置

????·Her elbows rested on the table.????她的胳膊肘支在桌子上

????·She rested her head against a cushion.????她把頭靠在墊子上

????·rest on /upon????基于，依靠，建立在 ... 基礎上 (主動結(jié)構(gòu))

????????·Columbus' decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.????哥倫布決定向西航行是因為他相信地球是圓的

????????·類似的搭配

????????? ? ·be based/founded on/upon????基于/建立在 ... 基礎上?(被動結(jié)構(gòu))

????????????·depend on/upon

????????????·rely on/upon

????????????????·Don't always depend on others.You should learn to rely on yourself.????不要總是依賴別人，你應該學會依靠自己

????????????????·While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.????雖然法律新聞的質(zhì)量參差不齊，但許多記者過分依賴律師提供給他們的解釋

????????????????????·while?的三個用法

????????????????????????·1.當 ... 時候，多與過去時連用

? ? ????????????????????·2.(對比兩件事物) … 而

? ? ????????????????????·3.雖然 (本句的用法)，引導讓步狀語從句

????????????????????·reliance n.????依靠，名詞性用法

????????????????·While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.????雖然律師的評論和反應可能會增加報道的內(nèi)容，但記者最好還是依靠自己對重要性的理解，做出自己的判斷。

hip n.????屁股，臀部

full-length adj.????(群衣)拖地長的

graceful adj.????優(yōu)雅的

identity n.????身份

·課文講解

????Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses —— often three storeys high —— were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but,?so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.

????·some time ago????一段時間之前，前不久

????·make a discovery (of ...)????做發(fā)現(xiàn)

????????·中文喜歡用動詞?discover 來表達發(fā)現(xiàn)，中文是動詞主導的語言，英語是名詞主導的語言

????????·make a interesting?discovery (of ...)?????英語需要在名詞前加修飾語來做出豐富的表達

????????·即把動詞換成對應的名詞然后在前面加一個 make，英語的表達方式

????????????·use????——>????變成對應的名詞

????????????·make use of ...? ? ——>????加上修飾語

????????????·make the best use of ...? ? ——>????組成句子

? ? ????????·He made the best use of his talent.

? ? ? ? ? ? ·describe????——>????變成對應的名詞

????????????·make a vivid description?of ...

? ? ? ? ? ? ·investigate????——>????變成對應的名詞

????????????·make a torough?investigation?of?...

? ? ? ? ? ? ·summarize????——>????變成對應的名詞

????????????·make a?comprehensive?summary?of?...

? ? ? ? ? ? ·analyze????——>????變成對應的名詞

????????????·make a?detailed?analysis?of?...

????·本文中，主要講是一個有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以在英語中就把重要的東西放在句子的前面，與之相似的還有下面這句話，關(guān)鍵的是：無線電電文

????????·A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's capta instructing him to give up the search.????船長收到了來自大陸的無線電信息，指示他放棄搜索

????·of 在本句地點的后面的作用是引出地點名稱

????????·the city of Beijing????這個城市叫北京

? ? ????·the promontory of Ayia lrini????阿伊亞里尼海

? ? ????·the tiny village of Perachora????一個叫波拉·考拉的小村莊

? ? ????·the famous monastery of St. Bernard????著名的圣伯納德修道院

? ? ????·the novel of Three Kingdoms????錯

????????·the novel entitled Three Kingdoms????被命名為《三國》的小說

????????·the movie entitled Da Vinci Code????被命名為《達芬奇密碼》的電影

? ? ????·the man named/called Vincent????被叫做文森特的人

An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.

????·stands????位于，矗立在某個地方?(強調(diào)立體的感覺)

????????·Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.????花園里、建筑物和商店外面都矗立著奇怪的身影

????????·The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in the center of Tian'anmen Square.????人民英雄紀念碑矗立在天安門廣場的中央

????????????·to?獻給某人的

????????·be located/situated/sited????位于，選址 (被動)

????????·sit????坐落??(也是強調(diào)立體的感覺)

????????????·The house sits on top of a hill overlooking?the town.????這所房子坐落在俯瞰城鎮(zhèn)的山頂上

????????·lie????位于，躺 (面積比較大，側(cè)重平面的感覺)

????????????·The famous monastery of St. Bernard which was founded in the 11th century lies about a mile away.????始建于11世紀的著名的圣伯納德修道院位于一英里外

The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.

????·at one time = once????曾經(jīng) (暗示現(xiàn)在不這樣了)

????·must have been????對過去的肯定的推測

????????·The city?at one time?must have seen/knows?prosperous.????這個城市曾經(jīng)一定經(jīng)歷過繁榮，seen 和 known 單獨使用都可以表示經(jīng)歷

????·, for?原因狀語從句表示因為

????·enjoyed 享有

????????·enjoyed good health????享有高度的健康

????????·enjoy a high standard of living????享有高水準的生活

????????·The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.????這些服裝華麗雅致，長期以來在國內(nèi)外享有盛譽

????????·be blessed with ...?????幸運地擁有某個特定的事物

????????????·They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.????他們享有兩個孩子，一男一女

????????·be endowed with ...????天生具有

????????????·She is endowed with both brains and beauty.????她既聰明又美麗

????????????·They are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights.????造物主賦予他們某些不可剝奪的權(quán)利

????????·boast????有 (人作主語表示吹牛，夸口說大話，不及物動詞) (事物作主語表示物體擁有好的東西，希望看到的特指)

????????????·China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.????中國有許多美麗的風景

Houses —— often three storeys high —— were built of stone.?

????·破折號：表示中間的是插入語

They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.?

????·with 表示從屬關(guān)系，墻壁是房間的一部分

????????·a girl with blue eyes????一個藍眼睛的女孩

????????·a mug with a broken handle????一個打碎了把兒的杯子

? ? ·decorate?v.????裝飾，裝點。本句用 done 修飾 wall

????????·類似的：a vastly improved method????一個極大改良的方法

????????·a much acclaimed novel????一部倍受贊譽的小說

The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

????·equip A with B????把 A 裝配給 B

????????·be equipped with ...????被裝備著 (被動)

????????·equipment n.????設備 (不可數(shù))

????????????·The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.????教室配備了現(xiàn)代化的多媒體教學設備

?????·drainage n.????排水 (不可數(shù))? ?

????????·drain?n.????下水道 (可數(shù))

????·a great many (of) ...????很多 (跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù))

????????·a?great number?of?...????很多?(跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù))

????????·a great amount/deal of ...????很多?(跟不可數(shù)名詞)

????????·a lot of????很多

????·beneath/underneath?在下面，貼在下面????-反義詞>????on?在上面，貼在上面

????????·類似單詞補充

????????????·under 在下方，中間有一段距離? ? -反義詞>? ? over?在上方，中間有一段距離

????????????·below 海拔位置低于? ? -反義詞>? ? above?海拔位置高于

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.

????·which the archaeologists explored????定語從句

????·from the fifteenth century B.C.?until Roman times????時間狀語

????·be used as ...????被當作 ... 使用

????????·The wooden box is used as a seat.????這個木箱被當作座位使用

????????·類似的

????????????·act/serve/function as ...

????????????The wooden box?act/serve/function?a seat.????這個木箱當座位用

????·B.C. (BC):?Before Christ.????公元前，在耶穌基督出生之前

????????·A.D. (AD): Anno Domini.????公元，耶穌紀元后

????·Roman times????羅馬時代

????????·in modern/ recent/ancient/prehistoric times????在 現(xiàn)代/近代/古代/史前

????????·in times of ...????在 ... 時代

????????????·in times of peace/war????在和平時期，在戰(zhàn)爭年代

????????????·In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state ...????在和平時期，當生意不好的時候，霍克伍德和他的手下會進軍一個城邦

????????????·可替換為 age

????????????????·the Ice Age????冰河時代

????????????????·the Stone Age???石器時代

????????????????·the modern age????現(xiàn)代

? ? ????????????·the computer?age????計算機時代

????????????·era/epoch????時代/時期

????????????????·the end of an era/epoch????一個時代的結(jié)束

????????????????·the steam-engine era/epoch????蒸汽機時代

????????????????·His death marked the end of an era.????他的死標志著一個時代的結(jié)束

????????????????·the beginning of a new era/epoch????一個新時代的開始

????????????????????·It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.????它標志著帆船偉大傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)束和一個新時代的開始

????????????????????·The foundation of the People's Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.????中華人民共和國的成立標志著一個新時代的開始

In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.?

? ? ·represented vt.????代表

????????·可替換為 stand for

????????????·Honey, this gold ring stands for/represents my love for you.????親愛的，這枚金戒指代表我對你的愛

????????·on behalf of ...????代表

????????????·Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese government during the meeting.????李克強總理代表中國政府在會議上發(fā)表講話

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.?

????·dating from ...????追溯到

????????·date back to ...????追溯到

????????·can be traced back to ...????可以追溯到

????????·造句練習：絲綢之路(the Silk Road)的繁榮可以追溯到遙遠的漢朝。

????????????·The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from/dates back to/can be traced?back to the distant Han Dynasty

Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

????·happen to do????碰巧

????????·sth. happen to sb.????某事發(fā)生在某人身上

????????????·A car accident happened to him.????一場車禍發(fā)生在他身上

????????·類似的：it happen that ...????碰巧

????????????·We happened to take the same train.????我們碰巧坐同一列火車

????????????·It happened that we took the same train.????我們碰巧坐同一列火車

????????·與之相似的：chance to do?碰巧去做某事????????in chance that ...?碰巧

????? ? ????·We chanced to take the same train.????我們碰巧坐同一列火車

????????????·It chanced that we took the same?train.????我們碰巧坐同一列火車

????????·用狀語表示碰巧，巧合

????????????·by chance????偶然，碰巧; 意外地

????????????·by accident????偶然; 意外地

????????????·accidentally????意外地

????????????????·we took the same?train by chance/by accident/accidentally.

????????·類似的：as it happen????碰巧

????????????·As it happen, we took the smae train.????碰巧，我們坐的是同一列火車

? ? ????·類似的：as luck would have it????碰巧 (沒有感情色彩)

????????????·As?luck would have it, we took the smae train.????碰巧了，我們坐了同一列火車

?????????????·補充習語：gather our wits????平靜下來

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

????·preserve????保護：把某個東西保持在良好的狀態(tài)，使其質(zhì)量不下降。保質(zhì)

????????·preserve one's eyesight/food????保護視力/保存食物

????????·類似的：conserve? ? 保護：保持數(shù)量不下降。保量

????????????·conserve wildlife/resources????保護 野生動物/保護資源

????????·類似的：reserve????保護：保存起來，以為未來使用

????????????·Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.????為明天的攀登保留體力

????????????·All Rights Reserved????版權(quán)所有

????????????·I reserve the right to disagree.????我保留不同意的權(quán)利

????????????·reserve a table for 2????保留一張2個人的桌位

It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

????·amaze????使驚奇;使驚愕：因迷惑而陷入不解

????·表示使震驚的詞

????????·surprise????使震驚

????????·astonish????使震驚，因為難以置信的事情而驚訝

????????????·He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.????他對自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到驚訝。一個人躺在箱子里一堆羊毛制品上

????????·astound????使驚訝，把某人驚呆了

????????????·The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.????拉姆齊太太把自己的所作所為告訴警察時，警察大為震驚

????·turned out to be????原來是這樣的，強調(diào)出乎意料之外

????????·Eric's girlfriend turned out to be his half-sister.????埃里克的女朋友原來是他同父異母的妹妹

????????·prove (to be)????被證明是

????·modern-looking????看起來現(xiàn)代的，時髦的

????????·interesting-looking????看起來有趣的

? ? ????????·an interesting-looking carved dagger? ? 一把看起來很有趣的雕花匕首

????????·hard-working????工作努力的

????????·easy-going????平易近人的，隨和的

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.

????·stood????連系動詞，有多高，數(shù)量詞坐表語

????????·weigh????連系動詞，有多重

????????????·The boy weighs 50 kilos.????這個男孩有50公斤重

????? ? ·measure????連系動詞，有 多長/多寬/多高/多深/各個尺度上

????????????·The carpet measures 5 meters long/3 meters across.????這塊地毯有 5米長/3米寬

????·rested on????搭在 ... 上面

????????·Her face rested on her hands.????她的臉靠在手上

She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.

????·was wearing????過去進行時，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺，進行時，有一種現(xiàn)場的感覺

Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but,?so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

????·Despite????盡管，引導讓步。介詞，后面跟名詞

????????·類似的。介詞，后面跟名詞

????????????·in spite of????盡管

????????????·notwithstanding????盡管

????????·類似的，跟讓步狀語從句

????????? ? ·though? ? 盡管

????????????·although? ? 盡管

????????????·even though? ? 盡管

????????? ? ·while? ? 盡管

????????????·in spite of the fact that ...????盡管 (用在書面語中)

????????????·despite the fact that ...????盡管?(用在書面語中)

????????????????·Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.????盡管瓶子的顏色是微妙的綠色，但細心的游客很快就會注意到里面裝滿了一種看起來像是厚厚的灰色物質(zhì)

????·so far????迄今為止，跟現(xiàn)在完成時

如何寫出引人入勝的敘事類文章?

制造懸念(有趣發(fā)現(xiàn))→層層深入,迫近主題(廟宇→殿堂→神像)→揭示謎底,故事高潮(身首異處,摩登女郎)→尾聲,意猶未盡(身份未知)